“场域—惯习”视角下大学生学习实践研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 23:34

本文选题：大学场域　切入点：学习惯习　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：与传统大学生学习研究大多采取实体性思维方式不同,布迪厄的社会实践理论为我们提供了一个独特的基于关系性思维方式的观察视角。运用“场域”、“资本”、“惯习”和“策略”等开放式概念,本研究形成了关于大学生学习实践的分析框架：将大学生学习视为一种对个体的认知、思维、情感和行动产生持久的、实质的和深远的影响的社会实践活动,即“学习即生活”、“学校即社会”,分析大学场域与外在社会的结构对应关系,探寻大学场域是如何作为关键性的中介环节,来同时发挥社会性变量和个体性变量的作用共同建构大学生学习实践的,从而揭示大学生学习实践的生成性动力机制、运作逻辑及其在社会、历史变迁中的变化机制和演进逻辑,以及大学生的学习实践对个体发展、对社会发展的作用和意义。从工业社会向知识社会的转型,业已成为社会发展的一种客观存在和必然趋势。一种生成的、不确定的建构主义知识观正取代以往普遍的、确定的客观主义知识观,这一变化对人类的认识论也产生了深远的影响。在社会转型的外在支持机制和知识转型的内生动力机制的双重影响下,大学也将朝着知识型和学习型组织的方向演进。无论是知识社会的变迁,还是学习型大学的创设,都意味着人即将成为知识社会和学习型大学中的核心主体。基于此,对未来的大学生学习改革而言,“人的主体性发展”已不再是一个“是否需要”的问题,而是一个“如何实现”的问题。如何建构一种基于大学生主体性发展的学习实践,是当前大学生学习改革中亟待探索的一个“真”问题。从当前我国大学生学习实践的现状来看,大学场域仍然沿袭着与工业社会相对应的科层型结构,这一结构又进一步巩固和强化了大学生在长期制度化学习经历中业已生成的以“顺从”和“服从”为特征的常规性学习惯习,从而不断形塑着他们的应试性学习策略。尽管知识社会的转型以及高等教育大众化进程的加速,在唤醒大学生主体性意识的同时,也导致大学生常规性学习惯习的滞后效应及其所固化的应试性学习策略同知识社会的发展需求之间呈现出一种“不合拍”甚至“脱节”现象。对此,本研究从大学生学习实践的生成性动力机制、演进逻辑出发,结合当前大学生学习实践中存在的问题及原因,来进一步探讨如何在知识社会的转型背景下构建基于大学生的主体性发展的学习型大学场域和反思性学习惯习。本文一共分为六章进行阐述。第一章,导论,介绍了论文选题的缘起和研究意义,在进行文献回顾的基础上提出了本研究的核心概念、研究思路、总体框架、研究方法和可能创新点。第二章分析了大学生学习实践的生成性动力机制。本章力图突破以往大学生学习研究中主客二分的认识论倾向,转向一种综合了“结构主义”路径和“建构主义”路径的社会实践理论,对大学生学习实践的生成机制和变化机制进行全视角的诠释和解读。第三章从社会转型的视角出发,采取了历时性分析和共时性分析相结合的研究路径,通过大学场域的中观介入,探讨社会的结构性变迁与大学生心智结构的生成和变化之间的关系,分析大学生学习实践的发展进程、运作逻辑和演进趋势。第四章借助问卷调查和个案访谈的方式,针对当前大学场域中大学生学习实践的现实境遇,分别进行了描述分析、比较分析和综合考察。第五章在前述理论解读、实践探索和现状分析的基础上,进一步审视和思考制约大学生主体性学习实践和发展的问题以及成因。第六章围绕大学生学习实践研究的基本结论,立足于知识社会转型的背景,结合大学生学习实践的生成性动力机制及其面向未来的研究趋势,尝试构建基于主体性发展的大学生学习实践的现实路径,以期对当前正在进行的大学生学习改革提供可供参考的有益借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the traditional college students' learning studies have taken substantial thinking in different ways, the social practice theory of Bourdieu provides us with a unique perspective of the relationship between the way of thinking. Based on the use of "field", "capital" and "habitus" and "strategy" open concept, this study formed a framework of analysis the practice of College Students' learning: Students' learning as a kind of individual cognition, thinking, emotion and action lasting, substantial and far-reaching influence of social practice, namely "learning is life", "school is society", analysis of the structure of the university field and the external social relationship, to explore the university the field is how to link the key as an intermediary, to play social variables and the individual variables of the common construction of college students to study and practice, so as to reveal the formation of College Students' learning practice Sexual driving mechanism, operation logic and its changing mechanism and evolution logic in the social and historical changes, as well as the role and significance of College Students' learning practice on individual development and social development.
The transition from industrial society to knowledge society, has become a kind of objective existence of social development and the inevitable trend. A generation of Constructivism knowledge uncertainty concept is to replace the previous general knowledge, the concept of objectivism epistemology, the change of human also had a profound impact. The dual influence of dynamic mechanism in the social transformation of the external support mechanism and the transformation of knowledge in the University, will be towards the knowledge and learning organization in the direction of evolution. Both the changes in the knowledge society, or the creation of learning type university, means that people will become the core of social knowledge and learning in the University. Based on this, the future reform of College Students' learning, "subject development" is no longer a "need", but a "how to realize" problem. How to construct a Yu Da base The learning practice of the development of students' subjectivity is a "true" problem that needs to be explored in the current study reform of college students.
From the current situation of China's College Students' learning practice, the university field still followed the hierarchical structure corresponding to the structure of industrial society, and further consolidate and strengthen the college students in long-term institutionalized learning experience has been generated by "obedience" and "subject" as the characteristics of the conventional learning habit, in order to shape the examination of their learning strategy. Despite the accelerated transformation of the knowledge society and the popularization of higher education, in the wake of the students' subjectivity consciousness at the same time, also lead to college students' learning habitus lag effect of conventional and curing test between learning strategies with the development needs of the knowledge society presents a "in" or "out of touch" phenomenon. In this regard, the study of the dynamic mechanism from the practice of college students, the evolution of logical starting, combined with the current college students' learning. Problems and reasons existing in the practice, to further explore how the transformation of knowledge society under the construction of learning university development of College Students' subjectivity of field and habitus based on reflective learning.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter, introduction, introduces the topics of the origin and significance of the study, based on the literature review of the core concepts, the research framework, research ideas, research methods and possible innovations. Chapter second analyzes the college students' learning practice of dynamic mechanism this chapter tries to break through the learning of college students on the tendency of objective and subjective understandings of two points to a comprehensive study, the path of "structuralism" and "constructivism" path theory of social practice, forming mechanism and the changing mechanism of College Students' learning practice are in full view of interpretation and interpretation. The third chapter embarks from the social transformation from the perspective of the research path of diachronic analysis and synchronic analysis unifies, through the concept of university field intervention, explore structural changes and the college students' mental structure of society The relationship between generation and change, analysis of College Students' learning practice development process, operation logic and trend of evolution. The fourth chapter through the questionnaire and interview method, according to the reality of the situation of the current university students to learn and practice in the field, were carried out descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and comprehensive study. In the fifth chapter, the theoretical interpretation. Based on the analysis of the present situation of exploration and practice, to further examine and thinking of restricting college students' subjective learning practice and development problems and causes. The sixth chapter focuses on the basic conclusion of practice of college students, based on the knowledge of the background of social transformation, combined with the practice of the research trend of generative mechanism of learning of college students and for the future, try to construct reality study and practice the path oriented development of college students based on the work in order to reform the current college students can provide A useful reference for reference.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C913.4

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