治理理论视域下我国科研机构研究生教育体制改革研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 01:29

本文关键词：治理理论视域下我国科研机构研究生教育体制改革研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力”。当今世界国际竞争日趋激烈,其焦点是人才的竞争。而创新型人才的培养,靠的是教育,尤其是高端的研究生教育。我国的研究生教育的培养单位主要是高等院校和科研院所。新中国成立之后,我国科研机构的研究生教育经历了长足的发展,目前形成了整体规模较大、发展迅速、分布均衡的研究生培养态势,成为高层次创新型人才培养的重要单元。然而,随着国家对创新型人才的需求不断增加,我国的科研机构研究生教育存在的问题逐渐凸显:政策扶持力度不足,制度保障乏力;“科教”协同滞后,人才培养链条不健全;研究生课程系统性不高,通识教育缺失,人才应用性缺失;社会关注度不高,研究生生源存在不足等。本文对这些问题进行了系统性的分析,并总结了问题背后存在的原因。为了解决这些问题,本文重点分析了美国、德国、法国、日本等国的科研机构研究生教育,总结了其特点和经验,归纳了国外的经验对我国研究生教育改革的借鉴和启示。在此基础上,本文对我国科研机构研究生教育体制创新的总体目标和改革原则进行了明确的阐释和界定,并结合治理理论,进一步提出了推进我国科研机构研究生教育体制创新的实践路径。最后,文章提出了把科研机构的研究生教育整体并入合作高校成立“科教融合共建学院”的设想,并详细阐述了共建学院的管理体制和培养机制。本研究的主要结论如下:我国的科研机构的研究生教育,根据发展特征的明显不同,可分为“开创”、“建立”、“停滞”、“复苏”、“规范”、“创新”等六个阶段,目前科研机构的研究生培养单位在全国研究生培养单位中约占总量的40%左右,也形成了一套行之有效的培养模式和管理制度。当前,我国科研机构研究生教育还存在一系列的问题。在治理理论的分析框架下,政府角色的缺失是造成政策扶持力度不足、制度保障乏力、科教协同滞后的原因所在;高等院校角色的缺失是造成课程系统性不高的原因所在;企业等市场主体的角色缺失是造成人才应用性缺失的原因所在。综合国外科教协同创新的成功经验来看,“科教结合、协同创新”使科研机构和大学的各自优势与特色得到充分发挥,让大学和科研机构等创新单元进行全方位、多层次的紧密协同,实现共赢发展,是符合时代发展趋势和科教发展规律的重要理念和先进模式。国外的经验对我国研究生教育改革有以下四点启示:强调合作与开放;教育体制变革:实现以研究型大学为主体的单轨制;管理理念变革:实现以科研机构与大学等多方互动的多元治理;政府推动变革:通过合作获取政府政策、制度的支持保障。在此这些分析的基础上,本文认为我国科研机构研究生教育体制创新的总体目标是构建包含政府、科研机构、高等院校等多元主体的协作型治理体制,重点是厘清科研机构与高等院校分别在科研能力培养与教育规范管理方面的分工职责,探索建立由科研机构、高等院校共建的科教融合学院,实施研究生教育管理工作。改革原则包括:注重发挥科研特长,培养创新能力;突出内涵发展,强调教育规范;强调治理理念下的协同治理与合作治理原则。文章结合治理理论,进一步提出了推进我国科研机构研究生教育体制创新的五点实践路径。文章最后假定把科研机构的研究生教育整体并入合作高校,采用与合作高校“统一招生、统一管理、统一授予学位”的方式进行真正意义上的整合,成立“科教融合共建学院”。本文最主要的创新是从公共治理理论的角度,揭示了我国科研机构研究生体制改革的改革原则。注重发挥科研特长,培养创新能力;突出内涵发展,强调教育规范;强调治理理念下的协同治理与合作治理原则是我国科研机构研究生教育改革基本原则。并基于国内外科研机构体制改革的实践,提出深化我国科研机构研究生教育体制改革的基本内容。明确科研机构“科学研究”的核心定位;明确将科研机构研究生教育划归相应高等院校管理;采取“多元合作”的方式组建科教融合学院;明晰科教融合学院中多元主体的角色定位;构建“协同创新”的科研机构研究生培养环境是我国科研机构研究生教育体制改革的基本路径。对“科教融合共建学院”的系统阐述,是本文最大的特色,也是未来科研机构研究生教育改革较为可行的一个实践途径。
[Abstract]:"Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country". In today's world of increasingly fierce international competition, the focus is the competition of talents. The cultivation of innovative talents depends on education, especially high-end postgraduate education. Training units of graduate education in China is the main universities and research institutes. After the new China established research scientific research institutions of China graduate education has undergone considerable development, has formed a whole large scale, rapid development, training situation of balanced students, become a important unit of new high-level personnel training. However, with the national demand for more and more innovative talents, gradually highlight the problems existing in the education of scientific research institutions in China: lack of policy support, system security is weak; "science and education" collaborative training lag, the chain is not perfect; research Postgraduate curriculum system is not high, the general lack of education, lack of talents; degree of social concern is not high, lack of graduate students. This paper carried out a systematic analysis of these problems, and summarizes the reasons behind the problem exist. In order to solve these problems, this paper focuses on the analysis of the United States, Germany. Research institutions in France, Japan and other countries of the postgraduate education, summarizes its characteristics and experience, summed up the foreign experience for reference and inspiration for Chinese postgraduate education. On this basis, the overall goal and the reform of graduate education system innovation of China's scientific research institutions and principles of clear explanation the definition, combined with the theory of governance, further put forward the practice path of promoting the scientific research institutions of China graduate education system innovation. Finally, the article made a study on the scientific research institutions of graduate education into colleges and universities set up overall cooperation "The idea of the integration of science and education to build a school", and expounds the construction of management system and training mechanism. