生态文明教育的新媒体途径研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 01:09

  本文选题：生态文明教育 + 新媒体　； 参考：《中国地质大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：建设生态文明是我国重要的战略任务之一,它不仅是实现“美丽中国”的必然选择,也是化解生态风险,实现人类可持续发展必经之路。中国高度重视生态文明建设,将其纳入到“五位一体”的总体战略布局,生态文明建设的重要地位得到凸显。建设生态文明,教育先行。生态文明教育是为了实现人与环境、人与自然、人与社会和谐,推进生态文明建设,实现“中国梦”而进行的全民实践教育活动。对公民进行生态文明教育,就是要让公民掌握生态文明知识,形成符合生态文明建设需要的生态文明价值观和态度,提高公民的生态文明技能,养成生态文明行为。由此可见,生态文明教育是服务于中国现实需要和长远发展需要的必然选择。日新月异的新媒体,不仅改变了信息传播的格局,而且广泛“卷入”中国社会的金融、教育、医疗等领域,并对社会生活产生了深远的影响。在生态文明建设的背景下,新媒体被广泛应用于生态文明宣传教育中,而且通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育已经得到国家层面的认可。新媒体为生态文明教育提供了平台,也为推进生态文明建设提供了契机。本论文从生态文明建设实际和新媒体发展现状出发,通过对环境教育理论、生态文明理论以及媒体教育功能等相关文献的回顾,总结和借鉴已有研究成果,深入研究生态文明教育、生态文明教育途径、新媒体等核心概念的含义,和生态文明教育的新媒体途径的含义与特征。在此基础上,建构本研究的理论框架。思想政治教育理论中的生态教育与媒体应用理论、媒介功能理论、可持续发展教育理论和生态文明建设理论是本研究的理论来源。以环境教育理论、中国传统生态思想、马克思恩格斯生态思想及生态文明建设理论为支撑,提出以生态文明知识、生态文明观念、生态文明态度、生态文明技能和生态文明行为为主要内容的生态文明教育内容体系。本论文提出,生态文明教育主体是政府、环境保护组织(简称“环保组织”)、企业、公民自身,以及学校。新媒体作为信息发布的平台,并不能成为生态文明教育的主体,这是因为新媒体信息的内容受到新媒体所有者的控制。本论文明确了新媒体在政府、环保组织、企业、公民、学校等主体开展的生态文明教育中的作用,以及通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育的原则。通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育的过程,本质上是生态文明教育主体通过新媒体传播生态文明相关信息,对新媒体用户产生影响的过程。本论文借鉴新闻传播学中的“5W”模式,对生态文明教育的新媒体途径进行研究。通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育,应先了解新媒体上生态文明相关信息的呈现情况,即生态文明教育的主体(Who)通过新媒体(In Which Channel)向新媒体使用者(To Whom)呈现了哪些与生态文明教育相关的信息(Say What),以及这些信息对新媒体用户产生了哪些影响(With What Effect)。其中的生态文明教育主体(Who)在第三章中论述。本论文通过案例研究和调查研究,对其余四个“W”进行研究,了解生态文明教育的新媒体途径应用现状。除了“5W”,本论文还讨论了“1H”,即新媒体中的生态文明信息是如何(How)建构的。其中第四章案例研究部分,以微信为个案,选取政务、环保组织、企业、媒体共四个类型的绿色微信公众号进行研究。采用内容分析方法对绿色微信公众号中的生态文明信息内容、形式及结构进行研究。第五章调查研究采用访谈和发放调查问卷的方法,对公民的生态文明素质、网络生态文明使用与公民生态文明素质之间的关系,以及网络生态文明使用的影响因素进行研究。本论文以微信为例进行案例研究,是因为微信是目前中国流行的新媒体形式之一,集中体现了新媒体的特征,并且可以实现多重新媒体形式的融合。微信绿色公众号是以传播生态文明信息为主的公众号,对微信绿色公众号中的生态文明信息为对象进行内容分析,可以在一定程度上反映出新媒体上生态文明相关信息的大体情况。对微信信息如何(How)被组织部分的研究应用了框架理论。样本采用分层抽样的方法抽取,共获得从2015年3月至2015年9月期间的636份样本。研究微信信息的议题分布、重点内容、教育因素、框架建构和表现形式等。该部分是从生态文明教育主体和生态文明教育内容两个角度了解通过新媒体途径进行的生态文明教育的现状。研究发现,绿色微信公众号对生态环境质量、生态环境信息、污染物信息、环保产业与科技信息议题的关注较少；在内容上,重实践轻理论,重价值轻知识与技能；微信公众号中文化内容涉及较少,对公众参与的关注程度不高;发展是绿色微信公众号普遍的价值诉求,且各微信公众号均体现出明显的态度倾向。信息表达上,微信内容的框架建构不足,表现形式单一,延展性差。调查研究采用访谈和发放问卷的方法,了解受访者生态文明素质水平、通过新媒体途径进行的生态文明教育的现状及影响因素、生态文明教育的新媒体途径与受访者生态文明素质水平的相关性。问卷中对生态文明知识的调查采用单项选择题,对生态文明意识、生态文明行为、新媒体生态文明使用及影响因素的调查,则采用了5级量表。调查采用“滚雪球”抽样,共回收问题卷1028份,有效问卷960份,有效率93.3%。研究发现,受访者生态文明素质整体水平较高；生态文明知识方面,自然科学知识得分较高,而相关公共政策知识得分较低；生态文明意识较高,但责任意识强弱差距大,人类中心主义影响仍存在；生态文明行为方面,个人参与得分较高,社会参与得分偏低。本研究考察了四种形式的网络生态文明使用行为：信息获取、网上互动、网络表达和网上参与。研究发现,受访者的网络生态文明使用行为较多,其中不同性别的受访者在网上互动、表达和参与方面有显著差异,不同收入水平的受访者网络生态文明使用有显著差异。对网络生态文明使用与生态文明素质之间的相关性分析表明,网络生态文明使用对生态文明知识无显著影响,对生态文明行为影响显著。网络信息获取和网络表达与生态文明意识之间存在显著相关性；除了网络表达以外,其他形式的网络生态文明使用行为都对整体的生态文明素质有影响。本研究中假设的感知易用性、感知有用性、使用愉悦感和自我效能感四个因素对网络生态文明使用的影响均得到了证实。生态文明教育的新媒体途径中存在的问题,对新媒体使用者的生态文明素质水平以及新媒体生态文明使用是有影响的。第一个问题是生态文明教育的新媒体路径存在重过程轻效果,这致使新媒体难以对使用者的生态文明知识增长有促进作用。不仅如此,缺乏对教育效果的关注也导致新媒体生态文明使用与受访者生态文明意识和行为的相关性不太强。新媒体中存在的知识呈现不平衡现象,是导致受访者对生态文明不同方面知识水平有较大差异的可能原因之一,如新媒体中法律、法规知识偏少与受访者生态文明法律知识缺乏之间存在可能的相关性。同时,新媒体信息对公众参与内容的呈现不够,这与受访者的公共生态文明行为较少之间也存在一定的联系。第二个问题是生态文明教育的新媒体途径重实践轻文化传承。新媒体中呈现了大量生态文明实践相关的信息,对生态文化相关内容的呈现却比较少。生态文化是生态文明教育的重要内容,对整个社会的生态文明氛围营造,生态文明风尚的形成有引领作用。新媒体中生态文化的缺乏,难以形成对新媒体使用者的文化熏陶,这是受访者更注重生态文明个人行为,对生态文明建设的“公益性”认知不足的可能原因。第三个问题是生态文明教育的新媒体途径重内容轻信息组织。采用框架理论对绿色微信公众号研究发现,微信信息在框架构建方面存在严重不足。另外,微信存在信息表现形式单一,信息延展性差,不善于利用媒介融合、大数据等技术手段等问题。这些都影响使用者对新媒体生态文明相关信息的易用性感知、有用性感知,以及新媒体使用愉悦感和自我效能感,进而影响通过新媒体途径进行的生态文明教育的效果。这些内在的关联能够较好地解释第五章中发现的生态文明素质与新媒体生态文明使用之间的相关性较低这一结论。本论文提出通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育的提升战略和不同主体利用新媒体进行生态文明教育的策略。通过新媒体途径进行生态文明教育的提升战略包括：主体体系战略、信息内容提升战略和信息传播方式提升战略。利用新媒体进行生态文明教育,政府应当：把握方向,善于发生；整合力量,汇集民智；完善通道,提供保障。环境保护组织应当：加强自律,扩大影响力；强化公益意识,提高亲和力；提升传播力,搭建平台。企业应当：明确责任,树立形象；充实内容,积极行动。公民应当：明确角色,树立自信；加强学习,提升能力；回归理性,有效参与；学校应当：丰富内容,传承文化；转变方式,注重渗透。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization is one of the important strategic tasks of our country. It is not only the inevitable choice to realize the "beautiful China", but also the only way to dissolve the ecological risk and realize the sustainable development of mankind. China attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization, and puts it into the overall strategic layout of the "five in one" and the important position of the construction of ecological civilization. The education of ecological civilization is to realize human and environment, human and nature, harmony between human and society, promote the construction of ecological