裕固族形成史研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 08:42

  本文关键词：裕固族形成史研究　出处：《兰州大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 裕固族 黄头回纥 豳王家族

【摘要】：同新疆维吾尔族一样,裕固族来源于古代北方的回纥(回鹘)。虽然只有万余人,但却有分属阿尔泰语系突厥语族和蒙古语族的两种母语,有着同源于阿尔泰游牧文化圈的文化体系。其形成历史非常复杂,长期困扰着西北民族史研究界,成为一道难以解答的历史难题。近年来,随着蒙古豳王家族历史等相关研究的深入,为裕固族形成历史研究提供了有力的支撑,为廓清其形成历史创造了条件。裕固族先祖回鹘原生活于蒙古高原,曾于744年以斡耳朵八里建立汗国。840年,汗国崩溃,其中一支回鹘残部投奔吐蕃统治下的祁连山区和河西走廊地区,先后建立甘州回鹘和沙州回鹘政权。他们一方面秉承祖先以游牧为主的生活方式,一方面受当地旧有生业方式的影响,渐知农业。宗教信仰上,在浓厚的萨满信仰的基础上逐渐信仰了汉传佛教,这一支河西回鹘后裔后来就以黄头回纥和撒里畏吾之名活动在甘青新交界的地方,他们就是今天裕固人最直接的先民。13世纪初,蒙古征服河西走廊,河西回鹘聚居的沙、瓜、肃三州归顺蒙古。忽必烈于1260年继蒙古大汗位后,以海都为首的西北蒙古诸王发动叛乱,对抗中央,西北形势岌岌可危。1276年,因不满诸王叛乱,察哈台第四代孙出伯、哈班兄弟叛离察哈台汗国而投于忽必烈麾下,受到元庭重用,驻守河西及周边地区,形成以肃州、沙州、瓜州和哈密为中心的“豳王兀鲁思”,而这里正是撒里畏兀儿地面,因此以回鹘王室药罗葛家族为首的撒里畏兀儿集团,开始接受了蒙古黄金家族后裔豳王的统治,两个族群在西北一隅杂居混牧,开始了时至今日水乳交融的融合历史,在漫长的历史发展中,形成了今天这样操阿尔泰语系东(蒙古语族)西(突厥语族)部两种母语的民族共同体——裕固族。裕固族的形成,首先取决于回鹘与蒙古两个民族的融合,对于裕固族的形成而言,回鹘与蒙古可谓核心因素。蒙古豳王辖区内,回鹘势力比较强大且文化发达,对河西地区蒙古人产生了重大影响,蒙古贵族在文化上逐步回鹘化,并支持回鹘文化的发展,为二者的融合提供了条件。长期的水乳交融与文化上的趋近,使二者最终融为一体,并最终形成了具有特色的裕固民族;其次,青藏高原高度发展的藏文化,尤其是藏传佛教对裕固族形成的影响既深且巨,不仅把裕固族纳入了整个藏传佛教文化圈,而且其影响力深入到了当今裕固人生活的方方面面,对裕固族传统文化的形成有着重要的作用;其三,土族因素与裕固族的形成也是不可忽视的。在安定卫残破之后,部众都游徙至祁连山南北两麓的广阔地带,分别融于裕固族或土族之中。
[Abstract]:Like Xinjiang Uygur, Yugur comes from Huihe (Uighur) in the north of ancient times. Although there are only ten thousand people, there are two mother tongues belonging to the Turkic and Mongolian languages of the Altai language family. With the same cultural system originated from Altai nomadic cultural circle, its formation history is very complex, which has long troubled the research circle of northwest national history, and has become a difficult historical problem in recent years. With the further study of the history of the Bing-Wang family of Mongolia, it provides a powerful support for the study of the formation history of the Yugur ethnic group, and creates conditions for clarifying its formation history. The Uighur ancestors of the Yugur nationality lived in the Mongolian plateau. The khanate was founded in 744 by Wulerbali. In 840, the khanate collapsed and one of the Uighur remnants defected to the Qilian Mountains and the Hexi Corridor under Tubo rule. The Uighur of Ganzhou and the Uighur of Shazhou were established successively. On the one hand, they inherited the nomadic lifestyle of their ancestors, on the other hand, they were influenced by the old local way of life and property, and they gradually became aware of agriculture and religious beliefs. On the basis of strong Shaman belief, gradually believed in the Han Buddhism, this Hexi Uighur descendants later on in the name of Huang Tou Huihe and Sali fear me activities at the new border between Gansu and Qing. They are the most direct ancestors of today's Yugu people. At the beginning of the 13th century, Mongolia conquered the Hexi Corridor, the sand, melon, and Susan prefectures inhabited by the Hexi Uighur. Hu Bilie succeeded the Mongol Khan position in 1260. The northwest Mongolian kings led by Haidu launched a rebellion against the central government, and the situation in the northwest was precarious. In 1276, because of dissatisfaction with the kings' rebellion, the 4th generations of Tsahatai went out of town. The Haban brothers defected from Cha Hat Khan and voted under Hu Bilie, who were reused by Yuan Ting, stationed in Hexi and its surrounding areas, and formed "Bin Udor Lu Si" centered on Suzhou, Shazhou, Guazhou and Hami. And this is the Sharivvor vulgar ground, so the Uighur royal family led by the Luo GE family, began to accept the ruling of the Mongolian gold family descendant King Bin, the two groups in the northwest corner mixed pastoral. Began to today's fusion history, in the long history of development. The formation of the two mother tongues of the Eastern (Mongolian) West (Turkic) Ministry of Altaic language, the formation of the Yugur ethnic group, depends first of all on the integration of the Uighur and the Mongolian nationalities. For the formation of the Yugur Uighur and Mongolia is the core factor. In the Mongolian Bin area the Uighur forces are strong and the culture is developed which has a great influence on the Mongols in the Hexi region. Mongolian aristocrats gradually in the cultural Uighur, and support the development of Uighur culture, for the integration of the two conditions, long-term integration and cultural convergence, so that the final integration of the two. And finally formed a unique Yugu nationality; Secondly, Tibetan culture, especially Tibetan Buddhism, which is highly developed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has a deep and huge influence on the formation of Yugur, and not only brings Yugur into the whole Tibetan Buddhist culture circle. And its influence goes deep into all aspects of Yugur people's life, and plays an important role in the formation of Yugur traditional culture. Third, the formation of the Yugur nationality and the Tu nationality factor can not be ignored. After the breakage of the stability and protection, the whole group swam to the vast area of the northern and southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains and merged into the Yugur nationality or the Tu nationality respectively.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K28
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本文编号：1363781