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the scientific research institutions of China's postgraduate education, according to the characteristics of the development of different, can be divided into "a", "building", "stagnation", "recovery", "norms", "innovation" six stages, the current research institutions graduate training units in the national postgraduate training units accounted for about 40% of the total, but also formed a set of effective training and management system. At present, the research institutions of China graduate education has a series of problems. In the framework of governance theory, the lack of the role of government is the result of policy support, system security is weak, and the reason for the lack of collaborative lag; higher education role is the cause of the curriculum system is not high In the enterprise; the main role of the market is the lack of reasons of lack of talents. The successful experience of foreign cooperative innovation and comprehensive view of "science and education, collaborative innovation" make their respective advantages and characteristics of scientific research institutions and universities and give full play to universities and research institutions innovation unit for all-round, close collaboration multi level, to achieve win-win development, an important concept is consistent with the trend and rule of the development of the times and advanced science and education development mode. The foreign experience has the following four enlightenments for Chinese Postgraduate Education: emphasizing cooperation and open; education reform: to research universities as the main body of the monorail system; management reform: in order to achieve the multi governance research institutions and University of multiparty interaction; Government Reform: access to government policy through cooperation, institutional support. Based on these analysis This paper believes that the overall goal, the innovation of education system of postgraduate scientific research institution of our country is constructed including the government, scientific research institutions, cooperative management system of colleges and universities and the multi subject, the key is to clarify in the cultivation of scientific research ability and education management responsibilities of scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning, explore the establishment by scientific research institutions, science and Education School of higher education and the integration, the implementation of management of graduate education. The reform principles include: pay attention to the scientific research ability, innovation ability training; highlight the connotation development, emphasize the education standard; emphasize collaborative governance and cooperation governance principles of the concept of governance. Based on the theory of governance, further put forward five practical ways to promote scientific research institutions in China the innovation of education system of graduate students. Finally, taking research institutions of education incorporated in the overall cooperation and cooperation with universities, colleges and Universities "Unified enrollment, unified management, unified degree" means the integration of the true meaning of the establishment of "the integration of science and education to build a school. The main innovation of this thesis is from the perspective of public governance theory, reveals the reform of scientific research institution of our country graduate reform principles. Pay attention to the scientific research ability, innovation ability training outstanding; connotation development, emphasize the education standard; emphasize the cooperation governance and co governance principles of the concept of governance is the scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. Based on the basic principles and practice of domestic and foreign research institutions reform, put forward the basic content of deepening scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. Clear the core location of scientific research institutions" scientific research "; the research institutions of Graduate Education under the corresponding management of universities; take" cooperation "to form a Fusion Science Institute; Ming The role of multi subject clear Fusion Science in the college; construction of scientific research institutions in collaborative innovation "training environment is the basic path of scientific research institutions of China graduate education reform. This system of" integration of science and education to build a school ", is the biggest feature of this, but also the future of scientific research institutions of postgraduate education reform is feasible one way to practice.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G643

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