基于老年人行为模式的居住环境建构研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:09

  本文选题：老龄化　切入点：行为模式　出处：《天津大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国人口老龄发展严峻的形势是对政府和社会的挑战,我国老龄化具有未富先老、老年人口规模大、空巢老人和长寿老年人人口数量增长速度较快、老龄化发展速度过快的特征。居住环境是人类生存与发展的最根本条件,而老年人对居住环境更加依赖,老年人的身心情感状况、家庭结构、养老和行为模式以及所在城市的发展水平都对老年人的居住环境产生着深远意义的影响和密切的联系。建构适宜老年人的居住环境,是未来我国城市建设发展需要解决的重要难题。论文综合了社会、人口、生理、心理、行为、建筑、规划等多方面的知识,依托老年社会学研究老年人的身体和心理以及行为模式,与建构居住环境内容相结合,具有推动老龄事业发展的重要现实意义。论文首先着眼于较早跨入老龄化社会的日本和西方发达国家,分别从早期老龄化、较早老龄化、较晚老龄化、低程度老龄化对这些国家进行发展脉络的梳理。通过整理日本、美国和瑞典的老年福利保障与居住建筑发展,总结发达国家的老年居住形式基本包括退休住宅、老年人专用住宅、老年人集合住宅、护理之家、服务型住宅、退休之家、持续照料社区、老年护理之家几种主要形式。而由于我国传统观念的影响,退休社区和老年独立住宅等依托于社区以为老年人提供照料服务是较符合中国国情的居住形式。之后对老年人的身体和心理特征进行分析,将老年人按不同年龄阶段、不同居住方式、不同受教育程度、不同身体状况这四个要素分为:轻老年人、中年老年人和长寿老年人;空巢老年人(与配偶),独居老年人,与已婚子女和孙辈同住的老年人;受教育程度较低的老年人、受教育程度一般的老年人和受教育程度较高的老年人;活力老年人(健康的),有障碍但能自理的老年人,有障碍需要护理的老年人(在本研究中不涉及失能老年人)。结合我国老龄化发展的社会背景,分析老年人的就医、休闲、起居和购物的行为模式,结合调查结果阐述不同类型老年人对健康保障环境、无障碍安全环境、智慧环境和购物环境的需求最高。最后通过以老年人行为模式、社会因素架构与居住环境建构三者之间的逻辑关系和相互作用为概念框架。从定性和定量的不同方法分析不同类型老年人的不同行为模式对健康保障环境、无障碍安全环境、社区智慧环境和购物圈层四种环境建构的影响,以及社会客观因素对建构环境的推动或者制约作用,获得最终建构适老化居住环境的策略。
[Abstract]:The austere situation of aging in our country is a challenge to the government and the society. The aging of our country has the characteristics of aging before wealth, large size of the elderly population, rapid growth rate of the number of the empty nest elderly and the long-lived elderly population. The living environment is the most basic condition for human survival and development, and the elderly are more dependent on the living environment, their physical, mental and emotional conditions, family structure, The pension and behavior patterns and the level of development of the city have a profound impact on the living environment of the elderly and have a close relationship, so as to construct a suitable living environment for the elderly. It is an important problem that needs to be solved in the future urban construction and development of our country. The thesis synthesizes the knowledge of society, population, physiology, psychology, behavior, architecture, planning and so on. Relying on the sociology of the elderly to study the physical, psychological and behavioral patterns of the elderly, and combining with the construction of the content of the living environment, Firstly, the thesis focuses on Japan and the western developed countries, which have stepped into the aging society earlier, from the early aging, the early aging, the late aging, the early aging, the early aging, the late aging, the early aging, the early aging and the later aging, respectively. By sorting out the welfare security and residential construction development of the elderly in Japan, the United States and Sweden, the paper concludes that the old age housing forms in developed countries basically include retirement housing. The main forms of special residence for the elderly, collective residence for the elderly, nursing home, service house, retirement home, continuous care community, nursing home for the elderly, and because of the influence of the traditional concept of our country, Retirement communities and independent houses for the elderly, which depend on the community to provide care services for the elderly, are more suitable for the living form of the Chinese national conditions. After that, the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly are analyzed, and the elderly are divided into different age groups. The four factors of different living style, different education level and different physical condition are as follows: light elderly, middle-aged and long-lived elderly, empty nest elderly (living alone with spouse, living with married children and grandchildren); Older persons with a lower level of education, those with average levels of education and those with a higher level of education; older persons who are energetic (healthy, disabled but self-reliant), In this study, the elderly with disabilities were not involved in the study. According to the social background of aging development in China, the behavior patterns of seeking medical treatment, leisure, living and shopping were analyzed. Combined with the results of the survey, it is expounded that different types of elderly people have the highest demand for the health protection environment, the barrier-free safe environment, the intelligent environment and the shopping environment. The logical relationship and interaction between the social factor structure and the construction of the living environment are the conceptual framework. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different behavior patterns of different types of the elderly on the health protection environment, barrier-free safe environment, from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different types of elderly people, The influence of four kinds of environment construction of community intelligence environment and shopping circle as well as the influence of social objective factors on the construction of environment and the strategies of constructing suitable aging living environment were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D669.6
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本文编号：1679073