南朝国家教育与文学整合

发布时间：2017-12-26 18:03

  本文关键词：南朝国家教育与文学整合　出处：《郑州大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 南朝 教育 文学 国家意识形态

【摘要】：相比于门阀政治的东晋,南朝皇权的控制力得到了加强。皇权借助于策试选举,强化了国家教育,掌握了人才的控制权。同时,国家还借助于策试选举,对各种教育资源加以整合,使其具有鲜明的国家意识形态性。在国家教育的实施过程中,文学活动所受的影响比较突出。本文所关注的,就是南朝国家教育是如何发展自身,并配合皇权需要整合文学活动发展这一问题的。本文正文共四个部分,第一部分主要讨论南朝国家教育的基本制度。认为南朝较之前更重视国家教育,在教育机构的设置上也突破了两汉以来以太学、国子学为核心的单一教育格局。同时还利用私学教育发达的时代特点,采取私办官助的形式开设了四学、五馆等教育机构,有效实现了教育规模的扩大。同时,南朝国家教育还改变了两汉以来以儒家经学教育为主的单一内容,创立了如“儒学”、“玄学”、“文学”、“史学”、“阴阳学”、“律学”等专科教育,同时倡导“实用”教育,压缩了士族阶层的权力空间。在国家教育制度与文学活动整合方面,国家教育立足京城,使得文学家的区域分布呈现出以京城为中心的集聚性特征。再加上教育在国家选举中的作用日趋加强,寒素阶层日渐崛起,围绕政治和权力呈现出文士集团化发展的趋势,文学集团也逐渐增多,驱动了南朝文学的发展。此外,国家对文学价值取向的管控也逐渐增强,“文”成为世人“获罪”和“进身”的重要原因。第二部分梳理了南朝国家教育的内容,总结了其特点,并就其对文学理论的整合情况进行了论述。南朝的国家教育尽管呈现出多元发展的态势,但核心内容还是儒家经学。同时由于魏晋以来的玄学传统,玄学在国家教育中依然占有重要地位。此外,为了在南北朝的意识形态争夺中获取统治地位,南朝统治者普遍崇信道教与佛教,国家教育多杂宗教因素,尤以佛教为胜。另外,随着重文风气的强化,以“属文”为目的的文学专科教育也得到发展。国家教育通过这些教育内容的规范,整合、引领了当时的文学发展。其突出表现就是南朝以“征圣宗经”为基本理念的文学理论著作与文学总集的大量出现。国家籍此树立了文学典范,目的就是利用文学服务于国家意识形态的建构,塑造并维护国家形象。第三部分着意于国家教育方法对文学活动的影响问题。南朝国家教育的方法从历史承袭而来,主要有赏识法、讽诵法、模仿法、辩难法。赏识法主要发生在利益相关的群体之中,着力于提升被赏识对象的信心,对文学的集团化发展和文学的传播有积极意义;讽诵法以识记和吟诵为基本内容,对文学“隶事”、“征事”、“用典”的发生有推动作用,对文学类“类书”的发展也有影响。同时由于讽诵“以音声节之”的需求,对南朝文学在音韵方面的发展也有促进作用;模仿法强调以经典为模仿和拟作对象,促成了文体范式的形成,使文学的技术性得到强化,推动了文体形式化发展的趋势,对”文学早慧”有积极影响;辩难法以问答为基本特征,在与玄谈融合后,对文学重视语言修辞的形式化发展有一定影响,同时“难”作为文体,也得到进一步发展。第四部分主要从文学角度来反观南朝国家教育。认为南朝文学对国家教育的反映主要表现为两个层次,一是对国家教育活动的记录,以兴学诏和劝学文为主;二是对国家教化的呈现和鼓吹,以应制文学、通俗文学(辅教书等)为代表,宣扬忠君、孝道、大一统的政治理想。研究认为,南朝文学活动是与国家大一统的政治诉求密切相关的,有着鲜明的事功倾向。本文在关注国家教育和其文学整合作用的同时,还就教育和文学活动中的一些问题如萧梁“五馆”的成立时间、南朝“太学、国学、国子学、国子太学”的内涵、“集雅馆”的职能、南朝”文学早慧”等名物制度问题进行了考辩,对一些争议性问题也给予了教育学的阐释。
[Abstract]:Compared to the political patriarch of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial authority control has been strengthened. With the help of the imperial election, strengthened the national education, control personnel. At the same time, the state also with the help of the election, to integrate various educational resources, which has distinctive national ideology. In the process of the implementation of national education, the influence of literary activities is more prominent. The concern of this article is how the national education of the southern dynasties developed itself and the need to integrate the development of literary activities with the need of imperial power. The text of this article is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic system of the national education in the Southern Dynasties. It is believed that the Southern Dynasties paid more attention to national education than before, and that the setting of educational institutions had also broken through the single education pattern which was the core of the education of the ether and the country. At the same time, with the characteristics of the development of private education, we established four schools, five libraries and other educational institutions in the form of private official assistance, which effectively realized the expansion of educational scale. At the same time, the national education also changed the content of single Han Dynasty Confucian classics to education, founded as "Confucianism", "metaphysics" and "Literature" and "history" and "Yin and Yang", "temperament" and other specialty education, advocating "practical" education at the same time, compression of the nobility of power space. In the integration of national educational system and literary activities, state education is based on Beijing, making the regional distribution of writers showing a centralization feature centered on Beijing. Coupled with the role of education in national elections in the increasingly strengthened, poor stratum rising, politics and power presents the development trend of the group around the scribes, the literary group has gradually increased, driving the development of the southern literature. In addition, the state has gradually