中韩速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 03:21

  本文选题：专项体能 + 速度滑冰　； 参考：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：速度滑冰短距离项目具有自身独特的项目特点和专项体能训练特征,专项体能训练已经成为速滑短距离项目运动员运动训练的核心内容。韩国作为速度滑冰项目的强国,特别是在短距离项目上,培养出一批批世界级优秀运动员,形成了其独特、科学、先进的训练理论与方法。中韩两国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练具备相似性、同一性和可比性,通过全面比较旨在总结两国各自专项体能训练的经验,探寻特征与差异,分析优点与不足,借鉴韩国先进的速滑短距离专项体能训练理论与方法,完善与提升我国在该项目上专项体能训练理论与方法体系。对于提高我国冰雪运动整体水平、尽早实现冰雪运动强国、备战北京2022年冬奥会、提升大国影响力具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本研究以中韩两国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练相关问题为研究对象,分别选取两国2010—2014冬奥会周期、2014-2016亚冬会周期的若干名现役国家队运动员为调查对象。通过文献资料法和专家访谈法收集整理分析相关文献200余篇,统计整理中韩两国教练员训练计划1000余份,时间跨度6年;访谈中韩两国相关理论专家和一线教练员20余人。通过比较研究方法将专项体能训练理念、目标、内容、方法、负荷、周期以及监控与恢复作为可比性标准和并置性内容,通过设置比较假设和证实假设,全面比较两国专项体能训练的相似性和差异性,得到以下研究结论:1、在速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练中韩国的训练理念更具多元化和职业化,中国的训练理念突出针对性和计划性;韩国教练员的训练理念稳定性强、层次性多、互补性强、可变性弱;中国教练员的训练理念稳定性弱、层次性少、互补性弱、可变性强。两国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练目标本质相同,中国训练目标相对韩国更精细项目化;中国的训练目标以冬奥会为总体目标,韩国的训练目标以年度竞赛为总体目标;中国的训练目标制定以周期训练理论为主要依据,韩国的训练目标制定以板块周期训练理论为依据。2、中国专项体能训练周期以4年奥运周期为根本,突出奥运全周期训练的连续性,韩国专项体能训练周期以年度周期为主,突显年度训练的波动性;中国运动员全年训练负荷总量平均高于韩国运动员20%以上,韩国运动员专项体能训练负荷量平均低于中国运动员15%、专项负荷强度平均高于中国运动员10%;韩国运动员专项体能监控与恢复依托专业实验室以及运动员主动性自我管理与安排,中国运动员由运动队和教练员统一管理与安排,运动员自身相对被动。3、中国速滑短距离项目专项体能训练内容主要集中在专项滑行体能训练内容,训练内容以冰上训练为主,韩国专项体能训练内容是综合性和丰富性的,训练内容涵盖陆地、冰上、器械等多种设计。韩国专项体能训练方法比较丰富、综合性强、基础性强,训练方法划分为5大类12个具体项目,训练方法形成了系统的连贯性和传承性;中国专项体能训练方法相对单一,没有形成自下而上的系统的方法体系,呈现的是教练员之间的不兼容性。4、韩国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练的特征在于训练目标的项目兼容性以及训练负荷强度的集中性,其优势在于训练内容与方法丰富性和系统性,特别是训练方法形成了自下而上的系统体系,不足在于训练缺乏整体控制与管理;中国专项体能训练的特征是坚持奥运会大周期训练模式,优势在于运动员集体训练控制与管理,不足在于训练内容与方法上过于单一,没有相对统一的系统体系。5、韩国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练理论与方法已经趋于成熟体系,是经过成功实践验证过的训练理论与方法,其值得我国借鉴的地方在于训练内容与方法的体系化、训练负荷的集中化。当然我国专项体能训练也存在优点与不足,还没有形成比较科学的成熟体系。融合两国的专项体能训练的优势与不足,就可以形成具有亚洲特色的专项体能训练理论与方法体系,引导亚洲未来速度滑冰训练的先进理论。6、中韩两国速度滑冰短距离项目专项体能训练存在的显著差异性,表明两国在专项体能训练的各自特点和不同,比较性研究能够给予两国在专项体能训练的未来发展以启示作用。启示我国在未来速度滑冰专项体能训练中,要注重动作效果,功能性技术必将成为训练核心;更强调注重核心力量,核心区力量训练必将成为训练的创新领域;依据各国实际情况注重训练模式的构建,有氧与无氧训练必将融合贯通训练始终;在短距离项目上注重训练效果,高强度训练必将成为未来训练的动向。
[Abstract]:The speed skating short distance project has its own unique project characteristics and special physical training features, and special physical training has become the core content of sports training for short distance speed skating athletes. As a powerful country of speed skating project, especially on short distance projects, the South Korea has developed a batch of world-class elite athletes. It is unique, scientific and advanced training theory and method. The special physical training of speed skating short distance project between China and Korea has the similarity, identity and comparability. Through a comprehensive comparison, it aims to sum up the special physical training experience of the two countries, explore the characteristics and differences, analyze the advantages and disadvantages, and draw lessons from the advanced speed skating short distance in Korea. The theory and method of physical fitness training to improve and improve our country's special physical training theory and method system on this project. It is of great theoretical and practical value for improving the overall level of the ice and snow movement in China, realizing the strong power of ice and snow sports as soon as possible, preparing for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing and promoting the influence of the great powers. The related problems of the special physical training of the short distance skating project are studied. Some active national team athletes of the 2010 to 2014 Winter Olympic cycle and the 2014-2016 Asian Winter Conference cycle are selected respectively as the investigation object. More than 200 articles are collected and analyzed through the literature method and expert interview method. There are more than 1000 training programs, time span of 6 years, interviews with relevant theoretical experts and more than 20 front-line coaches of China and Korea. Through comparative research methods, specific physical fitness training concepts, objectives, contents, methods, load, cycle, monitoring and recovery are used as comparability standards and juxtaposition content. Comparing the similarities and differences of special physical fitness training between the two countries, the following conclusions are obtained: 1, in the special physical training of the speed skating short distance project, the Korean training idea is more diversified and professional, the training idea of China is more targeted and planned; the training idea of Korean training staff is strong, more hierarchical and complementary. Strong and weak variability; Chinese coaches' training