中国优秀公开级赛艇双桨运动员划桨技术诊断研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 12:25

本文选题：赛艇技术　切入点：驱动力　出处：《上海体育学院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：赛艇是高强度下多次周期性重复的力量-耐力项目。赛艇穿越2000米的赛道大约需要210?240桨,运动员每一个划桨周期技术动作的细微不同会在多次的重复中被放大。艇速是由每一桨划桨效果累加起来的外部表现,因此,每一桨划桨效果都可以被看作是制胜的基础,它取决于划桨技术和技术能力。在运动训练实践中,良好的技术不仅表现在动作外形上,更重要是体现在动作的内在感觉上。一般认为,正确的动作外形能反映运动技术外在的合理性,而动作的“内在力度”才是决定技术优劣的关键。大多数“内在力度”是人类肉眼无法识别的,必须借助一定的科学测试工具,运用正确的测试方法才能获得。赛艇划桨技术指标有上百个,到底哪些指标用来诊断技术的优劣最科学,为什么?教练员的主观经验判断是否科学合理?这些问题都需要通过测试去验证。本研究选取26名国家队公开级赛艇运动员为研究对象,在专家访谈的基础上,运用李克特五级量表进行两轮的专家筛选,运用定量统计法计算各指标权重,构建划桨技术专家诊断体系。采用中科院水上实船运动生物力学测试系统进行实船测试获取多项技术指标,运用探索性因子分析方法、主成分分析法建立基于实船测试的赛艇划桨技术诊断关键指标体系,对照这些指标,运用Croker-ora进行是技术测试。主要结论如下:第一,赛艇划桨技术关键指标确立为:左右手专项能力、拉桨效率、推桨效果、艇速波动、拉桨幅度、推拉比、上下肢发力连贯性、桨叶抓水效果、每桨重复率、左右桨力重复对称率。性别因素并未对关键指标的确立产生明显影响。第二,国家队公开级赛艇双桨运动员的技术类型以B型为主,具体为:11名男子公开级运动员当中,有3人为技术类型A,6人为技术类型B,2人为技术类型C。15名女子公开级运动员当中,有5人为技术类型A,7人为技术类型B,3人为技术类型C。第三,依据划桨技术诊断指标体系,运用实船测试可将运动员技术水平进行分层,具体为:将15名女子赛艇运动员分成四个梯队,第一梯队:YHJ、YWX、JY;第二梯队:LX、WL、WXM、ZM、ZXY;第三梯队:GQQ、GLL、HXY、ZD、ZWP;第四梯队:ZJ、WJ。将男子公开级11名运动员分为三个梯队:第一梯队:SHJ、MJF、SK;第二梯队:ZLJ、WX、AFZ、YDD、YZX;第三梯队:GK、SSW、ZLL。第四,从评测结果来看,拉桨技术环节的整体评测好于回桨阶段。在递增桨频的测试当中,以平均加速度、艇速标准差和艇速波动三个指标为观测点,发现女子公开级运动员的技术好于男子公开级运动员。从划桨技术链的运动顺序看,运动员身体环节的运动顺序是非常好的,但是回桨阶段技术动作的稳定性还需要进一步提高。
[Abstract]:Rowing is a strength-endurance event that is repeated periodically at high intensity. It takes about 210 to cross a 2000-meter track. 240 oars, the subtle differences in the technical movements of each paddle cycle of the athlete are magnified over and over again. The speed of the boat is the external performance accumulated by the paddle effect of each paddle, so, The effect of each paddle can be seen as the basis for winning. It depends on the paddle technique and technical ability. In sports training practice, good technique is not only shown in the shape of the movement, More importantly, it is reflected in the inner feeling of the action. It is generally believed that the correct shape of the action can reflect the rationality of the external movement technology. And the "intrinsic strength" of the action is the key to determining the quality of the technology. Most of the "intrinsic dynamics" cannot be recognized by the human eye, and must be made use of certain scientific testing tools. Using the correct test method can be obtained. Rowing paddle technical indicators have hundreds, in the end, which indicators used to diagnose the best and most scientific technology, why? Is the subjective experience judgment of coaches scientific and reasonable? All these questions need to be tested and verified. In this study, 26 national team open level rowers were selected as the research objects, and two rounds of expert screening were carried out by using the Richter five scale on the basis of expert interviews. The weight of each index is calculated by using quantitative statistical method, and the expert diagnosis system of paddle technique is constructed. Many technical indexes are obtained by using the biomechanical test system of real ship on water under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the method of exploratory factor analysis is used. Principal component Analysis (PCA) is used to establish the key diagnostic index system of rowing paddle technology based on real ship test. Compared with these indexes, Croker-ora is used to carry out the technical test. The main conclusions are as follows: first, The key indexes of rowing technique are as follows: the special ability of left and right hand, the efficiency of paddle, the effect of propeller, the fluctuation of boat speed, the amplitude of pulling oar, the ratio of push to pull, the consistency of the upper and lower limbs, the effect of catching water on the blade, the repetition rate of each oar. The ratio of repeated symmetry of the left and right oars is not significantly affected by gender factors. Second, the technical types of the national team open level rowing and double rowing athletes are mainly type B, specifically among the 11 male open level athletes. There are 3 people as technical type, 6 as technical type, 2 as technical type, 2 as female open level athletes, 5 as technical type, 7 as technical type, and 3 as technical type C. third, according to the diagnostic index system of paddle technology, The technique level of athletes can be divided into four echelons by using real boat test, specifically: 15 women rowers are divided into four echelons, The first echelon: YHJJ YWX JYY; the second echelon, LX: WLX WXMU ZMZXY; the third echelon, GQQQLLHXY; the fourth echelon, ZJG WJ, divided 11 male Open level athletes into three echelons: the first echelon, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the second, the second, the second, ZLJO: WX: YDDYZX; the third echelon, GQQSSWZLL; the third echelon, GKSSSWZLLL. the fourth, judging from the results of the evaluation, is the first echelon, the first echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon. In the test of increasing propeller frequency, three indexes such as average acceleration, standard deviation of boat speed and fluctuation of boat speed are used as observation points. It is found that female open level athletes are better than male open level athletes. Judging from the order of movement of paddle technical chain, the order of movement of athletes' body links is very good. However, the stability of the technical action in the stage of return oar still needs to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.4

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