基于城市空间文本观的生态城市空间系统及其评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 08:30

本文选题：城市空间文本 + 生态城市空间系统　；参考：《兰州大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：过去30年,中国的城市化基本上沿袭了西方工业革命时期机械主义导向下以牺牲环境为代价的城市化发展模式,结果必然导致诸如城市蔓延、交通拥挤、环境恶化等城市病。西方国家已经在近几十年逐渐转型走上了相对集中的城市化发展之路,但我国还没有全面的觉醒,国内城市空间发展几乎都有连片高密度扩展的趋势。生态城市是可持续思想在城市领域的具体化,它强调城市生态系统与自然生态系统之间的协调发展,对于指导我国未来城市空间的健康发展意义重大。目前,由于对生态城市认识的不足,以及缺乏系统的理论指导,国内外生态城市的建设和发展面临众多问题和挑战,因此,生态城市空间系统的研究是建设生态城市的客观需要,对解决城市问题具有重要的现实意义。本文正是基于系统论的观点,运用生态学有关原理,引入城市空间文本的概念,对生态城市空间系统进行理论和研究方法体系的构建,为城市地理学在城市空间领域的研究提供了新视角,具有重要的理论意义。文本定义的生态城市是广义生态城市的概念,它不局限于某一类城市,更确切地说是一种方法论,是从生态化的角度来思索城市空间组织的应有之义,它突破了原有的物理界线和行政范围,不再是一个封闭的区域,是不断经历各个中间状态的动态过程,更着重强调城市向生态化发展高级阶段演进的过程与模式。也就是说,任何城市都有发展成为生态城市的潜力,只是发展水平和所处的阶段不同。本文应用文献分析法、逻辑论证法、统计分析法、对比分析法和社会调查等方法,理论和实证相结合展开了系统的研究。论文主要研究内容与结论如下:(1)城市空间属于广义文本的范畴随着文本概念的扩展,文本已经属于普遍意义的哲学范畴,城市空间是具有人文性质的具体研究对象,与文本一样通过外在形式传达内在的意义,城市空间在本质特质上与文本有很多共同之处,都具有自身的整体性、内部的结构性和外部环境的开放性等特征,因此城市空间属于文本下一层级的概念,可以纳入到“文本”的范畴,是可以进行阅读的广义文本,基于城市空间文本观的研究思路有助于对生态城市空间系统进行全面和深入的研究。(2)生态城市空间系统理论构建(1)生态城市空间系统具有与文本“言—象—意”类似的表意结构,从内向外依次是“空间结构层”,是城市空间结构外在的物理表现;“空间功能层”,表现为城市空间的社会、经济文化功能;“空间价值层”,是推动城市空间发展的人文动力的集合。(2)生态城市空间系统是“空间结构—空间功能—空间价值”的辩证统一体,表现为在城市主体文化观和价值观影响下,城市空间结构与空间功能的互适。(3)生态城市空间结构子系统的模式与评价研究(1)生态城市空间结构模式必须能有效应对人口和经济活动的快速增长,满足不同社会、经济和技术发展水平的需要,这里的模式并不是指一种万能的模式,而是能充分体现城市环境特色,有效组织生产和生活,并能集中反映城市居民普遍愿望和共同需求的城市空间结构模式。(2)生态城市空间结构的评价包括宏观层面区域生态空间格局和中观层面城市空间结构的评价。生态城市空间结构评价构成体系包括生态环境质量性、城市用地合理性、综合交通绿色化、社会服务均衡性和市政设施便捷性,研究建立了生态城市空间结构子系统的客观和主观评价指标体系,以兰州、武汉和珠海市为例,评价了三个城市空间结构的合理性,结果显示客观评价与主观评价结果具有一致性。(4)生态城市空间功能子系统的模式与评价研究(1)生态城市空间功能模式也不是一种万能的模式,各个城市根据自己的资源优势和环境优势选择城市空间的主导功能,只要能体现和呼吁时代、地方和文化的特色,最大限度的满足人们生活和生产需求,为人们提供方便的空间功能模式,都是生态城市所追求的目标,包括文化型城市、创新型城市、包容型城市、特色城市、信息城市,以及经济主导型城市、社会服务主导型城市和环境主导型城市等。(2)生态城市空间功能评价的内容包括城市空间功能影响力、城市空间功能对外服务能力和城市空间功能综合实力。以兰州、武汉和珠海市为例,对这三个城市进行了生态城市空间功能客观和主观评价,结果显示客观评价和主观评价结果具有一致性。(5)生态城市空间价值子系统的评价研究(1)生态城市空间价值主要表现为城市居民的思想意识和价值观,人们的生活方式、对城市和世界的认知在很大程度上影响城市空间的发展。(2)生态城市空间价值的评价构成体系包括城市居民的生态环境观、生态发展观、生态出行观、生态消费观和生态社会观。研究构建了生态城市空间价值子系统的评价指标体系,以兰州、武汉和珠海为研究对象,评价了三个城市居民的生态价值观。(3)生态城市倡导的是一种最大限度摆脱物性,发挥个人的主动性和创造精神,体现对其他人和非人生命的尊重,这样一种全面而有意义的生活。对于转型期的中国,“文明始于心、生态践于行”、“勿以恶小而为之,勿以善小而不为”等新的人文精神的塑造,更应该是生态城市空间价值的所在。(6)生态城市空间系统的研究方法对生态城市空间系统的研究和发展评价应该同时包括城市空间结构、城市空间功能和城市空间价值这三个子系统,各个子系统之间形成层层递进的关系,每一个子系统都可以进行单独的研究,但是终归要进行整合研究,因为没有一个子系统能够既不影响其他系统的发展,又不受其他系统的影响,最终三个子系统的内容框架共同构成了一个科学、完整的生态城市空间系统的研究方法体系。(7)兰州、珠海、武汉生态城市空间系统发展的现状和未来发展的方向珠海城市空间结构组织比较合理,城市居民生态自觉意识较好,但是要想促进城市空间的持续发展,需要进一步克服空间与距离上的阻隔,与区域其他城市保持多样的空间联系,形成更加开放的城市空间格局。兰州市和武汉市不仅要开放城市空间格局,在城市发展过程中,积极了解市民迫切需要解决的问题,优化城市内部各要素的空间布局和组合方式,加强生态城市的宣传力度,培养市民的生态意识,最终形成“生态城市,共建共享”的城市文化风气。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years, the urbanization of China has basically followed the urbanization development model at the expense of the environment at the cost of mechanism in the period of the western industrial revolution. The result will inevitably lead to urban diseases such as urban sprawl, traffic congestion and environmental deterioration. In the past few decades, western countries have gradually transformed into relatively centralized urbanization. However, our country has not fully awakened, and the development of urban space in China almost all has the trend of continuous high density expansion. The ecological city is the concrete of the sustainable thought in the city field. It emphasizes the coordinated development between the urban ecosystem and the natural ecosystem, which is of great importance to guiding the healthy development of the future urban space in our country. At present, because of the lack of understanding of the ecological city and the lack of systematic theoretical guidance, the construction and development of ecological cities at home and abroad are faced with many problems and challenges. Therefore, the study of the ecological urban space system is an objective need for the construction of an ecological city, and is of great practical significance to the solution of the urban problem. This paper is based on the system. On the basis of the theory of ecology, the concept of urban spatial text is introduced and the theory and research method system of the