大数据对我国高校教育管理的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:09

本文选题：高校 + 大数据　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：当今世界,大数据正渗透到人类社会的方方面面,不仅改变人们的思维方式、工作方式和生活方式,改变社会的生产力与生产关系,而且成为未来的"新石油"、"新金矿"、"新资源"和创新的"新引擎"。自2012年以来,美国、英国、法国、日本、韩国等发达国家陆续将大数据上升为国家战略。经过多年的酝酿,我国2015年召开的党的十八届五中全会,明确提出"实施国家大数据战略"。政府必须和企业、高校及科研机构结盟,全民动员和广泛参与,才能应对"大数据"时代的挑战,高校必将是这次大数据浪潮的参与者和推动者。尽管我国教育大数据领域也存在"乔布斯之间"的困惑,但在研究高校大数据方面具有得天独厚的条件,教育管理大数据研究和应用的前景广阔。管理也是生产力。从某种程度上讲,管理比其它要素更重要。大数据教育管理,是高校教育管理发展的新阶段。一切过去皆为序曲,通过大数据预测规律,通过大数据发现价值,大数据使高校采用更加智慧的方式来激发和生产新的智慧。高校教育管理中的大数据与商业领域中的大数据运用有着根本的区别:高校大数据以相关关系为切入,最终寻找特殊的相关关系——因果关系,知其然并"知其所以然"。利用大数据、云计算和物联网等技术,优化办学要素的结构、提高管理水平,是高校提高办学效益、促进高等教育管理由增量发展向质量发展转变的重要工具和基础。目前,学术界在大数据与高校教育管理结合的系统研究成果不多,深度和广度不够,也缺乏具体的实证研究。本论文从科技哲学、管理学、教育学及社会学的视角,综合分析高校大数据教育管理的价值和潜在的风险,在调研我国高校大数据教育管理发展现状及存在问题的基础上,探寻促进我国高校大数据教育管理创新的对策。本研究的主要内容包括四个方面:一是对大数据进行系统深入研究以尽可能达到科学认识。分析大数据产生的科技背景、经济背景和文化背景,尤其深入分析了大数据与互联网、物联网、云计算等信息技术发展及运用的关系,厘清大数据、信息化与智慧化之间的区别与联系。深度剖析了大数据的本质特征。从大数据所引发的生产力与生产关系改革、政治改革、思维变革、商业变革、教育变革和管理变革等方面,揭示大数据对人类思维、科技、经济、文化、学科发展及社会发展的巨大价值,同时对大数据潜在的思维风险、安全风险、技术风险及伦理道德风险等进行系统研究。二是系统研究大数据对我国高校教育管理发展的积极影响和消极影响。在分析高校教育管理现代化本质特点的基础上,指出我国传统高校教育管理存在人文不足、形式单一、缺乏个性及反馈不足等弊端,这与现代化高校教育管理要求相悖。高校大数据教育管理具有个性化、及时性、科学性、差异性、互动性、整合性及权变性等特点,从而具备传统高校教育管理无法比拟的优势。大数据将对我国高校的数据采集、管理决策、治理模式、教育教学、科研服务、评估评价等方面变革带来机遇。同时,高校大数据教育管理面临着隐私与自由平衡问题、数据霸权问题、数据垃圾问题、数据标准问题以及数据安全等诸多挑战,并产生诸多消极影响。三是研究我国高校大数据教育管理发展现状及存在的问题。高校大数据教育管理是信息化发展的新阶段,运用专家访谈法及问卷调查法等研究方法进行调研发现:经过十多年的发展,我国高校教育管理信息化已经取得一定的成绩,如高校CIO制度已经初步建立,财政投入逐步加大,教育管理成效初显等。但是,我国高校大数据教育管理也存在着缺乏顶层设计、缺乏资金保障、数据人才缺乏、法律法规等支持体系不完善及共享机制缺失等问题。四是思考并提出促进我国高校大数据教育管理发展的对策。按照教育现代化的要求,围绕智慧化、人性化教育管理的目标,针对我国高校大数据教育管理存在的问题,在借鉴美国等发达国家高校大数据教育管理经验的基础上,提出促进我国高校大数据教育管理的对策。高校要树立大数据教育管理理念,坚持以人为本、扬长避短、疏堵结合的原则,通过加强顶层设计,加强制度规约,构建协同机制、分享机制和评价机制,打造数据师资等运维体系建设,从而实现"规避风险、发挥优势"的大数据发展目标。
[Abstract]:In today's world, big data is permeating all aspects of human society, not only changing people's way of thinking, working ways and ways of life, changing social productivity and production relations, but also becoming "new oil", "new gold", "new resources" and "new engines" of innovation. Since 2012, the United States, Britain, France, Japan, South Korea and so on The developed countries have gradually raised the big data into the national strategy. After years of brewing, the party's the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in China, held in 2015, clearly proposed the "implementation of the national big data strategy". The government must be aligned with enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, mobilize the whole people and participate widely in order to meet the challenges of the "big data" era, and the universities will certainly be The participants and promoters of the big data wave, although there is a "Jobs" confusion in the field of big education data in China, have a unique condition in the study of large data in Colleges and universities. The prospect of large data research and application in education management is broad. Management is also productive. In a way, management is more important than other factors. Large data education management is a new stage in the development of education management in Colleges and universities. All the past is a prelude, through large data prediction laws, the discovery of value through large data, large data to enable universities to use a more intelligent way to stimulate and produce new wisdom. Large data in the management of higher education and large data in the business field are used. The fundamental difference: the big data of the university is based on the related relation, and finally seeks the special correlation relation - causality, knowing it and "knowing it". Using large data, cloud computing and the Internet of things technology to optimize the structure of the school running factors and improve the management level, it is the efficiency of higher education and the incremental development of higher education management. At present, there are not many research achievements in the academic circles, which combine large data with educational management in Colleges and universities, lack of depth and breadth, and lack concrete empirical research. This paper analyzes the value of large data education management in Colleges and universities from the perspective of science and technology, management, pedagogy and sociology. On the basis of investigating