concept is weak, low level, weak complementarity and strong variability. The target of special physical training is the same in the two countries' speed skating short distance project, and the Chinese training target is more meticulous than South Korea; China's training target is the Winter Olympic Games as the overall goal, and the Korean training target is the year. The competition is the overall goal; the training target in China is based on the cycle training theory, and the training target of Korea is based on the plate cycle training theory based on.2, and the Chinese special physical training cycle is based on the 4 year Olympic cycle, and the continuity of the full cycle training of the Olympic Games is highlighted. The Korean special physical training cycle is based on the annual cycle. The total annual training load of Chinese athletes was more than 20% of the Korean athletes. The average physical training load of Korean athletes was less than 15% of the Chinese athletes, and the average special load intensity was 10% higher than that of the Chinese athletes. The special physical ability monitoring and recovery of Korean sportsmen was based on the professional laboratory. As well as the self management and arrangement of the athletes' initiative, the Chinese athletes are managed and arranged by the sports team and the coaches. The athletes themselves are relatively passive.3. The special physical training content of China speed skating short distance project is mainly focused on the special skating physical training content. The training content is mainly on the ice training, and the special physical training content of Korea is the content of the training content. Comprehensive and rich, the training content covers the land, ice, equipment and other designs. South Korea's special physical training methods are rich, comprehensive and basic, and the training methods are divided into 5 categories and 12 specific projects. The training method has formed a systematic consistency and inheritance; China's special physical training methods are relatively single and have no shape. The system based on the bottom up system presents the incompatibility.4 between coaches. The special physical fitness training of the Korean speed skating short distance project is characterized by the compatibility of the project and the concentration of the training load intensity. The advantage lies in the abundance and systematicness of the training content and methods, especially the training method. The system has been formed from the bottom to the top, which is insufficient in the lack of overall control and management. The characteristic of China's special physical training is to adhere to the large cycle training mode of the Olympic Games, the advantage lies in the control and management of the athletes' collective training. The lack of the training content and method is too single, there is no relatively unified system.5, Korea speed is fast. The special physical fitness training theory and method of the short distance skating project has become a mature system. It is a training theory and method verified by the successful practice. It is worthy of our country's reference to the system of training content and method and the concentration of training load. Of course, there are also advantages and disadvantages in the physical training of our country. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the special physical training of the two countries, we can form a special physical fitness training theory and method system with Asian characteristics, guide the advanced theory.6 of the Asian speed skating training in Asia, and the significant difference in the physical training of the special physical training of the short distance item of speed skating in China and Korea. The respective characteristics and differences of special physical training in Ming and China can give enlightenment to the future development of special physical training of the two countries. It also reveals that in the special physical training of speed skating in the future, we should pay attention to the action effect, and the functional technology will become the core of training and training; more emphasis is placed on core strength and core district strength. Quantity training will certainly become an innovative field of training. According to the actual situation in the country, the training mode should be built, and the training of aerobic and anaerobic training will always be integrated, and the training effect is paid attention to in the short distance project, and the high intensity training will become the trend of the future training.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G862.1
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本文编号：1808956