非政府组织的行政主体地位研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 13:07

  本文选题：非政府组织 + 行政主体地位　； 参考：《南昌大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：作为一种新兴社会现象,非政府组织成为了各类学术研究的共同话题,也导致了空前的争议。反思传统的行政法学体系可以看出,非政府组织的公共行政占据了现代公共行政的重要比例,并呈现出日益上升的趋势。非政府组织之勃兴使传统行政主体理论遭遇重重困境,要突破这一困境则需要通过变革传统行政主体理论去容纳现实中非政府组织参与公共行政的现象。行政法上的非政府组织是指不以营利为目的,除国家机关(以行政机关为代表)、事业单位、经济组织以外提供公共产品和服务的所有社会组织,其典型形态包括社会团体、行业组织和民办非企业单位。非政府组织是一种现代新型行政主体,不仅要强调其与政府之间的合作关系,还要凸显其与政府之间的制约关系。从目前的情况看,作为行政主体的非政府组织已拥有规范制定权、公共事务管理权、非法律惩罚权和争议解决权等多项公共行政权力。因此,从立法、执法、司法和守法层面对非政府组织行使公共行政权力进行法律监督在当下中国显得尤为必要。我们的基本观点是,今后的理论和实践可考虑从制定非政府组织基本法、推行以专门管理和分类管理为基础的行政管理体制、确立通过行政诉讼的司法监督方式、健全非政府组织自律管理制度等四个角度入手去完善我国非政府组织的法律监督。全文除了“导论”和“结论与展望”以外,分为五章。第一章是对非政府组织兴起与行政主体理论变革之间的内在关系的分析。本章首先分析了非政府组织兴起的现实背景——新公共管理运动、理论基础——“公民社会”、“法团主义”和“治理理论”以及非政府组织在行政法领域产生的必然性。其次,揭示了传统行政主体理论在面对事实上的非政府组织公共行政行为时所遭遇的“一元性的理论和多元化的现实之间的脱节”的内在矛盾。最后,则提出了变革行政主体理论的基本框架,即把行政主体确立为两类三种:两类是指国家行政主体和社会公共行政主体,三种是指作为职权性行政主体的行政机关、作为授权性行政主体的法律、法规授权的组织,作为自治性行政主体的非政府组织。第二章是非政府组织的基本理论。本章考察了非政府组织与相关近似概念之间的关系后指出,行政法上的非政府组织是指不以营利为目的,除国家机关(以行政机关为代表)、事业单位、经济组织以外提供公共产品和服务的所有社会组织,其典型形态包括社会团体、行业组织和民办非企业单位。本章分析了非政府组织在法律属性上所具有的双重性和复合性,同时论述了行政法上非政府组织所具有的四个法律特征,即非政府性、非营利性、自治性和公益性。本章还对非政府组织的制度功能进行了重点阐述。这些功能具体包括:第一,践行参与式治理模式,推进行政民主化进程;第二,克服“双重失灵”,提升公共行政效率;第三,疏导化解矛盾,构建和谐社会。第三章是非政府组织行政主体地位的确立。本章主要从“行政主体——行政相对人”二元框架出发去分析和讨论非政府组织行政主体地位确立的法理依据和非政府组织在传统行政法中的角色定位,最后则明确指出非政府组织在现代行政法上是一种新型行政主体。本章强调,作为行政主体的非政府组织在具体行政法律体系中的地位和作用主要是通过其与政府组织之间的行政法律关系所体现出来的,这具体包括政府组织与准政府组织之间的合作关系,以及准政府组织与政府组织之间的制约关系两方面。第四章是非政府组织公共行政权力的提出。本章首先论述了非政府组织公共行政权力提出的法治意义,并指出非政府组织行使公共行政权力主要有两种形式,即外部行政行为和内部行政行为。在此基础上,本章指出公共利益是非政府组织公共行政权力生成的理论依据;法律法规授权、行政委托、内部契约让渡、法律确权是非政府组织公共行政权力的主要来源渠道;非政府组织公共行政权力中的授权委托性公共行政权力在性质上属于国家权力范畴,而其中的自治性公共行政权力属于社会权力范畴。最后,本章论述了非政府组织公共行政权力的四个基本形态,即规范制定权、公共事务管理权、非法律惩罚权和争议解决权。第五章是对非政府组织行使公共行政权力的法律监督。本章首先指出目前我国非政府组织法律监督的现状主要体现在以下四个方面:一是非政府组织基本法的缺失导致立法监督缺位;二是既有的行政管理体制极易造成监管重叠或缺位;三是司法审查机制不完善致使司法监督难以有效实施;四是自律管理方式不健全导致守法监督流于形式。随后,本章在考察世界各国尤其是俄罗斯对非政府组织法律监督情况的基础上指出,我国应当吸收和借鉴其中的有益经验和做法。最后,则指出要从制定非政府组织基本法、推行以专门管理和分类管理为基础的行政管理体制、确立通过行政诉讼的司法监督方式、健全非政府组织自律管理制度等四个角度入手去完善我国非政府组织的法律监督。
[Abstract]:As a new social phenomenon, non-governmental organizations have become the common topics of various academic studies and have led to unprecedented disputes. Reflecting on the traditional administrative law system, it can be seen that the public administration of non-governmental organizations occupies an important proportion of modern public administration and presents an increasing trend. The traditional administrative subject theory is confronted with many difficulties. To break through this dilemma, the traditional administrative subject theory should be changed to accommodate the participation of non-governmental organizations in the public administration. The non-governmental organizations in the administrative law refer to the state organs (represented by the administrative organs), institutions and economic organizations, which are not for profit. All social organizations providing public goods and services, which typically include social groups, industry organizations and private non enterprise units. NGOs are a modern new type of administrative body, not only to emphasize the relationship between them and the government, but also to highlight the constraints between the government and the government. The non-governmental organizations of the political subject have a number of public administrative powers, such as the standard of formulation, the management of public affairs, the right of non legal punishment and the right to settle disputes. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to exercise legal supervision from the legislative, law enforcement, judicial and law-abiding layers to exercise public administrative power in the face of non-governmental organizations. In the future, the theory and practice can consider the legal supervision of the non-governmental organizations from four angles, such as the establishment of the basic law of non-governmental organizations, the implementation of the administrative system based on special management and classification management, the establishment of judicial supervision through administrative litigation and the improvement of the self-discipline management system of non-governmental organizations. Apart from "Introduction" and "conclusion and prospect", it is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the analysis of the internal relationship between the rise of non-governmental organizations and the theoretical change of the administrative subject. This chapter first analyzes the realistic background of the rise of non-governmental organizations, the new public management movement, the theoretical basis, "civil society", "corporatism" and " The theory of governance and the inevitability of non-governmental organizations in the field of administrative law. Secondly, it reveals the inherent contradiction between the "one dollar theory and the disintegration of diversified realities" encountered by the traditional administrative subject theory in the face of the factual non-governmental organizations' public administration behavior. Finally, it puts forward the reform of the administrative subject principle. The basic framework of the theory is to establish the administrative subject as three kinds of two categories: the two category refers to the state administrative subject and the social public administration body, the