ecological urban space system is constructed. It provides a new perspective for the study of urban geography in the field of urban space and has important theoretical significance. The ecological city defined by the text is the concept of the generalized ecological city. It is not limited to a certain type of city, more specifically a methodology, is an ecological perspective to think about the proper meaning of urban spatial organization. It breaks through the original physical boundaries and administrative scope, is no longer a closed area, is a dynamic process that constantly experiences various intermediate states, and emphasizes the ecological development of the city. The process and model of the evolution of the advanced stage, that is to say, any city has the potential to develop into an ecological city, only the level of development and the different stages. This paper applies the methods of literature analysis, logical demonstration, statistical analysis, comparative analysis and social investigation, and the combination of theory and empirical research. The main contents and conclusions of the thesis are as follows: (1) the category of urban space belongs to the generalized text, with the expansion of the concept of text, the text has been a universal philosophical category. The urban space is a specific research object with the nature of the humanities, and the inner meaning is conveyed through the external form like the text, and the urban space is in the essence and the nature. The text has a lot in common, which has its own integrity, internal structure and the openness of the external environment. Therefore, the urban space belongs to the concept of the next level of text, which can be incorporated into the category of "text", which is a broad text that can be read, and the research idea based on the view of urban space text is helpful to the ecology. The urban space system is fully and deeply studied. (2) the theoretical construction of the ecological urban space system (1) the ecological city space system has the ideographic structure similar to the text "speech - image - meaning". From the inside to the outside, it is the "spatial structure layer", which is the physical manifestation of the urban spatial structure, and the "space function layer" is manifested as the urban space. The society, the function of economy and culture and the "space value layer" are the collection of human power to promote the development of urban space. (2) the ecological city space system is a dialectical unity of "space structure space function space value", which is manifested by the interaction of urban spatial structure and space function under the influence of the cultural outlook and value view of the city subject. (3) study on the model and evaluation of the spatial structure subsystem of eco city (1) the ecological urban spatial structure model must have the rapid growth of the population and the economic activity and meet the needs of different social, economic and technological development levels. The model here is not a universal model, but a full embodiment of the urban environmental characteristics. It can organize the production and life effectively, and can concentrate on the urban spatial structure model which reflects the common desire and common demand of urban residents. (2) the evaluation of the spatial structure of the ecological city includes the macro level regional ecological spatial pattern and the evaluation of the urban spatial structure at the meso level. The ecological urban spatial structure evaluation system includes the ecological environment quality. In terms of rationality, urban land use rationality, comprehensive traffic green, social service equilibrium and convenience of municipal facilities, the objective and subjective evaluation index system of the ecological urban spatial structure subsystem is established. Taking Lanzhou, Wuhan and Zhuhai as an example, the rationality of the three urban space structures is evaluated. The results show the objective evaluation and subjective evaluation. The price results are