户籍制度改革对劳动力市场城乡整合影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 14:21

本文关键词： 居住证制度统一户籍劳动力市场城乡整合人力资本全样本指数基准转换回归模型　出处：《浙江大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2014年国务院公布《关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见》,提出取消农业、非农户口之分,建立城乡统一的户口登记制度。2015年第663号国务院令公布《居住证暂行条例》,在全国范围内凡设区的城市建立居住证制度,以居住证为载体,条件性地在流入城市对流动人口赋予公共服务和权利。自此,长期作为城乡分割标志的旧户籍制度宣告结束,以城乡居民权利均等化、公共服务均等化为指导思想的新户籍制度开始实施,这是中国改革上的一件大事,其对城乡生产要素尤其是劳动力要素的配置将产生深远的影响。本文拟就这一户籍制度改革对劳动力市场城乡整合的影响进行理论研究和实证检验,试图回答以下问题:户籍制度的这一改革会以何种机理影响劳动力市场城乡整合;如何影响农村流动劳动力的就业选择;会对农村流动劳动力的工资、社保产生怎样的影响。全文共分七章。第一章为导言。第二章对国内外相关研究文献进行系统梳理,着重介绍户籍制度与劳动力市场城乡整合的相关研究成果。第三章就户籍制度改革对劳动力市场城乡整合产生影响的因素及机理进行理论分析,着重分析制度变迁、人力资本、社会资本对劳动力市场整合的影响。第四章、第五章选取几个劳动力市场评价指标——就业机会、工资水平、社保参与率,对新户籍制度的实际效应进行不同维度的实证检验。第六章为政策建议。最后是本文的研究结论、不足之处和进一步的研究方向。本文的主要研究结论如下:首先,在充分肯定新户籍制度对打破城乡分割,促进公共服务均等化,消除城乡劳动力流动壁垒,减少劳动力市场户籍歧视等方面积极效应的同时,也要看到其作用的局限性。居民身份的城乡分割与劳动力市场分割毕竟是两个不同范畴。在国外成熟的市场经济体制中不存在城乡居民身份等级差异,但仍存在“二元劳动力市场”之分。就中国实际而言,新户籍制度改革对劳动力市场城乡整合的作用受制于四个因素:一是户籍制度改革本身的局限性。不同城市设置了不同的门槛以获得居住证及居住证上捆绑的权益,许多原“农村户口”身份的劳动力难以跨越门槛拥有同样的机会获得迁移目标城市的居住证及相应的权益,户籍制度改革后“形式上平等,实质不平等”依然存在。二是劳动力市场层级性限制。大量原本“农业户口”身份的农村劳动力已经流入二级劳动力市场,从二级劳动力市场向一级劳动力市场仍存在不因户籍制度改革而消除的流动障碍。三是人力资本差异。过去城乡隔离造成的收入差距和仍在持续的城乡有别的公共资源配置政策导致原“农业户口”劳动力人力资本远低于“非农户口”身份的城镇迁移劳动者,导致他们在劳动力市场中处于就业劣势地位。四是社会资本差异。城市户籍人口占据公共资源、公共服务的优势导致其对农村流动劳动力的隔离排斥,使得农村流动劳动力的社会网络趋向低收入阶层化,而低质量的社会网络对他们在劳动力市场中的就业、收入会产生不利影响。这些因素的阻碍作用,不会因户籍制度改革而自动消失。其次,采用转换回归模型对劳动力市场城乡就业机会差异中户籍和人力资本的作用进行检验,实证结果表明:户籍制度改革并不能在就业机会维度立竿见影地促进城乡整合,“形式平等”的户籍和教育依然限制原农村流动劳动力进入一级劳动力市场,城镇劳动者依然垄断了一级部门的就业机会,原农村流动劳动力高比例地处于二级部门;在劳动力市场内部,无论是一级部门还是二级部门内部,城镇劳动者都以绝对的优势占据好的行业和职业类别,原农村流动劳动力则依然蜷缩于差的行业、职业类别中。再次,采用Blinder-Oaxaca分解模型对劳动力市场中城乡工资差异及两大社保——医疗保险、养老保险城乡参与率差异中户籍和人力资本的作用进行检验,实证结果表明:“形式平等”的户籍制度改革在工资维度促进了城乡整合,但没有在社保维度促进城乡整合,人力资本差异几乎成为城镇劳动力和原农村流动劳动力工资差异的唯一因素,而“形式平等”的户籍和人力资本差异都成为城镇劳动力和原农村流动劳动力两大社保参与差异的重要因素。基于以上研究结论,本文提出了进一步完善户籍制度改革,推进劳动力市场城乡整合,改善农村流动劳动力就业地位的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In 2014 the State Council promulgated "on further reform of the household registration system views", proposed the abolition of agricultural and non-agricultural household distinction, establish a unified household registration system in.2015 663rd, the State Council announced the "Provisional Regulations on the residence permit >, districts in the country where the city establish residence permit system to a residence permit as a carrier, conditional in the floating population into the city to give public services and rights. Since then, the old household registration system as a long-term urban-rural split sign came to an end, with equal rights for urban and rural residents, the equalization of public services for the new household registration system began to implement the guiding ideology, this is a major event in China reform, especially the factor of labor the configuration will have a profound impact on the urban and rural production factors. Theoretical research and empirical test of impact of the reform of the household registration system based on integration of urban and rural labor market Experience, trying to answer the following questions: the reform of the household registration system in what will be the influence mechanism of urban and rural labor market integration; how to affect the employment choice of rural labor mobility; the rural labor's wage, to the effect of social security. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter is introduction. The second chapter of the domestic and foreign related the research literature systematically, introduces the related research achievements of the household registration system and the labor market of urban and rural integration. The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration of the influence factors and mechanism, focuses on the analysis of institutional change, human capital, social capital affect the integration of the labor market. The fourth chapter, the fifth chapter several labor market index, jobs, wages, social insurance participation rate, the actual effect of the new household registration system is not the same dimension The empirical test. The sixth chapter is policy recommendations. Finally is the conclusion of this study, further research directions and the shortage. The main conclusions are as follows: first, in full recognition of the new household registration system to break the division between urban and rural areas, promote the equalization