civilization and realize the "Chinese dream". The education of ecological civilization for citizens is to make citizens master the knowledge of ecological civilization and form conforms to the students. The ecological civilization values and attitudes needed by the construction of state civilization, improve citizens' ecological civilization skills and develop ecological civilization behavior. Thus, ecological civilization education is an inevitable choice to serve the needs of Chinese reality and long-term development. The new media not only changes the pattern of information dissemination, but is widely "involved". In the context of the construction of ecological civilization, the new media has been widely used in the publicity and education of ecological civilization, and the ecological civilization education has been recognized at the national level by the new media approach. The new media provides the ecological civilization education. The paper provides an opportunity to promote the construction of ecological civilization. This paper, starting from the actual situation of ecological civilization construction and the development of new media, summarizes and draws lessons from the existing research results through the review of the theory of environmental education, the theory of ecological civilization and the function of media education, and deeply studies the ecological civilization education and ecological civilization teaching. On the basis of this, the theoretical framework of ecological education and media application in Ideological and political education theory, the theory of media function, the theory of sustainable development education and the theory of ecological civilization construction are the research of this study. Based on the theory of environmental education, Chinese traditional ecological thought, Marx and Engels's ecological thought and the theory of ecological civilization construction, it puts forward the content system of ecological civilization education based on the knowledge of ecological civilization, the concept of ecological civilization, the attitude of ecological civilization, the skills of ecological civilization and the behavior of ecological civilization. The main body of ecological civilization education is the government, the environmental protection organization ("environmental protection organization"), the enterprise, the citizen itself, and the school. The new media can not be the main body of the ecological civilization education. This is because the content of the new media information is controlled by the new media owners. This theory is sure that the new media is in the government. The role of environmental protection organizations, enterprises, citizens, schools and other subjects in ecological civilization education, as well as the principles of ecological civilization education through new media channels. The process of ecological civilization education through new media channels is essentially the information of ecological civilization by the main body of ecological civilization through the new media, and the new media users This paper uses the "5W" model in journalism and communication to study the new media way of ecological civilization education. Through the new media approach to ecological civilization education, we should first understand the presentation of the information related to the ecological civilization in the new media, that is, the main body of the ecological literacy education (Who) through the new media (In Which Chan). Nel) what information (Say What) related to ecological civilization education (Say What) is presented to new media users (Say What) and what effects these information have on new media users (With What Effect). The main body of ecological civilization (Who) is discussed in the third chapter. This paper is discussed in the case of case study and investigation and the other four "W". In addition to "5W", this paper also discusses the "1H", that is, how the information of ecological civilization in the new media is constructed (How). In this paper, the fourth part of the case study, taking WeChat as a case, selects four types of green WeChat public, government, environmental organizations, enterprises and the media. The content analysis method is used to study the content, form and structure of ecological civilization information in green WeChat public number. The fifth chapter investigates the relationship between citizens' ecological