21世纪蒙古国国家安全政策研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 12:15

  本文关键词：21世纪蒙古国国家安全政策研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 蒙古国 安全政策 安全战略 外交政策 大国关系

【摘要】：冷战结束后,国际体系发生了巨大变化,国际关系和外交政策也随之进行调整。在这种国际关系巨大变化的背景之下,蒙古国实现了真正意义上的政治和外交上的自主独立。蒙古国开始在政治民主化、经济市场化、社会开放化、人权自由化等方面实施转型,外交政策也由过去“一边倒”向“多支点”外交战略方向调整。1992年2月10日,蒙古国颁布了新宪法。关于蒙古国外交政策,宪法第10条中规定:“遵守世界各国公认的国际法准则,实施致力于和平的外交政策”。(1)因此,1994年蒙古国国家大呼拉尔先后制定颁布了《蒙古国对外政策构想》、《蒙古国国家安全构想》、《蒙古国军事政策基础》。蒙古国不仅重新制定针对周边两大强国(中国、俄罗斯)的外交战略,而且与美日及欧洲大国及其他国家的关系得以重建。这几项构想促使蒙古国重新制定了国家军事安全战略,正式确认“同中国和俄罗斯保持友好关系是蒙古国外交政策的主要目标”。(2)《蒙古国国家安全构想》包括:国家安全、国家安全的外部环境、国家安全组成部分、国家安全保障体系等。同时确定“蒙古国不参与任何同盟和军事集团,不支持因第三国利益将本国领空、领土为其所用”。(3)蒙古国“多支点”外交政策与安全政策是从蒙古国国内需要与国际环境的实际出发制订的,是实现蒙古国国家独立、国家安全与社会经济发展的重要途径。蒙古国提出的国家安全政策构想,是为了有效地保障蒙古国国家政治、经济、安全与军事做出的战略抉择。在《蒙古国军事政策基础》中规定:“将秉持共同防卫的政策,通过与邻国、第三邻国、国际军事组织的军事力量来共同抵御本国受到潜在的侵略或威胁”。(1)进入21世纪,蒙古国国家周边安全环境发生了巨大变化,2010年7月15日,蒙古国国家大呼拉尔修订了《蒙古国国家安全构想》、2011年修订了《蒙古国对外政策构想》、2015年10月重新修订了《蒙古国军事政策基础》,改称为《蒙古国国防政策基础》。以有效保障21世纪蒙古国的国家安全。全文共分五章,主要观点如下:第1章阐述国际关系中的安全理论与蒙古国国家安全思想的历史演变。分析了国际关系的安全理论概念。国内外学者对安全概念的争论日趋激烈,安全作为一个拥有政治影响力的概念亦逐渐呈现。认为蒙古国国家安全思想历史演变可以划分为6个阶段:一是蒙古国加入联合国的最初艰难阶段;二是争取社会主义阵营国家的支持;三是争取亚非拉国家的支持;四是蒙古国正式加入联合国;五是蒙古国成为联合国成员国后的外交成就;六是1961年以后的安全历史。第2章,蒙古国“多支点”外交政策与安全政策。分析了冷战后国际形势与蒙古国外交政策及安全政策的变化。在外交政策构想中规定了“多支点”外交以及优先发展方向。“同中国和俄罗斯建立友好关系是蒙古国对外政策的首要任务,主张同中俄两国均衡交往,发展广泛的睦邻合作。积极发展与美国、欧盟、日本等以及西方发达国家“第三邻国”外交的战略方针。蒙古国外交政策的一个主要方向是通过开展积极的政治和外交手段来巩固国家安全。(2)作为夹在拥有核武器的中苏两国之间的国家,蒙古国从国家安全角度提出了有必要特别关注涉及本国安全的问题。第3章,21世纪蒙古国安全政策内容。这部分深入地研究了蒙古国安全政策的制定。包括:《蒙古国国家安全构想》的提出背景、《蒙古国国家安全构想》的主要内容及特征、蒙古国国防体系、蒙古国军事结构与任务、蒙古国军费支出。可以说,《蒙古国国家安全构想》是一个综合全面的安全保障构想。蒙古国国防法详细指出了建立蒙古国武装力量的依据、所秉持的基本原则、武装力量的组织结构、基本管理职能、武装力量总参谋部的责任和义务等问题。于2015年9月7日,蒙古国总统查·额勒贝格道尔吉提出蒙古国实施永久中立政策的建议。永久中立法律草案规定:蒙古国只在战争和武装冲突情况下秉持中立国地位,并且不妨碍蒙古国与世界各国所签署的条约和协定。第4章阐述21世纪蒙古国与大国的安全关系。这部分深入地研究了蒙中、蒙俄、蒙日、蒙美合作关系的发展。一是蒙中两国建立了全面的合作关系,各领域的合作不断扩大和深化,成为发展蒙中战略伙伴关系的重要支撑;二是蒙俄两国已经建立了全面战略伙伴关系,蒙俄两国在政治关系和军事领域仍需加强,为各领域的合作发展提供了有利条件;三是蒙日两国在“全面伙伴关系”的基础上致力于发展“战略伙伴关系”,其中经济关系尤为重要。蒙日两国的经济关系不仅是日本政府对蒙古国的援助,同时也涵盖了在贸易、投资、经济等领域更为广泛深入合作;四是蒙美建立外交关系以来,蒙美两国的防务合作关系得到不断发展。蒙美两国防务领域的合作关系大致可分为三个阶段:1991年至1996年;1996年至2003年;2003年至今。第5章,21世纪蒙古国安全政策的发展趋势。这部分研究了蒙古国安全政策的未来与影响蒙古国安全政策的因素、蒙古国安全政策相关问题的思考。包括:继续发展与中俄两国睦邻友好关系、继续参与地区发展与安全合作,推动“永久中立国”地位为安全政策的基石。《蒙古国国家安全构想》是目前蒙古国首部详细阐述国家安全政策、外交政策、军事政策构想的政府纲领性文件。虽然颁布时间不长,但随着蒙古国在国际社会地位日益提高,参与国际事务的形式日渐增多,范围日益扩大,当前蒙古国需要重新审视自己的国家安全政策、以及外交政策和军事政策,并需要重新修订相关的政策方针。鉴于上述情况,在最近二,三十年,蒙古国政府针对国内外环境变化着手重新修改国家安全政策、对外政策、军事政策构想。在《蒙古国国家安全构想》中多次提到蒙古国政府坚持维护人权、自由、公平正义、民主的政治体系,且将这些方针视为维护蒙古国国家安全的根本保障。同时在重新修订后的《蒙古国国家安全构想》中还提到关于“蒙古国的国家安全目标是创造能够保障蒙古国核心利益的内部及外部环境”并力争通过政治和外交手段维护蒙古国国家独立自主及主权完整。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, great changes have taken place in the international system, international relations and foreign policy also adjusted. Under the great change of international relations in the background, in Mongolia to achieve a real sense of political and diplomatic independence. Mongolia began in the democratization of politics, market economy, social aspects of opening. Freedom to implement transformation, foreign policy from the past "one-sided" to "multi pivot diplomacy strategic adjustment of.1992 in February 10th, Mongolia promulgated a new constitution. On Mongolia's foreign policy, in article tenth of the Constitution stipulates:" abide by internationally accepted norms of international law, the implementation is committed to a peaceful foreign policy "(1). Therefore, in 1994 the state great Hural of Mongolia has enacted the" Mongolia's foreign policy vision "," national security concept in Mongolia >, < Mongolia's military policy based in Mongolia. China not only re enacted in the surrounding two big powers (Chinese, Russia) diplomatic strategy, and reconstruction and relationships of the United States and Japan and other countries and the European powers to. These ideas prompted Mongolia's re enactment of the national military security strategy, officially confirmed "maintain friendly relations with Russia and Chinese is the main target of Mongolia foreign policy. (2) Mongolia's national