香格里拉“藏民家访”研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 04:29

  本文关键词：香格里拉“藏民家访”研究　出处：《云南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 香格里拉市 “藏民家访” 旅游发展 文化符号 社会变迁

【摘要】：“藏民家访”已经成为云南省香格里拉市最有特色的民族文化旅游产品。香格里拉藏族百姓在十余年时间中摸索创造出的“藏民家访”文化展演,以狂欢式展演的方法实现了不同文化间的沟通。狂欢式展演方式的“藏民家访”已经成为香格里拉文化旅游的标志性产品。丰富的文化片段因狂欢式展演而被融为一个有机的整体。用于新的文化生产而改造的藏族民居因保留了藏族家屋文化的基本元素而成为最适于悬置文化差异,实现文化沟通与文化交融的空间。香格里拉“藏民家访”产生及发展的历程,从根本上而言是当地藏族在卷入全球化的过程中,通过乡村旅游的方式将藏族的日常生活改造成一种文化产品参与到资本运作,同时不断吸引政府组织、行业协会、旅游机构、外来游客等利益相关方参与其中并不断博弈的结果。“藏民家访”经历了起步、发展、波折、调整、相对稳定等多个阶段。“藏民家访”发展过程中面临的问题,需要从地理区位及自然环境、社会历史及文化背景、对外交往及管理制度、宗教信仰及社会变迁等一系列因素的互动中寻求解决方案。总体而言,通过“藏民家访”的发展实践,藏族的发展机会及发展能力得到提高,最终达到藏族自身及这一地区社会的发展的目的。“藏民家访”的出现与发展改变了“藏民家访”从业者的农牧生计方式,藏族在从事农牧业的同时兼营旅游业,部分藏族由农民转变为旅游业从业者,部分藏族在家屋就完成就业并从销售农副产品转变为销售旅游特色产品,延伸了香格里拉乡村旅游产业链,为乡村旅游拓宽了特色旅游产品的销路,为游客提供了家访式旅游体验消费产品,为藏族找到了有效的致富模式,为民间歌舞艺人找到了就业场所,并为摄影业拓展了市场。“藏民家访”的发展使香格里拉市逐渐形成了一个经营者、旅行社、导游、藏民家访协会等利益相关者获得切实的利益、并形成复杂的利益关系的特殊的旅游产品市场。尽管“藏民家访”市场存在一些问题,但不可否认它不仅丰富了旅游市场上可供游客夜间消费的旅游产品,有效地补充了游客的人文景观消费,还增加了经营者及从业人员的经济收入,最终培育了一个产品内容丰富、质量和消费水平较高的“藏民家访”乡村旅游市场。香格里拉藏族的日常家庭生活文化在旅游发展语境中,以狂欢展演的方式获得了经济价值实现与文化意义拓展的空间,并衍生、编排了新的文化符号与意义,构建了新的社会关系。藏族的日常生活符号贯穿于“藏民家访”的运营过程,“藏民家访”的发展直接引致了部分藏族文化符号的重新编码与意义构建,间接引致了社会关系的建构与拓展。“藏民家访”展示了丰富的文化符号,而此类文化符号既彰显了藏族文化的独特性,又凸显了藏族文化与其他民族文化的差异性,从而表达了其展演类文化符号意义及其符号嬗变过程。“藏民家访”文化符号编码与意义构建是基于文化自信与满足游客期待的协调而完成的,依托文化差异在文化市场中得以凸显,并在差异化的符号展演与游客文化互动中被逐渐编码与建构,“藏民家访”所展演的日常生活符号,象征与表达了香格里拉的藏族文化。在现代文化旅游背景下藏族文化资源转化为文化旅游产品的过程还导致了家庭关系的变迁,藏民家访协会的出现也在改变和调适着藏族社会传统的社会关系。大量游客的到来使当地藏族民众与外界的社会交往关系得到了非常大的拓展,这也有利于族际间文化交流平台的搭建。
[Abstract]:"Tibetan home visits" has become the Yunnan city in Shangri-La Province, the most distinctive ethnic cultural tourism products. The Shangri-La Tibetan people in more than ten years time in explore and create "Tibetan home visits to cultural performances, Carnival performances method realizes communication between different cultures. Carnival type performances" Tibetan home visits "has become a symbol of Shangri-La cultural tourism products. The rich cultural Carnival performances are due to fragment into an organic whole. For the new production and the transformation of the culture of Tibetan dwellings for retaining the basic elements of Tibetan culture house and become the most suitable for suspension culture differences, achieve a blend of cultural communication and cultural space of course. The development of Shangri-La and the" Tibetan home visits ", fundamentally speaking, is in the process of globalization in the local Tibetan, the Tibetan by rural tourism The daily life into a kind of cultural products to participate in the capital operation, while continuing to attract government organizations, industry associations, travel agencies, foreign tourists and other stakeholders involved and the result of the game. "Tibetan home visits" has started, development, twists and turns, adjustment, the relative stability of multiple stages. "Facing the Tibetan home visits" problems in the development process, from the geographical location and natural environment, social history and cultural background, and the foreign exchange management system, seeking solutions to a series of interactive factors of religion and social change. In general, the development of the practice of Tibetan home visits ", the Tibetan development opportunities and development ability to improve and ultimately achieve social development and its Tibetan in this area. The purpose of the emergence and development of Tibetan home