the current situation and existing problems of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China, this paper explores the countermeasures to promote the innovation of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China. The main contents of this study include four aspects: one is to make a systematic and in-depth study of large data in order to achieve scientific knowledge as far as possible. The technological background, economic background and cultural background, especially the relationship between large data and the development and application of information technology such as Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing, clarifies the difference and connection between large data, information and intelligence. The essence of large data is deeply analyzed. The reform of productivity and production relations caused by large data The great value of big data on human thinking, science, technology, economy, culture, discipline development and social development is revealed by political reform, thinking change, business change, education reform and management change. At the same time, systematic research on potential thinking risk, security risk, technical risk and ethical and moral hazard of large data is systematically studied. Two is systematic research. On the basis of the analysis of the essential characteristics of the modernization of education management in Colleges and universities, this paper points out that there are shortcomings in the traditional university education management in our country on the basis of the essential characteristics of the modernization of education management in our country, which is contrary to the requirements of modern higher education management. According to the characteristics of individualization, timeliness, scientificity, difference, interactivity, integration and right change, educational management has the advantages that the traditional university education management can't compare with. The big data will bring opportunities for the changes of data collection, management decision, management mode, education, education, scientific research service, evaluation and evaluation of universities in China. The large data education management in Colleges and universities is faced with the problem of privacy and freedom balance, the problem of data hegemony, data garbage problem, data standard and data security and many other challenges, and has many negative effects. Three is to study the current situation and existing problems in the development of large data Education Management in Colleges and universities in our country. The university data education management is the information. In the new stage of the development, the research methods, such as expert interview and questionnaire survey, have been used to find out that after more than 10 years of development, the information technology of university education management in our country has achieved certain achievements, such as the CIO system in Colleges and universities has been initially established, the financial input is gradually increased, and the effectiveness of education management has appeared. There are also some problems in education management, such as lack of top design, lack of capital guarantee, lack of data talents, imperfect support system of laws and regulations and lack of sharing mechanism. Four is to think and put forward countermeasures to promote the development of large data education management in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the problems existing in the large data education management in Colleges and universities in China, on the basis of the experience of large data education management in Universities in developed countries such as the United States and other developed countries, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to promote the management of large data education in Colleges and universities in China. The top level design, the strengthening of the system regulation, the construction of the cooperative mechanism, the sharing mechanism and the evaluation mechanism, the construction of the operation and maintenance system of the data teachers, so as to achieve the big data development goal of "avoiding the risks and giving full play to the advantages".

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647;TP311.13

【参考文献】