功能性动作筛查测试在中国高水平乒乓球运动员中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:31

本文选题：功能性动作筛查测试 + 高水平　；参考：《北京体育大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：运动损伤一直以来是困扰中国高水平国家队顶尖运动员运动成绩的重要影响因素之一。我们应该在伤病出现之前通过一些有效的方法把潜在伤病风险因素筛查出来,找到问题根源并有目的性最大程度上消除这些潜在的伤病风险影响因素,而不是在伤病出现后才想着怎样去解决问题。功能性动作筛查测试FMS作为一种新的、不需要很高成本、易于操作、携带方便、由7个基本动作构成的测试方法,在医学检查和运动表现测试之间架起了一座连接的桥梁。通过评估人体的基本动作模式,对测试者完成动作的局限、代偿、不对称进行确认、分级和排序,以暴露他们在基本的灵活性、稳定性、以及整体动作的动作模式方面存在的缺陷和不足,旨在通过这项测试来筛查出易产生损伤风险的薄弱环节,从而达到有效筛查潜在运动损伤风险的目的。本研究以中国乒乓球男女国家二队队员和国家女子青少年集训队员为研究对象,通过测试法、实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,得出结论：(1)高水平乒乓球运动员FMS测试总分评估运动损伤风险阈值为12.5分,不同之前国外研究得出来的14分和16分,可见FMS测试中运动损伤“阈值”是随着不同的运动项目、运动水平的不同而不同的。(2)判别公式最后筛选出4个与高水平乒乓球运动员损伤紧密相连的测试动作：过顶深蹲、跨栏步、躯干旋转稳定性、主动直膝抬腿。可见7个测试动作在不同的运动项目、不同人群中每个测试动作的意义可能是不一样的。判别公式可以和阈值互为补充,来作为共同判断潜在运动损伤风险的方法。(3)通过干预实验得出：针对性的干预纠正练习可以提高FMS测试总分。在实践中可以将干预纠正练习作为一种辅助练习,用在日常准备活动前或者体能训练的的补充部分,可以作为对主要练习的一种有效补充,但不可以代替身体功能训练的主要练习。在干预纠正过程中,做整体纠正策略的干预练习设计可以有共性的部分,也可以考虑有个性化的部分。由于国家队备战和训练任务的特殊性,个体高水平运动员可以考虑在某一个阶段同时兼顾两个以上测试动作的纠正,不必完全按照测试纠正策略里面强调的一个测试动作纠正结束后,再转入下一个动作中去。(4)经过在高水平乒乓球运动员中的应用和研究,得出了一套测试、评估、纠正的程序化流程。未来在实践领域中在更多的运动项目去应用这项测试方法,不断的去补充、改进、完善这项测试。
[Abstract]:Sports injury has always been one of the most important factors that haunt the top athletes of China's top national team. We should screen out the potential injury risk factors through some effective methods before the injury occurs, find the root cause of the problem and eliminate these potential injury risk factors to the greatest extent. Instead of thinking about how to solve the problem after the injury. As a new method, functional motion screening test (FMS), which does not require high cost, is easy to operate, and is easy to carry, has built a bridge between medical examination and exercise performance test. By evaluating the basic movement patterns of the human body, the testers are identified, graded and sorted to reveal their basic flexibility and stability in terms of the limitations, compensations, asymmetries, As well as the defects and shortcomings in the movement mode of the whole movement, the purpose of this paper is to screen out the weak links which are prone to damage risk through this test, so as to effectively screen the potential sports injury risk. In this study, Chinese table tennis men and women national second team members and national women youth training team members as the research object, through the test method, experimental method, mathematical statistics and other research methods, Conclusion: (1) the total score of FMS test for high level table tennis players is 12.5 points, which is different from the 14 points and 16 points obtained by foreign research before. It shows that the "threshold value" of sports injury in FMS test is different with different sports events. Finally, four test actions closely related to the injury of high level table tennis players were selected: crouching over the top, hurdle step, rotation stability of torso, and active knee lift. It can be seen that the meaning of each test action may be different among different groups of people in different sports. The discriminant formula can complement the threshold value as a common method to judge the potential risk of sports injury. Through the intervention experiment, it is concluded that the targeted intervention and correction exercises can improve the total score of FMS test. In practice, the intervention correction exercise can be used as an auxiliary exercise, before the daily preparatory activities or as a supplementary part of the physical training, which can be used as an effective supplement to the main exercises. However, it is not a substitute for the main practice of physical function training. In the process of intervention and correction, the design of intervention exercises for overall correction strategy can have a common part or a personalized part. Because of the particularity of the national team's task of preparing for war and training, individual high-level athletes may consider taking into account the correction of more than two test movements at one stage at the same time. It is not necessary to correct one of the test actions emphasized in the test correction strategy completely, and then to move on to the next one. After the application and research in high-level table tennis players, a set of tests and assessments has been obtained. A programmed process of correction. In the future, the test method will be applied in more sports in the field of practice, and the test will be supplemented, improved, and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G846

【相似文献】