排球运动员扣球动作弱环节的诊断与提高研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 18:02

本文选题：排球运动员 + 扣球动作　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究通过文献研究法、测试法、专家访谈法和特尔斐法,力图提炼与专项体能训练相关性高的测试动作、测试指标和诊断指标,构建排球运动员扣球动作弱环节的诊断体系。利用测力台与运动捕捉系统进行起跳动作的诊断,利用美国Primus BTE诊断系统进行鞭打动作的诊断,描述测试动作特征,明确诊断指标特征和诊断标准,寻找弱环节并验证动作训练的有效性。研究结果如下:1.排球运动员扣球动作弱环节诊断框架包括手臂鞭打、上体鞭打、全身鞭打、叉腰蹲跳、叉腰下蹲跳、摆臂下蹲跳、助跑起跳等七个测试动作,峰值功率、冲量、峰值力、最大力量、力的加载率、关节力矩、摆臂幅度与速度等九个测试指标,手臂贡献、躯干贡献、下肢贡献、弹性贡献、摆臂贡献、助跑贡献等六个诊断指标,计算诊断标准,通过动作训练改善弱环节。2.动作测试中,性别间比较,女性运动员起动力量较好,应加强膝、踝肌群反应力量,提高手臂肌肉最大力量和肌肉维度。专位间比较,主攻力量最好,二传/自由人起动最快。弹跳表现间比较,弹跳高的运动员速度力量和最大力量水平更好。两侧肌力比较,起跳时左腿以髋、踝发力为主导,右腿以髋、膝发力为主导。指标相关性分析,起跳高度与速度力量、爆发力、左侧肌力关系密切,鞭打动作测试指标以功率、速度及其变化率为主。3.起跳动作诊断指标的弹性贡献中,性别间比较,弹性贡献与肌肉质量关系不大,弹性贡献大的运动员爆发力更好。提高爆发力和低强度反应力量可改善弹性贡献。摆臂贡献中,性别间比较,摆臂幅度和摆臂贡献有显著差异。两侧肌力间比较,左侧摆臂幅度和速度大,动作训练重点改进左臂上摆幅度。指标相关性分析,提高摆臂贡献应重点改进摆臂幅度,同时加强摆臂动作的速度力量和爆发力。助跑贡献中,性别间比较,女性运动员伸膝、跖屈肌群发力更大,应重视膝、踝关节的反应力量。助跑贡献大的运动员爆发力水平更高。指标相关性分析,助跑贡献主要与爆发力相关,提高助跑贡献,需要进行爆发力和高强度反应力量的动作训练。4.鞭打动作的诊断指标中,男性运动员躯干旋转和屈伸发力以及鞭打力量的传递效果好于女性。专项体能训练的重点应放在动作的功率训练上。男、女性运动员指标的标准差较大,男女运动员应分别诊断。5.明确诊断标准,找准动作弱环节,通过相应力量主题的动作训练,可以改善扣球动作的弱环节。
[Abstract]:Through literature research method, test method, expert interview method and Delphi method, this study tries to refine the test movement, test index and diagnostic index which have high correlation with the special physical fitness training, and construct the diagnosis system of the weak link of the volleyball player's spiking action. Using the force table and motion capture system to diagnose the takeoff, and using the American Primus BTE diagnostic system to diagnose the whipping movement, describing the characteristics of the test motion, defining the diagnostic index characteristics and diagnostic criteria. Look for weak links and verify the effectiveness of action training. The results are as follows: 1. The diagnostic framework for weak links in spiking of volleyball players includes seven test actions, such as arm whipping, upper body whipping, whole body whipping, knuckleback squat jump, knuckledown jump, swing arm squat jump, run-up takeoff and other seven test actions, including peak power, impulse, peak force, etc. Maximum strength, loading rate of force, joint torque, swing arm amplitude and velocity, arm contribution, torso contribution, lower limb contribution, elastic contribution, swing arm contribution, run-up contribution, etc. Improve weak link. 2. In the action test, female athletes had better starting strength, so they should strengthen the reactive strength of knee and ankle muscles and improve the maximum strength and dimension of arm muscles. The main attack force is the best, and the second pass / Freeman starts fastest. The speed and maximum strength levels of the sprinting athletes were better than those of the sprinting performance. The left leg is dominated by hip and ankle, while the right leg is dominated by hip and knee. The correlation analysis showed that the take-off height was closely related to the strength of speed, explosive force and left muscle strength. The test index of whipping action was power, speed and its rate of change. In the elastic contribution of the diagnostic index of take-off movement, the elastic contribution was not related to muscle quality, but the explosive force of athletes with great elastic contribution was better. The elastic contribution can be improved by increasing the explosive force and the low strength reaction force. In the swing arm contribution, there are significant differences between the sex, swing arm amplitude and swing arm contribution. The amplitude and speed of the left arm swinging are large, and the training emphasis is to improve the swing amplitude of the left arm. According to the analysis of index correlation, the amplitude of swing arm should be improved, and the speed force and explosive force of swing arm action should be strengthened in order to improve the contribution of swinging arm. In the run-up contribution, the female athletes have greater strength in extending their knees and flexor metatarsus, and should pay more attention to the reactive power of the knee and ankle joints. Athletes who contribute a lot to the run-up have a higher level of explosive power. The index correlation analysis shows that the run-up contribution is mainly related to the explosive force. To improve the run-up contribution, the action training of explosive force and high intensity reaction force should be carried out. 4. Among the diagnostic indicators of whipping, male athletes' torso rotation, flexion and extension, and the transfer of whipping power are better than that of women. The emphasis of special physical training should be on the power training of movement. The standard deviation of male and female athletes is larger, male and female athletes should be diagnosed separately. The weak link of spiking can be improved by defining the diagnostic standard, finding out the weak link of the action and training the movement of the corresponding force theme.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G842

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