security concept < > include: national security, national security environment, national security component of the national security system. At the same time to determine the" Mongolia does not participate in any military alliance and the third group, because the benefits will not support their airspace, territorial use "for its. (3) Mongolia's" fulcrum "foreign policy and security policy is the actual needs from Mongolia domestic and international environment of development, Mongolia is to achieve national independence, national security and society by An important way of economic development. Mongolia's national security policy ideas put forward, in order to effectively safeguard the political, Mongolia national economic and military security, strategic choice to make. Mongolia's military policy stipulated in the < > Foundation: "will uphold the common defense policy, with the neighbors, third neighboring countries, the international military organization the military forces to jointly resist the country by potential aggression or threat." (1) in twenty-first Century, has undergone tremendous changes, the national security environment around Mongolia in July 15, 2010, the state great Hural of Mongolia revised the "Mongolia national security concept", revised in 2011 "Mongolia's foreign policy vision", revised in October 2015 "Mongolia's military policy based", renamed the Mongolia national defense policy foundation. "In order to guarantee the safety of our country in twenty-first Century in Mongolia. The thesis consists of five chapters. The main points are as follows: the first chapter The evolution of security theory in international relations with Mongolia's national security thought history. Safety analysis of the theoretical concepts of international relations. Domestic and foreign scholars debate on the concept of security is becoming increasingly fierce, security as a political clout the concept also gradually presented. That historical thought of national security of Mongolia country evolution can be divided into 6 stages the first stage: one is difficult in Mongolia to join the United Nations; two is to win the support of the national socialist camp; the three is to support African countries; four Mongolia China formally joined the United Nations; five in Mongolia as a member of the United Nations after diplomatic achievement; the six is security history after 1961. Second chapter, Mongolia's "fulcrum" foreign policy and security policy. Analysis of the change of international situation after the cold war and the Mongolia foreign policy and security policy. "Regulations on foreign policy ideas Diplomacy and development priorities. "The establishment of friendly relations with Russia and China is a priority of Mongolia's foreign policies, with China and Russia advocate balanced exchanges, the development of good neighbourly cooperation. The positive development with the United States, European Union, Japan and the strategy of western developed countries" third neighbor "policy. One of the main direction Mongolia's foreign policy is to strengthen national security through actively carry out political and diplomatic means. (2) as between nuclear armed China and Soviet Union countries, Mongolia from the point of view of national security is necessary to pay special attention to the national security problem. In the third chapter, the content of this twenty-first Century Mongolia's security policy. Some in-depth study of the development of Mongolia's security policy. Including: the background of Mongolia's" national security concept "," the main content of Mongolia's national security concept > and Mongolia's syndrome, national defense system, Mongolia's military structure and mission, Mongolia's military expenditure. It can be said that Mongolia's national security "concept" is a comprehensive security concept. Mongolia's national defense law with pointed out that the establishment of Mongolia's armed forces on the basis of the basic principle, uphold