of public services, the elimination of urban and rural labor mobility barriers, reduce the labor market household discrimination etc. the positive effect at the same time, should also see its limited function. The division of urban and rural labor market segmentation and the identity of the residents are two different categories. There is no difference in the level of urban and rural residents of foreign mature market economy, but there are still two yuan labor market ". It Chinese actual, new the reform of the household registration system of urban and rural labor market integration is subject to four factors: one is the limitation of the reform of the household registration system itself. Different city set a different threshold In order to obtain a residence permit and residence permit bound the rights, many of the original rural hukou status of labor is difficult to cross the threshold have the same access to transfer target city residence and the corresponding rights and interests, the reform of the household registration system after the formal equality, substantial inequality still exists. The two level of the labor market is limited a large number of agriculture accounts. The identity of the rural labor force already flows into the two stage of labor market, two from the labor market to the level of the labor market is still not flow barriers are eliminated by the reform of the household registration system. The three is the difference of human capital. The income gap between urban and rural isolation caused by the past and are still in the different urban and rural public resources the allocation of policy led to the original "agricultural accounts" human capital is far lower than the "non account" the identity of the urban migrant workers, leading them in the labor market In the employment disadvantage. Four is the difference of social capital. The population of city occupied public resources, public services to the rural labor mobility advantage leads to the isolation of the rural labor movement makes the exclusion, social networks tend to low income, low quality of their social network in the labor market employment, income will be generated adverse effects. These factors hinder the reform of the household registration system, will not automatically disappear. Secondly, the household registration and human capital by switching regression model on the labor market of urban and rural employment opportunities for differences in test, the empirical results show that: the reform of the household registration system is not in the dimension of the immediate employment opportunities to promote urban and rural integration, "the form of equality" the household registration and education still limits the original rural labor mobility into a labor market is still a monopoly of urban workers Department of employment, the original rural labor mobility in high proportion in the two level internal departments; in the labor market, whether it is a department or two departments, urban workers overwhelmingly occupy good industry and occupation categories, the original rural labor mobility is still curled up in a poor industry occupation categories. Again, the Blinder-Oaxaca of urban and rural labor market wage differences in the two social security and medical insurance -- decomposition model of urban and rural pension insurance participation rate of household registration and the difference of human capital in the role of test, the empirical results show that: "the reform of the household registration system form equal" to promote the integration of urban and rural area in the wage dimension, but not in the promotion of urban and rural social security dimensions the integration of human capital differences become almost the only factor of urban labor and raw wage differentials of rural labor mobility, and "formal equality" household registration And the difference of human capital have become an important factor in urban labor and rural labor mobility in two social security differences. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposed to further improve the reform of the household registration system, promote the urban and rural labor market integration, improve the rural labor employment status of the policy recommendations.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2;D631.42

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