自然资源财产权的制度构建

发布时间：2017-12-28 12:13

  本文关键词：自然资源财产权的制度构建　出处：《西南财经大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 自然资源 自然资源财产权 市场配置资源 资源产品采掘权 生态价值

【摘要】：本论文通过对我国自然资源财产权相关理论与实践的研究,概括了我国现行制度中存在的主要问题：重名义的国家所有,轻实质的资源保护；重静态的物权归属,轻动态的资源流转；重公权的国家干预,轻私法的市场规制。这些问题的存在,导致环境污染加剧、资源浪费和破坏严重、资源的社会效益和经济效益偏低等严重后果。造成这些问题的具体原因是：经营性和公益性自然资源没有有效区分,自然资源的行政管理和经营管理混同；市场在资源配置中的决定性作用还没有充分发挥；自然资源的所有权人主体虚位；自然资源的生态价值没有纳入资源的价值体系等。在进行原因分析的基础上本文从宏观框架上提出构建以“明晰权利属性,厘清权利归属；规范交易秩序,合理配置资源；维护社会公平,实现持续发展”为目标定位的多元、开放的自然资源财产权制度,并在类型化研究的基础上对这一制度进行体系化观察。本文的重点之一是通过对国有自然资源进行公益性和经营性(即公物和私物)的类型划分,坚持在市场配置资源的过程中构建清晰的自然资源财产权体系。这就要求自然资源进入市场时要充分体现其资源价值,包括经济价值和生态价值。同时,实现市场配置资源离不开明晰的自然资源财产权界定和规范有序的财产权流转,这些都需要在法治保障的基础上进行。对于公益性自然资源,应该在明晰资源属性和权利归属的前提下实现其最大限度服务社会的公益职能。本文的重点之二是对现行物权体系进行重构,将对物采掘类自然资源的使用权界定为“资源产品采掘权”,以还原其权利本质,使资源价值在资源产品中得以体现,并解决传统用益物权不能有效诠释的尴尬局面。本文重点之三是借鉴域外经验,将与自然资源生态价值相关的生态补偿权、自然保护地役权、排污权、碳排放权等权利纳入自然资源财产权体系,构建多元、开放的自然资源财产权。本文第一章主要论述了自然资源的基本理论。首先,从理论上对自然资源的概念、范围及其类型进行了界定,并对资源与自然资源共同具有的稀缺性特征进行了归纳。其次,分析了自然资源的社会价值和经济价值。自然资源的经济价值取决于其稀缺性,这就决定了要充分运用市场规律以实现资源的有效利用和保护。在市场经济之下,市场应该在资源配置中起决定性作用,而市场发挥决定性作用的前提是清晰规范的财产权制度。第三,本章初步分析了自然资源财产权制度的起源、发展及自然资源财产权的类型,尤其是重点研究了从罗马法的自然资源公有物制度到大陆法系的自然资源物权制度和英美法系的公共信托制度。本文第二章主要概括了我国现行自然资源财产权制度中存在的问题并分析了其原因。我国现行法律制度对实现资源保护和促进经济发展起到重要作用,但是,不容回避地也存在诸多上述现实问题,对这些问题及其原因的剖析,为自然资源法律制度改革指明了方向。首先,需要明确国有自然资源的所有权人和管理人,各司其职；其次,需要根据资源的公益性和经营性实行不同的法律制度；第三,充分发挥市场机制在经营性自然资源的配置中的决定性作用,第四,将自然资源的生态价值纳入资源的价值体系。本文第三章首先归纳了构建我国自然资源财产权制度的目标定位,主要包括“明晰权利属性,厘清权利归属；合理配置资源,规范交易秩序；维护社会公平,实现持续发展”。其次,从三个方面阐释了我国自然资源财产权制度构建的原则：经济效益和社会效益相结合原则、市场配置资源原则和可持续发展原则。第三,对在类型化基础上的自然资源财产权的权利构成进行分析,其权利构成包括三个方面：一是名实相符的所有权体系,二是多元、开放的使用权体系,三是吸纳与生态价值相关的财产权作为自然资源财产权体系的新成员。本文第四章以类型化的法学研究方法为手段,对自然资源财产权构建的相关理论问题进行了深入分析。首先,研究了经营性和公益性自然资源的类型划分及其积极意义。由于传统理论没有此种类型划分,所以导致公益性自然资源的公共服务职能发挥不力的同时,经营性自然资源不能以资源资本的形式进入市场,实现资源的经济价值。其次,对国家所有权及自然资源国家所有权相关理论进行了研究,认为之所以存在国家所有权主体虚位的问题,是因为传统观念坚持国家所有权“唯一主体论”,以及国家所有权“公权不公”和“私权不私”,所以改革的方向就是将经营性自然资源投入市场,实现市场化资源配置；使公益性自然资源回归其公益本质,履行公共服务的职责。第三,通过对对物采掘类自然资源的研究,在自然资源物权体系中提出“资源产品采掘权”的概念,改变传统用益物权不能有效解释此类物权的局面。第四,研究了与生态价值相关的自然资源财产权构建的理论依据。在生态文明和生态经济的理论基础上,本章明确提出：一,需要将自然资源作为一项资源财产来对待,赋予其财产权利,纠正传统劳动价值论之下忽视自然资源的稀缺性以及生态价值的错误；二,自然资源应以自然资本的形式进入市场,体现其生态价值。本文第五章研究了自然资源财产权构建的实现方式,即坚持在市场配置资源的过程中构建清晰的自然资源财产权体系,主要包括两个方面:一是科学设置自然资源现有物权与新型权利的逻辑关系。由于自然资源之上诸多新型权利的出现,就需要合理设置新型权利与固有权利之间的关系,形成结构清晰、层次分明的自然资源财产权体系。二是借鉴英美法系的公共信托和自然保护地役权制度,构建多元、开放的自然资源财产权。本章另外还研究了改革自然资源管理制度的具体措施,主要包括：实行公益性与经营性自然资源类型化管理,分离经营性自然资源的行政管理和经营管理职能,依法保障自然资源财产权的市场化流转,确认和保护自然资源的生态价值。本文第六章研究了自然资源财产权制度的权利构成体系,该体系由自然资源的所有权、使用权和担保物权构成。其所有权包括自然资源的国家所有权、集体所有权和公共所有权；其使用权包括用益物权和与生态价值相关的财产权,用益物权包括资源产品采掘权和非采掘性资源使用权,与生态价值相关的财产权又包括积极性和消极性的生态价值使用权两种类型。本章详细论述了与生态价值相关的财产权的具体类型,明确提出并证成自然资源的生态价值能够以财产权的形式进入市场流转,以实现环境保护公益目的和相关资源权利人经济利益的双赢,这就需要在促成和保障自然资源生态资本财产权顺利流转的同时,积极拓展自然资源生态价值的市场化程度。本文的可能创新之处在于以下方面：第一,提出并论证了造成我国现在自然资源浪费和破坏以及环境污染的原因主要在于现行自然资源财产权结构中没有对经营性和公益性自然资源进行有效区分,经营性自然资源的资源价值(包括经济价值和生态价值)没有在市场交易中真正得以体现,且现行资源的行政管理和经营管理相混同。第二,文章研究了对物采掘类自然资源使用权,提出以“资源产品采掘权”重构自然资源用益物权体系。第三,在研究自然资源生态价值的基础上论证了将与之相关的财产权纳入自然资源财产权,构建多元、开放的自然资源财产权体系的可行性。本文的不足之处在于：其一是对诸多理论问题还需进一步深入研究,其二是借鉴国外相关领域的研究成果还比较薄弱。对这些不足,在今后的研究工作中定加努力克服。
