城市社区灾害弹性及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 20:28

  本文关键词：城市社区灾害弹性及其影响因素研究　出处：《华中科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 城市社区 灾害弹性 影响因素 广州

【摘要】：我国幅员辽阔,各类灾害多发。社区是灾害响应的第一现场和基础防线。在社会和经济快速发展的背景下,灾害治理将面临更加复杂和严峻的形势,单一依靠至上而下的政府行政力量难以有效控制灾害影响。近年来,我国城镇化速度加快,城市容量急剧膨胀,如何使人口相对密集的城市社区提高灾害防控能力,成为一项非常紧迫的任务。灾害背景下社区弹性的研究,强调以社区为主体的灾害应对能力构建,对防灾减灾这一系统工程有着重要作用。国外学者在社区灾害弹性研究中已经形成跨学科、多层次、综合性较强的研究成果,但成熟的理论模型和框架非常有限。我国对于社区灾害弹性的研究刚刚起步,目前处于对国外理论进行梳理分析的层面。现实需求和理论拓展成为本研究的主要动机和逻辑起点。本研究以2014年华南地区登革热疫情爆发为背景,对城市中不同社区灾害弹性表现及其影响因素进行探索。首先,通过对登革热疫情重灾区广州、佛山两地相关政府部门和典型社区的田野调查,搜集并分析登革热疫情爆发过程中社区灾害弹性表现的量化数据和质性资料。结果显示在相同或相近初始压力下,不同社区在灾害过程中的弹性表现呈现出较大差异。然后选择三个典型社区进行单案例深度剖析和多案例对比研究,初步获得了社区灾害弹性表现的相关影响因素,为理论研究提供了现实依据。其次,基于扎根理论对田野调查中采集的关键知情者(key informant)深度访谈文本进行分析,通过开放编码、主轴编码、选择编码、理论饱和度检验四大步骤,识别出城市社区灾害弹性影响因素为：社区内的经济资本、社会资本、物理环境、人口特征和制度因素。在此基础之上,构建了城市社区灾害弹性影响因素模型,并进一步通过文献回顾界定了相关变量,将社区灾害弹性界定为包括社区预警响应能力、灾后恢复能力、学习适应能力的能力网络；社区社会资本以社会网络、信任和社区认同为变量；社区经济资本以就业、收入、资产价值、健康保险为变量;社区物理环境以自然环境、建筑环境和基础设施为变量；社区人口特征以教育程度、健康水平、脆弱群体和风险意识为变量；制度因素以政府投入与管理、领导力、社区自治为变量。在此基础之上,提出了本研究的理论假设。然后,基于问卷调查法,借助SPSS和AMOS软件,通过描述性统计分析、信效度检验、相关分析、SEM结构方程模型分析,对城市社区灾害弹性影响因素模型进行了实证检验。结果显示：社区社会资本对社区预警响应、灾后恢复、学习适应能力表现有显著影响;社区经济资本对社区预警响应、灾后恢复、学习适应能力表现有显著影响；社区物理环境对社区灾后恢复能力表现有显著影响；社区人口特征对社区灾后恢复能力表现有显著影响；制度因素对社区预警响应、灾后恢复、学习适应能力表现有显著影响。最后,基于以上研究,给出了若干完善和优化城市社区灾害弹性构建的建议,并根据研究中的不足指出了今后的主要研究方向。本研究以城市社区为对象,以灾害弹性为内容,为我国公共安全与危机管理研究开拓了新的视角。综合实证调研和量化分析的成果,提出我国城市社区灾害弹性影响因素模型,将能更准确的呈现城市社区灾害弹性相关的若干影响因素及其作用机理,提升现有模型的准确性和实用性。深度访谈、案例研究和结构方程模型等质化和量化方法的使用,将丰富社区灾害弹性的研究手段和方法,提升对社区灾害弹性过程的研究水平。
[Abstract]:In our country, all kinds of disasters. The community is the first scene of disaster response and base defense. In the rapid development of economy and society under the background of disaster management will face more complicated and grim situation, relying on a single supreme executive power and the government is difficult to effectively control the impact of disasters. In recent years, China's urbanization speed, the rapid expansion of the capacity of the city, how to make a relatively dense population of city community to improve disaster prevention and control ability, has become a very urgent task. The research background of disaster elastic community, emphasizing the community as the main body of the disaster response capacity building, plays an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation of the foreign scholars in system engineering. Study on elastic community disaster has formed an interdisciplinary, multi-level, comprehensive research results, but the theoretical model and mature framework is very limited. China's community disaster resilience The research has just started, is currently analyzing the level of foreign theory. The practical needs and theoretical development has become the main motivation of this study and the logical starting point. Based on the outbreak of dengue fever outbreak in Southern China in 2014 as the background, the present and the influencing factors of different elastic sheet in City community disaster exploration. Firstly, based on the outbreak of dengue fever the hardest hit Guangzhou, Foshan field investigation between relevant government departments and the typical community, collect and community disaster elastic analysis of dengue fever outbreak in the quantitative data and qualitative data. The result showed that in the same or similar to the initial pressure, the elastic performance of different communities in the process of disaster shows a large difference. Then choose the comparative study analysis of single case depth and multi case of three typical communities, we obtained related factors of community disaster resilient performance, To provide a realistic basis for theoretical research. Secondly, based on the grounded theory of key field investigation in the acquisition of informed (key informant) depth interview, text analysis, encoding through open encoding, select the encoding theory, saturation test spindle, four steps to identify the factors affecting the city community within the community: a disaster resilient economic capital social capital, physical environment, demographic characteristics and institutional factors. On this basis, construct the model of factors of city community disaster resilience, and further through the literature review the definition of relevant variables, the elasticity is defined as including the community community disaster early warning and response capabilities, disaster recovery capabilities, learning ability to adapt to the network of community social capital; based on the social network, trust and community identity as a variable; community economic capital for employment, income, asset value, health insurance for community physical variables; Environment in a natural environment, building environment and infrastructure as a variable; the population of the community features in education, health, vulnerable groups and risk consciousness variables; institutional factors on government investment and management, leadership, community autonomy is variable. On this basis, put forward the theoretical assumptions of this study. Then, based on the questionnaire survey method with the help of SPSS software, and AMOS, through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model of SEM, examines the influence factor model of city community disaster. The results show that the elastic response of community social capital of the community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has a significant impact; in response to community economy the capital of the community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has a significant impact on the community; community physical environment disaster recovery ability significantly influence the existing agency; Population characteristics have significant effect on the performance of community disaster recovery system; response factors on community early warning, disaster recovery, learning adaptability performance has significant effect. Finally, based on the above research, gives some improvement and optimization of city community disaster resilient building proposals, and pointed out the direction of future research according to the problems in the study. In this study, city community as the object, to a disaster resilient content, open up a new perspective for the study of public safety and crisis management in China. Comprehensive analysis of empirical research and quantitative results, proposes the model of influencing factors of China's city community disaster elasticity, will be able to present the city community disaster related effects of some elastic the factors and mechanism of more accurate, upgrade the accuracy and practicability of the model. In depth interviews, case studies and structural equation models of qualitative and quantitative methods. It will enrich the research means and methods of community disaster resilience to improve the research level on the resilience process of community disaster.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D669.3;D632.5
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本文编号：1429944