strengthened the control of the value orientation of literature, and "Wen" has become an important reason for the world to be "guilty" and "enter the body". The second part combed the content of the national education in the Southern Dynasty, summed up its characteristics, and discussed the integration of literature theory. Although the national education in the Southern Dynasties showed a trend of pluralistic development, the core content was Confucian classics. At the same time, metaphysics still occupies an important position in national education because of the metaphysical tradition since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In addition, in order to gain a dominant position in the ideological struggle in the northern and Southern Dynasties, the southern rulers were generally Taoist and Buddhist in Chongxin. In addition, with the strengthening of cultural atmosphere, "Wen" has also been developed for the purpose of education specialist literature. Through the norms of these educational contents, national education has integrated and led the development of literature at that time. The emergence of a large number of works of literary theory and literary works which is reflected in the "Zheng Sheng classics" as the basic concept. The country has set up a model of literature, the purpose of which is to use literature to serve the construction of national ideology and to shape and maintain the image of the country. The third part focuses on the national education method influence on literary activities. The method of the national education and inherited from history, the main recognition method, and method, imitation method, method of. The appreciation method mainly occurs in the interest related groups, focus on improving the recognition of object confidence, positive communication on literature group development and literature; and to memorize and recite the basic content of literature "subject matter" and "syndrome", "allusion" has occurred role also, have influence on the development of literature "books". At the same time as read "in Sound Festival" needs to also promote the development of the Southern Dynasty literature in rhyme; imitation method emphasizes the classic imitation and imitation object, contributed to the formation of literary form, make the technical literature have been strengthened, to promote the style of development trend, have a positive impact on the "Literature" of law to ask precocious; as the basic features, in fusion and metaphysics, the literature attention has certain influence on formal development of language rhetoric, at the same time as the "hard" style, have been further developed. The fourth part mainly reflects the national education in the Southern Dynasties from the literary point of view. That reflects the southern literature on state education mainly for two levels, one is the national education activities in schools and their records, the imperial; two is the national education and advocacy, to do literature and popular literature (auxiliary teaching etc.) as the representative, Mr. Xuan Yangzhong, filial piety, unified political ideal. Research shows that the literary activity is closely related with the political aspirations of the unity of the nation, has a distinctive utilitarian tendency. At the same time in the attention of the national education and the integration of the literature education and literature, also in some problems such as Xiao Liang's "five house", "the establishment of the Imperial College, Ancient Chinese Literature Search, Guozixue, the son of Imperial College" meaning, "Jiya Museum", "the function of literature precocious" the problem of an examination system, on some controversial issues also give education explanation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G529;I206.2
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本文编号：1338264