the organizational structure of the armed forces. The basic function of management, the general staff of the armed forces of the responsibility and obligation and other issues. In September 7, 2015, proposed the implementation of the policy of permanent neutrality of Mongolia's proposal of President Char Elbegdorj of Mongolia. Mongolia: permanent neutrality provisions of the draft law in China only uphold a neutral country status in war and armed conflict situations, treaties and agreements and does not interfere with the state of Mongolia with the rest of the world. The fourth chapter signed security relations in Mongolia in twenty-first Century and the country. This part is deeply studied in Mongolia, Mongolia and Russia, Mongolia, Mongolia and the United States cooperation The Department of development. One is Mongolia the two countries established a comprehensive cooperative relations, cooperation in various fields has been expanded and deepened, become an important support for the development of the strategic partnership between Mongolia and Mongolia and Russia; two is the two countries have established a comprehensive strategic partnership, Mongolia and Russia still needs to strengthen in the political and military fields, provide the favorable conditions for the development of cooperation in various fields; three is Mongolia Japan based on "comprehensive partnership" is committed to a "strategic partnership", the economic relationship is particularly important. The economic relationship between China and Japan is not only by the Japanese government in aid to Mongolia, but also covers in trade and investment. The economic and other fields more in-depth cooperation; four is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the United States since Mongolia U.S. defense cooperation between Mongolia and the United States have continued to develop. Bilateral cooperation in the field of defense can be divided into three stages: 1991 From 2001 to 1996; 1996 to 2003; since 2003. In the fifth chapter, the development trend of twenty-first Century Mongolia's security policy. This part of the future of Mongolia's security policy and the factors affecting Mongolia's security policy, on issues related to Mongolia's security policy. Including: continue to develop good neighborly and friendly relations with China and Russia, continue to participate in regional development and security cooperation, to promote the "permanent neutrality" status for security policy. The cornerstone of Mongolia's national security concept "is currently the Mongolia country's first elaborate national security policy, foreign policy, military government programmatic document policy ideas. Although the promulgation time is not long, but with the increasing of Mongolia's status in the international community to participate in international affairs, in the form of increasing, expanding the scope of the country, Mongolia needs to re-examine their own national security policy, and foreign policy and military affairs Policy, and need to revise the related policy. In view of the above, in the last two, thirty years, the government of Mongolia for the domestic and international environment changes to modify national security policy, foreign policy, military policy ideas. In Mongolia's national security concept < > mentioned several times in the government of Mongolia to safeguard human rights and freedom. Fairness and justice, democratic political system, and to integrate these policies as a guarantee of Mongolia's national security. At the same time in the revised "Mongolia country national security concept > also mentioned about the" Mongolia's national security goal is to create to protect the internal and external environment of Mongolia's "core interests and strive to through political and diplomatic means to safeguard national sovereignty and independent Mongolia.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D731.1
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本文编号：1364456