[Abstract]:This paper through the study of relevant theory and practice of China's natural resources property right, summarizes the main problems existing in the current system of our country in the name of the country: all resources protection, light of substantial weight; static property, dynamic light resource flow; heavy state intervention of public power, the market regulation law of light the. The existence of these problems leads to serious environmental pollution, serious waste and destruction of resources, the low social and economic benefits of resources and low economic benefits. Specific reasons for these problems are: business and public natural resources did not distinguish, natural resources management and administrative management confusion; the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is not fully played; natural resources ownership entities; not included in the resource value system from the ecological value of natural resources. Based on analysis of the reasons this paper proposes to build "clear right attribute from the macro framework, clarify the rights of ownership; standardize trade order, rational allocation of resources; to maintain social justice, sustainable development" as the goal orientation of the pluralistic and open natural resources property right system, and the system based on the type of research the systematic observation. One of the key points of this paper is to establish a clear natural resource property right system in the process of market allocation of resources by dividing the state-owned natural resources into public and business types. This requires that natural resources should fully reflect the value of their resources, including economic value and ecological value when they enter the market. At the same time, the realization of market allocation resources can not be separated from the clear natural resources, the definition of property rights and the orderly transfer of property rights, all of which need to be carried out on the basis of the rule of law. For the natural resources of public welfare, the public welfare function of serving the society should be realized on the premise of clarifying the property of the resources and the ownership of the rights. The focus of the two is to reconstruct the current property system, will be on mining of natural resources use rights is defined as "resources products of mining rights, to restore the essence of right, the resource value can be reflected in the resources products, and solve the traditional usufructuary right can not effectively interpret the embarrassing situation. The three key points of this paper are to draw on the experience of other countries, integrate the rights of ecological compensation, natural protection easement, emission permits and carbon emission right related to natural resources' ecological value into the natural resources property right system, and build diversified and open natural resources property rights. The first chapter of this article mainly discusses the basic theory of natural resources. First, the concept, scope and types of natural resources are defined theoretically, and the scarcity characteristics of resources and natural resources are summarized. Secondly, the social value and economic value of natural resources are analyzed. The economic value of natural resources depends on its scarcity, which decides to make full use of the law of the market to realize the effective utilization and protection of the resources. Under the market economy, the