three means the administrative organs as the authority administrative body, the law authorized by the authorized administrative body, the non governmental organization as the autonomous administrative subject. The second chapter is the non-government. The basic theory of organization. This chapter examines the relationship between non-governmental organizations and related approximate concepts, and points out that the non-governmental organizations in administrative law refer to all social organizations that provide public goods and services except for the purpose of profit, except for the state organs (represented by the administrative organs), institutions and economic organizations. Social organizations, industry organizations and private non enterprise units. This chapter analyses the dual and complex characteristics of non-governmental organizations in legal attributes, and discusses four legal characteristics of non-governmental organizations in administrative law, namely, non-governmental, non profit, autonomy and public welfare. This chapter also provides the institutional functions of non-governmental organizations. These functions include: first, practicing the participatory governance model, promoting the process of administrative democratization; second, overcoming "double failure", improving the efficiency of public administration; third, dredging the contradictions and building a harmonious society. The third chapter is the establishment of the status of the administrative subject of non-governmental organization. This chapter mainly from "the administrative subject" The two yuan framework of administrative relative is the legal basis for the analysis and discussion of the establishment of the status of the administrative subject of non-governmental organizations and the role of non-governmental organizations in the traditional administrative law. Finally, it is pointed out that the non-governmental organization is a new administrative subject in the modern administrative law. This chapter emphasizes the non government as the main body of administration. The position and function of the organization in the specific administrative legal system is mainly reflected by the administrative legal relationship between the organization and the government organization, which includes two aspects: the cooperative relationship between the government organization and the quasi government organization, and the restrictive relationship between the quasi government organization and the government organization. The fourth chapter is the non-governmental organization. This chapter first discusses the significance of the rule of law in the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, and points out that there are two main forms of the exercise of public administrative power by non-governmental organizations, namely, the external administrative act and the internal administrative act. On this basis, this chapter points out that the public interest is the generation of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations. The theoretical basis, the authorization of the laws and regulations, the administrative entrustment, the transfer of the internal contract, the legal right of confirmation are the main sources of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, and the authorised public administrative power in the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations belongs to the category of state power in nature, and the autonomy of the public administrative power belongs to the social right. Finally, this chapter discusses the four basic forms of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, namely, the right to regulate, the management of public affairs, the right of non legal punishment and the right to settle disputes. The fifth chapter is the legal supervision of the exercise of the power of the public administration by non-governmental organizations. The chapter first points out the present legal supervision of non-governmental organizations in China. The form is mainly embodied in the following four aspects: first, the lack of the basic law of non-governmental organizations leads to the absence of legislative supervision; the two is that the existing administrative system can easily cause superposition or absence of supervision; the three is that the judicial review mechanism is not perfect and the judicial supervision is difficult to be effectively implemented; and the four is that the law of self law management is not perfect and the supervision of law-abiding is flowing into the form. Then, on the basis of examining the legal supervision of non-governmental organizations in all countries, especially in Russia, this chapter points out that our country should absorb and draw on useful experiences and practices. Finally, it points out that the basic law of non-governmental organizations should be formulated and the administrative system based on special management and classification management should be carried out. We should improve the legal supervision of China's non-governmental organizations through the following four angles: the judicial supervision of administrative litigation and the improvement of the self-regulation system of non-governmental organizations.

【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D632.9
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本文编号：1773215