《资本论》与人类解放的现实道路

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:35

  本文选题：《资本论》 + 现实道路　； 参考：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,在关于马克思主义的研究当中,越来越多的学者认为,马克思主义所揭示的人类解放的现实道路,集中地体现在《资本论》。这样的看法作为一种“结论”,同时也构成了本论文的“立足点”或“基本观点”。但是,作为“基本观点”的这一“结论”,只是道出了作为“结果”的真相,它还不是“真理本身”。在到达结果之前,“内容的自我展开过程”才是真理本身。围绕着上述基本观点,展开对《资本论》所揭示的人类解放的现实道路的寻求,亦即通过对现实道路的“出发点”、“主线”和“归宿”进行追问,对商品的内在矛盾、资本运动逻辑与人类解放逻辑的关系、《资本论》所开显的共产主义等一系列重要问题进行解答,使人类解放的现实道路中那些丰富而具体的内容自在自为地呈现出来,从而用必然性的论证合理地支持上述结论。这是本论文的根本目的所在。全文结构如下:第一章,从总体上把握《资本论》与人类解放的现实道路的关系。之所以说《资本论》是理解马克思所揭示的人类解放现实道路的根本路径,是因为它通过对资本主义社会暨资本主义政治经济的批判、对资本主义社会意识形态暨资本主义政治经济学的批判,以及蕴含在这两种批判之中在生存论意义上对人的存在方式及其命运的批判,实现了对解放的现实道路的揭示。由于马克思的其他著作并没有像这样较为完整地批判资本主义,也就是没有较为系统地对现实道路进行过揭示,所以唯有《资本论》,才是理解解放的现实道路的根本路径。第二章,商品概念作为整部《资本论》的出发点或开端,构成了解放的现实道路中第一个必然性的环节或环节的必然性。斯密和李嘉图的劳动价值论对马克思商品概念的最终形成产生过重要影响。通过对二者的扬弃,《资本论》不仅发现了商品二因素及其所蕴含的劳动二重性,而且还通过商品的价值形式发现了资本主义经济关系中的拜物教形式。拜物教使个人受商品、货币和资本统治,反映出了人之间的关系被物之间的交换关系所掩盖的社会现实,表征着人与人之间的不平等和非正义的社会关系,预示着资本主义社会中人们道德伦理的丧失。第三章,从资本运动逻辑到人类解放逻辑的运动是本论文的主体部分。在《资本论》中,马克思对人类解放的现实道路的寻求,一方面是通过对以剩余价值的生产、实现、分配等为主要内容的资本逻辑运动的揭示,去进一步探索和确证资本逻辑自我否定的本性和资本主义经济危机的根据。主要表现为由价值规律与剩余价值规律的潜在矛盾所导致的经济危机的可能性;由价值规律与剩余价值规律的综合过程所导致的经济危机从可能性向现实性的转变;由价值规律与剩余价值规律所导致的经济危机必然发生的历史必然性;以及由金融资本主义所导致的现代经济危机。另一方面,《资本论》又通过这种揭示,使人进一步意识到自己的自由自觉本性和“自身解放的条件”,从而展开无产阶级的阶级斗争。《资本论》不仅从现实中叙述了无产阶级及其斗争的历史事实,而且还使无产阶级范畴及其斗争学说具有建构性,这就为后来的西方马克思主义者进行“革命主体的重新界定”留下了充分的理论空间和实践空间。资本运动的内涵逻辑与人类解放运动的内涵逻辑的否定性统一关系指向了人类解放现实道路的主线。其中,资本主义经济关系及其所导致的生产过剩的经济危机,是无产阶级在现实历史中进行阶级斗争的基本物质条件,而无产阶级的阶级斗争又是资本主义经济关系自我否定和自我瓦解的政治形式;因而,人类解放逻辑必须是资本运动逻辑的内在超越和自我否定的力量。第四章,《资本论》对共产主义进行了开显。马克思在《资本论》中对未来共产主义社会进行了预示和叙述,这些预示和叙述反映出,马克思在探讨共产主义时,其理论旨趣在于从“批判旧世界中发现新世界”。《资本论》重点在于把共产主义理解为批判资本主义的共产主义运动。作为一项运动和“一个否定性的过程”的共产主义,它既是马克思的一种“伦理理想”,又是他的“本体论承诺”,同时也是人类解放逻辑的最现实的实现过程。这三个方面共同构筑了对科学共产主义的本质性内涵的理解。围绕前面的基本观点,本论文还力图从展现马克思科学逻辑(事实维度)的最重要理论著作《资本论》中,去重新挖掘其人本逻辑(价值维度)。只有在两种理论视角的真正否定性统一关系之中,才有可能去发现一个完整的马克思,而不是发现一个有所偏废的马克思。因此,从整体结构上看,第一章到第四章的变化体现了从事实维度(科学逻辑)向价值维度(人本逻辑)转化的过程;而深入到每一章的具体内容中,也力图体现出上述转化原则。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the research on the Marx doctrine, more and more scholars believe that the realistic path of human liberation theory of Marx reveals, is mainly embodied in the "capital. Such views as a" conclusion ", but also constitutes the" foothold "or" basic point "but. As the basic point of view," the "conclusion", just as a "results" of the truth, it is not truth itself. "At the results before," self expansion process "is the truth itself. Around the basic point of view, seek the realistic road of human liberation < > to reveal the capital, which is through the" starting point "of the realistic Road," main line "and" home "for questioning, internal contradictions of the commodity and the relationship between capital and human liberation movement logic logic," Das Kapital " To answer a series of important problems which manifests the communism, the realistic path of human liberation in those rich and specific content and free manner, so as to properly support the above conclusion by demonstrating the necessity of. This is the fundamental purpose of this thesis. The thesis is structured as follows: the first chapter, to grasp the relationship < > capital and human liberation road reality on the whole. The reason that capital is the fundamental path of understanding < > the realistic path of human liberation Marx revealed, because it is based on the criticism of capitalist society and capitalist political economy, ideology critique to the capitalist society and capitalist political economy, as well as contained in the two a critique in existential sense of human existence and destiny of criticism, realized on the road to reveal the real liberation. Because of Marx's He does not like this book thoroughly criticize capitalism, is not systematically on the road to reveal the reality, so only the < > is the fundamental path of capital, to understand the real road of liberation. In the second chapter, the concept of goods as the "capital > the starting point or the beginning of a necessity the first real necessary link in the liberation of the road