高校对农村知识溢出机理及溢出绩效研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:20

  本文选题：高校　切入点：农村　出处：《江苏大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：“三农”问题制约着经济的可持续发展和社会的和谐与稳定,是全社会关注的焦点和热点问题。农村建设和发展涉及到农村人才、科学技术、社会服务等方面的深化改革,其中人才是知识的载体,科学技术是现有知识的综合和创造,社会服务涉及知识的流动和吸收等,故“知识”是农村建设和发展的核心要素。高校作为知识的生产者和创新者,服务于农村建设和发展是时代赋予的光荣使命,也是社会主义新农村建设对高校提出的新要求。然而,由于知识属性、吸收能力、接受意愿、制度环境等多方面制约,高校对农村的知识溢出一方面既存在高校的知识供给与农村地区的知识需求的匹配问题,另一面也存在溢出障碍而导致的溢出过程和途径不畅等问题。这些问题的有效解决事关农村建设和发展的进程。鉴于此,本文针对高校对农村知识溢出的独特性和复杂性,综合运用文献分析、结构化访谈、结构方程模型、基于多Agent建模的计算实验等方法,从静态和动态方面探究高校对农村知识溢出的机理,揭示高校对农村知识溢出绩效的影响因素及其作用机理和动态演化规律,提出促进高校对农村知识溢出的政策建议。具体研究工作如下:(1)基于知识溢出理论、人力资本理论和三螺旋理论构建了高校对农村知识溢出的三螺旋模型,运用详实的图表数据从主体视角说明高校对农村知识溢出的独特性和复杂性,对知识溢出的形成过程进行了深入分析,并结合高校职能阐述了高校对农村知识溢出的传导机制。(2)通过对样本地区农村组织(如农民专业合作社、家庭农场、专业大户、乡镇企业、基层政府等)的深度访谈,对获得的150余份访谈录音材料进行分析与编码,聚焦编码得到了知识源、接受方、溢出途径、关联情境和溢出绩效五个类属,采用轴心编码得到了各个类属的亚类属。在此基础上构建了高校对农村知识溢出的概念模型。并针对概念模型中溢出绩效的影响因素,结合文献分析提出了相关假设。(3)在文献分析基础上,结合高校对农村知识溢出路径,就概念模型中的知识源、接受方、关联情境和溢出绩效等变量的测量题项进行了设计;通过预调研及信度和效度分析对初始问卷进行了完善;采用正式调研数据检验了相关因素对溢出绩效的影响。(4)从高校与农村经济组织微观交互的视角出发,运用计算实验方法,模拟了高校对农村知识溢出的动态过程,分析了农村经济组织在不同情境下的行为演化规律。(5)综合理论分析、实证研究及计算实验研究结果,从知识源、知识接受方、溢出环境等层面提出了提升高校对农村知识溢出绩效的具体策略。通过以上工作,得到的主要结论如下:(1)高校对农村知识溢出的形成源于高校的职能和知识外部性,高校作为新技术、新知识的创造者,具有丰富的知识存量,在高校对农村知识溢出的过程中处于主导地位,但其知识溢出绩效不仅受知识源因素(如知识属性、高校创新能力、溢出意愿和高校制度环境等)的影响,还受农村经济组织、农村行政组织的吸收能力以及关联情境等因素的影响。(2)高校对农村知识溢出过程有五个关键因素:第一,知识源的创新能力、溢出意愿以及知识属性本身影响知识溢出效果;第二,接受方的接受意愿、吸收能力、合作经验、合作预期是关键变量;第三,产学研合作、人才培养、管理咨询、技术培训是高校对农村溢出的主要途径;第四,关联情境包括信任、距离、契约完备程度、政策环境等要素;第五,溢出绩效包含立竿见影的有形绩效和潜移默化的无形绩效两方面。(3)知识溢出绩效的影响因素中,知识源的“创新能力”和“溢出意愿”对“有形绩效”和“潜在绩效”有显著正向影响;关联情境中的“工作导向信任”和“政策环境”对“有形绩效”和“潜在绩效”有显著正向影响,而“知识距离”和“文化距离”对“有形绩效”和“潜在绩效”均有显著负向影响;接受方的“吸收能力”、“合作预期”、“合作经验”、“接受意愿”对溢出绩效有积极的促进作用。(4)农村经济组织的知识吸收能力和风险偏好在知识溢出绩效的长期演化过程中具有重要作用。应通过组织农村经济组织学习、引进人才等多种方式提高农村经济组织的知识吸收水平,并关注农村经济组织风险偏好水平的变化。政策扶持情境下,既要通过多种渠道的贷款或融资方式帮助高校服务农村项目的有效实施,又要注意保障合作项目的收益稳定,以吸引更多农村经济组织参与项目,充分利用集体的智慧提高知识溢出效率。
[Abstract]:The "three rural" problems restricting the harmony and stability of the sustainable development of economy and society, is the focus of attention of the whole society. The rural construction and development related to the rural talents, science and technology, deepen the reform of social services and so on, among which the talent is the carrier of knowledge, science and technology is the current knowledge of the comprehensive and creation. Social services related to the flow of knowledge and absorption, so "knowledge" is the core elements of the rural construction and development of the University. As a producer and innovator of knowledge, service to the rural construction and development is the glorious mission entrusted by the times, but also the new requirements of the construction of new socialist countryside puts forward to the college. However, due to intellectual property, absorption ability that willingness to accept, multi institutional environment constraints, universities in rural areas of knowledge spillovers have both a knowledge supply and rural areas in knowledge, knowledge demand The problem, overflow process and way on the other side there is an overflow disorder which causes the poor. To solve these problems effectively related to rural construction and development. In view of this, this article in view of the University of the rural knowledge spillovers and the uniqueness and complexity of the integrated use of literature analysis, structured interviews, structural equation model, Agent model the calculation method based on the experiment, exploring the mechanism of rural university knowledge spillovers from static and dynamic aspects, to reveal the effects of the college on the performance of rural knowledge spillover factors and mechanism and dynamic evolution, put forward to promote the knowledge spillover on rural policy recommendations. Specific studies are as follows: (1) based on the theory of knowledge spillover, human capital theory and three spiral theory constructed three spiral model of knowledge spillover in rural areas, using detailed data from the chart that the subject from the view of agricultural The uniqueness and complexity of the village of knowledge spillovers, the formation process of knowledge spillover is analyzed, and combining with the functions described in the transmission mechanism of rural knowledge spillovers. (2) in the rural areas through the tissue sample area (such as farmer cooperatives, family farms, specialized households, township enterprises, the local government etc.) in depth interviews, analysis and encoding of more than 150 copies of the interview recording material, the focus encoding knowledge