国际法视野下非洲海盗法律问题及应对措施研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 10:02

  本文关键词：国际法视野下非洲海盗法律问题及应对措施研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 海盗 法律影响 治理措施 诉讼 非洲

【摘要】：海盗是一个古老的概念,其历史可追溯至人类利用海洋从事运输之初。这一罪行最初受国际习惯法调整,其后被正式规定于《1958年日内瓦公约》及《1982年联合国海洋法公约》。非洲海盗,尤其是索马里与几内亚湾的海盗在上世纪90年代开始出现,在2005年呈现爆发态势,并延续至今。非洲海盗的产生根源尽管有其特殊原因,但与海盗本身的产生原因也有诸多类同。本文即意在探寻非洲海盗的成因、其对海运贸易和运输的影响,并提出国际视角、非洲地区法律视角下的治理措施。国际社会以及非洲部分国家均采取了打击非洲海盗的相应措施。但是,在每一次针对海盗的行动下,均存在着行动本身的法律基础以及到底打击的是什么的问题。海盗作为一种有组织的反人类罪行,应当受到打击和清除。但海盗作为有组织的犯罪行为,对其进行打击需要考虑到其与陆地犯罪之间存在千丝万缕的联系,而不能仅仅将其视为海上劫匪。非法海盗生意所获得的赎金已经得到认可,并被用于改善人们的经济状况。同时,针对非洲海域,尤其是索马里海域和几内亚湾海域的海盗行为尤为猖獗,国际社会及非洲部分国家在上述区海盗打击行为也更为突出和集中。本论文包括七章。第一章重点论述了非洲海盗,尤其是索马里和几内亚湾海盗产生的背景及其所导致的问题和论述了研究的目标,文献综述以及研究方法。第二章首先从国际法、国内法及国际海事局等多个视角探讨了海盗的内涵,以及对有关沿海水域海盗行为的争论,同时还讨论了非洲海域海盗的本质、有关海盗规制的法律体系及其优劣。第三章着重介绍非洲海盗,尤其是几内亚湾和索马里湾海盗问题的产生原因,揭示这两个区域海盗行为的差异,并探讨其形成的深层次原因。第四章首先探讨非洲海盗对国际公法的影响,尤其是对海盗行为的内涵、一国法院管辖、海盗打击和人权实现方面;其次较为深入地论述非洲海盗对海商法的影响,尤其是对承运人责任、运费、租船合同(特别是ITL条款、绕航、合同受阻、安全港口和停租问题);以及非洲海盗对海上保险、共同海损分摊、海难救助、船舶优先权等的影响;同时还涉及到了私人武装保安护航问题。第五章分析了国际社会为打击索马里与几内亚湾海盗所采取的措施,并分析了上述措施的有效性;在此基础上,进一步分析了在非洲海域部署海上打击力量的国家所面临的挑战,以及西非和中非国家经济发展因素与采取打击海盗措施之间的关系、影响等。论文第六章研究了有关各国针对海盗行为刑事规制上的不同,各国刑事法律在此方面所存在的不足和模糊性以及对海盗提起公诉的国家所面临的司法困境等。最后,第七章提出了有效打击和控制非洲海盗的一些建议,以图消减非洲海盗对国际公法、国际海商法、各国国内法的影响,并力图使上述有关法律成为控制非洲海盗的更有效方式。
[Abstract]:Piracy is an ancient concept, its history can be traced back to the human use of ocean in the transport at the beginning of this crime. First by customary international law adjustment, followed by formal provisions in the Geneva Convention and <1958 > <1982 convention UN law of the sea. African pirates, especially in Somalia and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea began to appear in the in 90s, the outbreak of a trend in 2005, and continues today. The origin of African pirates despite its special reasons, but with the pirates itself also has many similar reasons. This paper is intended to explore causes of African pirates, its influence on maritime trade and transportation, and put forward the measures of the international perspective, from the perspective of law the areas of Africa. The international community and some African countries have taken appropriate measures to combat piracy in Africa. However, each time for piracy, there are actions themselves The legal basis of the combat and in the end what is the problem. As a kind of organized crimes against humanity, should be removed. But as a pirate attack and organized crime, the need to consider the fight and land crime between inextricably linked, and can not only be regarded as the sea the business was illegal. The pirate ransom has been recognized, and be used to improve people's economic conditions. At the same time, in the waters of Africa, especially the piracy in Somali waters and the waters of the Gulf of Guinea is particularly rampant, the international community and some African countries in the region to combat piracy behavior is more obvious and concentrated. This thesis includes the seven chapter. The first chapter focuses on the African pirates, especially in Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea Pirates of the background and the resulting problems and discusses the research objectives, literature Review and research methods. The second chapter from the perspective of international law, a number of domestic law and the international maritime bureau of the pirates and the connotation of the coastal waters of piracy and pirates nature debate, Africa is also discussed, the relevant legal system and regulation of pirates. The third chapter focuses on the merits of African pirates especially, the causes of Guinea Bay and Gulf Somali piracy, piracy reveal the differences of these two regions, and to explore the deep reasons of its formation. The fourth chapter first explores African pirates on the influence of international law, especially the connotation of piracy, under the jurisdiction of a state court, to combat piracy and the realization of human rights secondly; a more in-depth discussion of influence of African pirates on maritime law, especially the responsibility of the carrier, freight, charter party (especially the ITL clause, deviation, contract by resistance, safety and port Offhire); and African pirates on issues of marine insurance, general average, salvage, effect of maritime liens; also involves private armed security escort. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the international community to take the fight against Somali pirates in the Gulf of Guinea and measures, and analyzed the effectiveness of the measures; on this basis, further analysis in the waters of Africa maritime strike force deployment challenges facing the country, as well as the factors of the economic development of West and Central African countries and take the hit, pirate measures between the effects. The sixth chapter studies about different countries for piracy criminal regulation on the existing national criminal laws in this the deficiency and ambiguity of the prosecution of Pirates of the countries are facing a judicial dilemma. Finally, the seventh chapter puts forward the strike and control of African Pirates Some suggestions are made to reduce pirates' influence on international public law, international maritime law and domestic laws, so as to make these laws a more effective way to control pirates in Africa.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99;D815
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本文编号：1373393