visits" changed "Tibetan home visits" practitioners of agriculture and animal husbandry livelihoods, In the Tibetan concurrently engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry and tourism, Tibetan by farmers into tourism practitioners, part of the Tibetan house completed in employment and from the sale of agricultural and sideline products into the sales of tourism products, to extend the Shangri-La rural tourism industry chain, to broaden the tourism product market for rural tourism, provide home visits experiential tourism products for tourists consumption, find a wealth of effective mode for Tibetan, found a place of employment for folk song and dance, and expand the market for the photographic industry. "The development of Tibetan home visits" to Shangri-La gradually formed one of the operators, travel agencies, tour guides, Tibetan home visits and other stakeholders to obtain association the benefits, and the formation of complex interests of the special tourism products market. Although there are some problems in Tibetan home visits "market, but there is no denying that it is not only rich. For tourists spending the night tourism products in the tourism market, effectively complement the human landscape tourist consumption, but also increased the income of the operators and the employees, and ultimately foster a product quality and rich in content, the higher the level of consumption of "Tibetan home visits" rural tourism market. Shangri-La Tibetan culture in daily life tourism development in the context of the carnival show the realization of economic value and cultural significance of the expansion of space, and derivatives, arrangement of cultural symbols and the significance of the new building, new social relations. The operation process of daily life of the Tibetan symbol throughout the "Tibetan home visits", "Tibetan home visits" development leads the construction of re encoding and meaning of Tibetan culture symbol, the indirectly caused by the construction and development of social relations. "Tibetan home visits" shows the rich cultural symbols, And this kind of cultural symbols not only demonstrates the unique Tibetan culture, and highlight the differences of Tibetan culture and other ethnic cultures, which express the performance of cultural symbols meaning and symbol transformation process. "Tibetan home visits" cultural symbol encoding and significance of construction of culture is based on confidence and satisfaction of tourists look and complete coordination and relying on the cultural differences highlighted in cultural market, and cultural symbols of performances and tourists interaction in differentiation were gradually encoding and construction, "the daily life symbol of Tibetan home visits" performances, symbol and expression of Shangri-La Tibetan culture. In modern cultural tourism under the background of Tibetan cultural resources into cultural tourism products also resulted in changes in family relations, the association also appeared Tibetan home visits at change and adjustment of traditional Tibetan society. A large number of tourists coming The social relations between the local Tibetan people and the outside world have been greatly expanded, which is also conducive to the establishment of the inter ethnic cultural exchange platform.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C95
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本文编号：1412706