source, receiving party, spillover channel Association situation and overflow performance of the five category, the axis of encoding has all types of sub category. On the basis of constructing the conceptual model of knowledge spillover in rural areas the colleges and universities. And aiming at the influencing factors of spillover performance in the conceptual model, combined with literature analysis and put forward relevant assumptions. (3) in the literature on the basis of the analysis, combined with the rural knowledge spillover path concept model The source of knowledge, the receiving party, related situation and spillover performance variables of measurement items were designed; through the pre investigation and analysis of reliability and validity of the initial questionnaire was perfect; using formal survey data to examine the impact of related factors on the overflow performance. (4) starting from high school and micro rural economic organizations from the perspective of interaction, using computational and experimental method to simulate the dynamic process of the rural knowledge spillover, evolution analysis of the behavior of rural economic organizations in different situations. (5) the comprehensive theoretical analysis, empirical research and calculation of experimental results, from the source of knowledge, knowledge of the recipient, environmental and other aspects put forward spillover enhance the concrete strategies of University on the performance of rural knowledge spillovers. Through the above work, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the rural knowledge spillovers originates from the functions of colleges and universities and universities as knowledge externalities. As a new technology, new knowledge creators, with rich knowledge, in Colleges and universities on the dominant position in the process of rural knowledge spillovers, but its performance is not only affected by the knowledge sources of knowledge spillover factors (such as knowledge attributes, university innovation ability, and the system environment will overflow) influence, but also by the rural economic organizations. The effect of absorptive capacity of rural administrative organization and associated factors. (2) the five key factors of the process of Rural Knowledge Spillover: first, the source of knowledge innovation, knowledge spillover intention and attribute itself influence effect of knowledge spillover; second, the recipient's willingness to accept, absorbing ability, experience of cooperation, cooperation is expected to be a key variable; third, research cooperation, personnel training, management consulting, technical training is the main way of rural overflow in universities; fourth, related situations including trust, distance, contract completeness, politics Policy environment; fifth, two aspects of intangible performance spillover performance includes visible performance and immediate influence. (3) the factors affecting knowledge spillover performance, knowledge source of "innovation" and "spillover will have a significant positive effect on" tangible performance "and" performance potential "in the context of relevance;" task oriented trust "and" environmental policy "to" tangible performance "and" performance potential "has a significant positive effect, while the" knowledge gap "and" cultural distance "to" tangible performance "and" performance potential "have significant negative impact; the receiving party's" absorption capacity "," cooperation expectations "." work experience "," willingness to accept "have a positive influence on the overflow performance. (4) the rural economic organization knowledge absorption ability and risk preference plays an important role in the long-term evolution process of knowledge spillover in performance . through the organization of rural economic organization learning, the introduction of talent, a variety of ways to improve rural economic organization knowledge absorption level, and the level of attention to changes in risk preference of rural economic organization. The policy support situation, not only to help the effective implementation of high school serving rural projects through a variety of channels of the loan or financing, pay attention to the protection of stable income cooperation projects, in order to attract more rural economic organizations involved in the project, make full use of collective wisdom to improve knowledge spillover efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647;F320
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本文编号：1671882