consistent. (4) the model and evaluation study of the ecological urban spatial function subsystem (1) the ecological urban spatial function model is not a universal model. Each city chooses the dominant function of the urban space according to its own resource advantages and environmental advantages, as long as it can reflect and appeal to the times, the local and cultural characteristics, the largest. The limit to meet people's life and production needs and provide people with a convenient spatial function model is the goal pursued by ecological cities, including cultural cities, innovative cities, inclusive cities, characteristic cities, information cities, economic leading cities, social service leading cities and environmental leading cities. (2) eco city. The content of city spatial function evaluation includes the influence of urban space function, the ability of urban space function and the comprehensive strength of urban space function. Taking Lanzhou, Wuhan and Zhuhai as an example, the three cities have carried out the objective and subjective evaluation of the spatial function of the ecological cities, and the results show that the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation result are consistent. (5) study on the evaluation of the spatial value subsystem of ecological city (1) the spatial value of the ecological city is mainly manifested by the ideology and values of urban residents, the way of life and the cognition of the city and the world affect the development of urban space to a great extent. (2) the evaluation of the spatial value of the urban city includes the urban residents. The ecological concept of ecological environment, ecological development, ecological travel, ecological consumption and ecological society. The evaluation index system of ecological urban spatial value subsystem is constructed. The ecological values of the three urban residents are evaluated in Lanzhou, Wuhan and Zhuhai. (3) the ecological city advocates a maximum out of physical property. To give full play to the initiative and creative spirit of the individual, to reflect the respect for other people and nonhuman life, such a comprehensive and meaningful life. For the transition period of China, "civilization begins with the heart, the ecology is practiced", "do not take the evil and be small but do not be small but not" to shape the new humanistic spirit, and more should be the ecological city space. (6) the research and development evaluation of ecological urban space system should include the three subsystems of urban space structure, urban space function and urban space value, and each sub-system forms a hierarchical and progressive relationship, and each subsystem can carry out a separate research. But in the end, the integration research should be carried out, because no subsystem can neither affect the development of other systems nor affected by other systems. The final three subsystems' content framework together constitute a scientific and integrated research method system for the ecological urban space system. (7) Lanzhou, Zhuhai, Wuhan ecological city space system The present situation of the development and the direction of the future development of Zhuhai urban spatial structure is reasonable and the urban residents' consciousness of ecological consciousness is better. But in order to promote the sustainable development of urban space, it is necessary to further overcome the barrier between space and distance, maintain more spatial relations with other cities in the region, and form a more open urban space. Lanzhou and Wuhan should not only open the spatial pattern of the city, but also actively understand the problems that the citizens need to solve urgently in the process of urban development, optimize the spatial distribution and combination of the elements in the city, strengthen the publicity of the ecological city, cultivate the public consciousness of the citizens, and finally form the "ecological city, build and share together". The cultural atmosphere of the city.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C912.81

【参考文献】