or link. Smith and Ricardo's labor theory of value of Marx in the final formation of commodity concept has had a significant impact. Through the sublation of the two," not only found the duality of labor capital > two factors of goods and it contains, but also through the form of commodity value the discovery of the capitalist economic relations in the form of fetishism. The individual commodity fetishism, currency and capital rule, reflects the relationship between people covered by the exchange relationship between The social reality, representing the human inequality and injustice of social relations, indicates that the loss of people's moral ethics in capitalist society. In the third chapter, from the capital logic to the logic of human liberation movement movement is the main part of this thesis. In "Das Kapital", Marx on the real road of human liberation seek, hand is through the realization to the production of surplus value, and reveals the logic of capital movement distribution as the main content, to further explore and confirm the capital logic of self denial and nature of the capitalist economic crisis. According to the possibility of resulting potential contradictions mainly shown by the law of value and surplus value rule of the economic crisis the change caused by the integrated process; the law of value and surplus value rule of the economic crisis from possibility to reality; the law of value and surplus value rule The historical inevitability caused by the economic crisis is inevitable; and modern economic crisis caused by financial capitalism. On the other hand, < > and capital through the reveal make people more aware of their own nature of freedom and consciousness "and the conditions for their own liberation", thus the proletarian class struggle. Not only from the capital. In reality the struggle of the proletariat and its historical facts, but also makes the proletarian struggle theory category and constructive, this was the western Marx doctrine of "new revolution subject" left sufficient space theory and practice space. The negative connotation of unity between the logic of capital movement logic and human connotation the main point to the liberation movement of the real road of human liberation. Among them, the capitalist economic relations and the overproduction of the The economic crisis is the basic material conditions of the proletarian class struggle in the reality of history, and the proletarian class struggle is the capitalist economic relations of self denial and self disintegration of political form; therefore, human liberation is inherent logic must go beyond the capital movement logic of self denial and power. In the fourth chapter, the capital of < >. Show of communism. Marx in "Das Kapital > of communism in the future were predicted and described, and that these narratives reflect, Marx in the discussion of communism, the theory purport is from" criticizing the old world "to find a new world. Focus on capital > he understood communism as communism criticism capitalism. As a sport and a" negative "communism, an" ethical ideal "it is Marx, and his "Ontological commitment", the implementation process is also the most realistic logic of human liberation. These three aspects together to build the scientific communism of the nature of the understanding of basic ideas. Around the front, this paper also tries to show Marx the scientific logic (fact dimension) is the most important theory works < > in Das Kapital to this person, mining logic (value dimension). Only in two from the perspective of true negative unity relations, it is possible to find a complete Marx, rather than find a somewhat neglected Marx. Therefore, from the overall structure, the change of the first chapter to the fourth chapter reflects the from the fact dimension (scientific logic) to the value dimension (the logic) conversion process; and further to the specific content of each chapter, it tries to reflect the transformation principle.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A811
，

本文编号：1749564