civilization quality, the relationship between the use of ecological civilization and the quality of civic ecological civilization by means of interviews and questionnaires. This paper takes WeChat as an example to study the influence factors, because WeChat is one of the popular new media forms in China, which embodies the characteristics of the new media and can realize the integration of the multi media form. The WeChat green public number is the public of the dissemination of ecological civilization information. The content analysis of the ecological civilization information in the WeChat green public number can reflect the general information about the ecological civilization in the new media to a certain extent. The framework theory is applied to the research on how the WeChat information (How) is organized. The sample is extracted by stratified sampling and obtained from 2015. 636 samples from March to September 2015. Research on the distribution of issues of WeChat information, key content, educational factors, framework construction and expression forms. This part is from the two angles of ecological civilization education subject and ecological civilization education content to understand the status of the education of biological civilization through new media channels. Research found, green WeChat Public number has less attention to ecological environment quality, ecological environment information, pollutant information, environmental protection industry and scientific and technological information issues. In content, it emphasizes practice light theory, heavy value and light knowledge and skills; the cultural content of WeChat public number is less involved, and the level of public participation is not high; the development is the general public number of green WeChat. In the information expression, the framework of the WeChat content is insufficient, the form of the expression is single, and the malleability is poor. The investigation and research use the methods of interview and questionnaire to understand the level of the ecological civilization quality of the interviewees and the status of the ecological civilization education in the new media way and the status of the ecological civilization education through the new media approach. The influence factors, the relationship between the new media way of ecological civilization education and the quality level of the ecological civilization of the interviewees. The survey of ecological civilization knowledge is adopted in the questionnaire, and the 5 scale scale is adopted for the ecological civilization consciousness, the ecological civilization behavior, the use of the new media ecological civilization and the influencing factors. In the sample, 1028 questionnaires were collected and 960 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective 93.3%. study found that the overall level of the ecological civilization quality of the interviewees was higher; the knowledge of ecological civilization, the higher score of the knowledge of natural science, the lower scores on the related public policy knowledge, the higher awareness of the ecological civilization, the big gap between the sense of responsibility and the strong and weak sense of responsibility, the human center The impact of the doctrine on the ecological civilization, the high score of individual participation and the low score of social participation. This study examined four forms of network ecological civilization use behavior: information acquisition, online interaction, network expression and online participation. The interviewees have significant differences on the Internet, and there are significant differences in their expression and participation. The interviewees with different income levels have significant differences in the use of ecological civilization. The correlation analysis between the use of network ecological civilization and the quality of ecological civilization shows that the use of network ecological civilization has no significant impact on the knowledge of ecological civilization, and the behavior of ecological civilization is reflected. There is significant correlation between network information acquisition and network expression and ecological civilization consciousness. In addition to network expression, the use of other forms of network ecological civilization has an impact on the overall quality of ecological civilization. In this study, the four hypotheses