market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the precondition of the decisive role of the market is a clear and standardized property right system. Third, this chapter analyzes the origin, development and types of natural resources property right of natural resources property rights system, especially the public trust system focuses on natural resources from the Rome public system to the civil law real right system of natural resources and the Anglo American law system. The second chapter of this article mainly summarizes the existing problems in the current natural resources property right system in China and analyzes its reasons. China's current legal system plays an important role in protecting resources and promoting economic development. However, there are many practical problems that cannot be avoided. The analysis of these problems and their causes indicates the direction for the reform of natural resources legal system. First of all, to clear the state-owned natural resources ownership and management, carry out their duties; secondly, the need to implement different laws and regulations according to the public welfare and the management of resources; third, give full play to the decisive role of market mechanism in the management of natural resources allocation in fourth, the ecological value of the natural resources into the value system of resources. The third chapter first summarizes the goal orientation of constructing the property right system of natural resources in China, mainly including "the attribute of Ming Xi's rights, clarify the ownership of rights, allocate resources rationally, standardize trading order, maintain social equity and achieve sustainable development". Secondly, it explains the principles of building the system of natural resources property right in three aspects: the combination of economic and social benefits, the principle of market allocation and the principle of sustainable development. Third, the natural resources property rights on the basis of the right type of structure was analyzed, the structure of their rights includes three aspects: one is the name of the ownership system, the two is pluralistic and open the right to use the system, three is to absorb the relevant and ecological value of the property as a new member of the natural resources property right system. In the fourth chapter, the theory of the construction of natural resources property rights is analyzed with the method of typed jurisprudence. First, the type division and the positive significance of the natural resources of management and public welfare are studied. Because the traditional theory does not have this type of division, so the public service function of the public welfare natural resources is not effective. At the same time, the operational natural resources can not enter the market in the form of resource capital, and realize the economic value of resources. Secondly, the state ownership and state ownership of natural resources related theory research, there are national ownership of the phantom problem, because the traditional concept of state ownership "only subject theory" and "state ownership public injustice
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.2
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本文编号：1345942