are perceived to be easy to use, perceived usefulness, use of pleasure and self efficacy. The impact of factors on the use of network ecological civilization has been confirmed. The problems existing in the new media approach to ecological civilization education have an impact on the ecological civilization quality level of new media users and the use of new media ecological civilization. The first problem is that the new media path of ecological civilization education has a heavy process and light effect. It is difficult for the new media to promote the growth of the knowledge of the ecological civilization of the users. Not only that, but also the lack of attention to the effect of education has led to the poor correlation between the use of the ecological civilization of the new media and the ecological civilization consciousness and behavior of the interviewees. One of the possible reasons for the difference in the same level of knowledge is that there is a possible correlation between the lack of legal knowledge in the new media and the lack of legal knowledge in the ecological civilization of the interviewees. At the same time, there is not enough of the new media information to participate in the public participation, and there is also a little between the public ecological civilization behavior of the interviewees. The second problem is the new media way of ecological civilization education, which emphasizes practice and light cultural inheritance. The new media presents a large number of information related to the practice of ecological civilization, and there is little presentation of the relevant content of ecological culture. Ecological culture is an important content of ecological civilization education, and the ecological civilization atmosphere of the whole society is built and ecological environment is built. The formation of civilized fashion has a leading role. The lack of ecological culture in the new media is difficult to form a cultural edification for the users of the new media. This is the possible reason why the interviewees pay more attention to the individual behavior of ecological civilization and the lack of awareness of the "public welfare" of the construction of ecological civilization. The third question is the new media approach to the ecological civilization education. Light information organization. Using framework theory to study green WeChat public number, there is a serious shortage of WeChat information in framework construction. In addition, WeChat has a single form of information expression, poor information extension, and is not good at using media integration, large data and other technical methods. These all affect the users of the new media ecological civilization phase. The susceptibility to information, the usefulness of sensual awareness, and the use of pleasure and self-efficacy in the new media, and the effect of the ecological civilization through the new media approach, can well explain the low correlation between the quality of the ecological civilization found in the fifth chapters and the use of the ecological civilization of the new media. This paper puts forward the strategy of promoting ecological civilization education through new media channels and strategies for different subjects to use new media to carry out ecological civilization education. The strategy of promoting ecological civilization through new media approaches includes the strategy of the main body system, the strategy of information content promotion and the promotion strategy of information communication mode. Using the new media to educate the ecological civilization, the government should: grasp the direction, be good at happening, integrate the power, gather the wisdom of the people, improve the channel and provide the guarantee. The environmental protection organization should strengthen the self-discipline, expand the influence, strengthen the public consciousness, improve the affinity, improve the power of transmission and build up the platform. Enterprises should: clear responsibility, set up the form. Image; enrich the content, active. Citizens should: clear roles, build self-confidence; strengthen learning, improve ability; return to reason, effective participation; schools should: enrich content, inherit culture; change the way, pay attention to infiltration.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D64;G206
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本文编号：1775550