微博政治：一种新的网络治理形态的理论解释

发布时间：2018-05-01 20:04

  本文选题：微博 + 微博政治　； 参考：《南京农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文的研究是基于以下两个基本的社会事实:一是,微博在中国无处不在。根据《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》(2015年7月),截至2015年6月,我国网民规模达6.68亿,微博客用户规模为2.04亿,网民使用率为30.6%,手机端微博客用户数为1.62亿,使用率为27.3%。手机端微博客用户占总体的79.4%,比2014年底上升了 10.7%。尽管从2013年开始,搜狐、网易、腾讯等公司对微博客投入力度陆续减少,微博客整体市场进入洗牌期,但从整个社交类产品范畴来看,微博已经成为中国网民使用的主流应用,庞大的用户规模又进一步巩固了其网络舆论传播中心的地位,微博正在重塑社会舆论生产和传播机制,无论是普通用户,还是意见领袖和传统媒体,其获取新闻、传播新闻、发表意见、制造舆论的途径都不同程度的转向微博平台。二是,微博政治在中国业已形成。微博“短评快”的特征,预示着一种引人注目的力量:民众用它发声,政府用它发言;民众用它曝光,政府用它回应;民众用它申诉,政府用它安抚;民众用它自恋,政府用它自信;民众不仅想说话,还想参与;政府不仅想发布,还想控制……正如当年“网络化逻辑的扩散实质性地改变了生产、经验、权力与文化过程中的操作和结果”,微博也在悄然间极大地改变着中国的政治环境和政治生态,用《纽约时报》的话来说:当数以亿计的微博用户的注意力集中于某个社会热点时,就成为一个强大的政治压力集团,足以推动变革。从这两个基本的社会事实出发,本文尝试用政治心理学的思维去解读“中国业已形成的的微博政治生态”。原因在于:一方面,从学术文献的角度看,尽管计算机科学、传播学、教育学、政治学等学科的学者都已介入微博领域,但学科分布并不均衡,明显的“传播学”学科偏好导致了微博研究在其他学科视角的分散与疏离,并引致了事实探索偏向强而观念裁量与理论研究偏向弱的研究取向,直接造成当前微博的学术研究与现实发展存在较大落差,研究水平明显滞后于现实发展速度的研究景象。更为重要的一点是,当前的微博研究,多少表现出“物化”的倾向,“人”的缺场导致了“人各有志”的“单向度”。因此,本文的研究意义就在于,提出并阐释“微博政治”的合理性,试图找到隐藏在微博政治背后的规律性东西。研究命名为“微博政治的理论解释”,主旨是描述从微博兴起到微博政治形成的整个变化过程,概括出这种变化的特点,分析微博政治形成的动力、路径和机制,指出当前不利于微博政治实践的某些因素,并初步构想这一政治形态的未来样态和发展,即微博政治的理论重塑。为了区别于以往侧重“应该是什么样子”的纯学理性研究,本研究重点在于从“心理-行为”的层面探明中国微博政治实践的社会路径现在“实际上是什么样子”。简单地说,就是要回答四个问题:发生了什么?为什么发生?如何发生?未来可能怎样?对此,本文的研究展开为以下五个部分:第一章:导论。作为全文的开篇,一是,从研究提出的背景与意义入手,明确选题的目的与价值;二是,对当前的微博研究进行总体梳理,寻找研究空间与理论适切;三是,阐明研究的总体框架与逻辑理路,并指出相关研究方法、可能的创新与不足。第二章:“微博现象的理论解读”。一是,从美国Twitter的肇始到中国微博的兴起,考察微博产生、发展的脉络与趋势;二是从“矛盾性”与“辩证性”着手,描述微博的外在特征;三是,从“虚拟性”与“公共性”落笔,探讨微博的内在本质。并最终得出微博的政治意蕴,即在于其作为虚拟公共领域的核心论断。第三章:“微博政治”的提出及其理论阐释。在分析微博政治的可行与可为的基础上,一是,对微博政治的概念进行了语义界定——它是人们在作为虚拟公共领域的微博,所表现出的对话语运用的各种行为;二是,对微博政治的要素进行了构件厘定——它按照人(脖友)-群体(圈子)-社会的演进路径,赋予了主体活动从“分享”到“协商”的价值走向,并形成特定的从“自恋”到“团结”的心理联结,最终建立从从“权力”到“秩序”的政治图景;三是,对微博政治的条件进行了逻辑限制,本文所谈论的微博政治,因其发生在普通百姓的生活世界,所以归根结底,不过是生活政治、微观政治、差异政治的现实演绎。第四章:微博政治的现实镜像。本章从理论探讨回归现实描摹,以新浪微博平台为依托,以新浪影响力榜为样本,随机抽取13名用户进行分类考察,并以2014.03.01 -2014.03.31时间段内新浪微博数据中心统计的话题排行榜和事件排行榜为基准,通过个案剖析、他者立场和叙事研究,运用影响力指数、心理指标、行为指标和内容指标及关键词分析技术对分类用户、热门话题和典型案例进行实证考察。第五章:微博政治的理论解释。根据第四章的分析数据,本章提出微博政治的三大理论构想:第一,微博政治的生成路径表现为纵横交错的两幅图景:在纵向维度上,遵循从个体到社会的演进路径,脖友寻求的是“我的地盘我做主的”权力政治,圈子期盼的获得现实认同的“身份政治”,而社会指向的则是公共治理的“秩序政治”。在横向时间维度上,微博政治则明显的区分为有事无事两种状态,无事时的闲言碎语和有事时的迅速集结共同演绎了微博世界里永复交织的生活政治面向与解放政治爆发。第二,微博政治的力量展演,表现为从下至上的力量渗透:脖友乐此不疲通过参与问政、影响公共事件、监督公共权力证明“平民与莎士比亚”在同一起跑线,且人人都能充当新闻记者的正向能量。第三,微博政治的价值重塑,则表现为由内向外的制度匡扶。由于微博碎片化、即时性等特征,加之名人影响力从现实生活迁移至网络世界,因此,如何塑造更加宽容与自由的公共领域,为身处其中的个体和圈子提供放心、安全的制度保障是微博在价值建构上必须面对的问题。
[Abstract]:This study is based on the following two basic social facts: one is that micro-blog is ubiquitous in China. According to the China Internet development statistics report (July 2015), as of June 2015, the scale of Internet users in China is 668 million, the size of the microblog users is 204 million, the use rate of the net people is 30.6%, and the number of microblog users on the mobile phone is 162 million, The use rate of 27.3%. mobile phone end microblog users accounted for 79.4% of the total, up 10.7%. compared with the end of 2014, although from 2013, Sohu, NetEase, Tencent and other companies have gradually reduced the micro blog investment, microblog overall market entered the shuffle period, but from the whole social category, micro-blog has become the owner of Chinese netizens. Flow application, the huge user scale further consolidates its position of network public opinion communication center. Micro-blog is reshaping the production and dissemination mechanism of public opinion, whether it is ordinary user, or opinion leader and traditional media, its access to news, news, opinion, and the way to make public opinion are different to the micro-blog platform. The two is that micro-blog politics has been formed in China. The characteristics of micro-blog "short comment fast" indicate a compelling force: the public uses it to voice, the government uses it; the public uses it to expose, the government responds with it; the public uses it to appeal, the government appease it; the people use it to narcissism, the government uses it confidence; the people want to speak not only, but also want to participate; the people want to speak, but also want to participate; The government not only wants to release it, but also wants to control it. As "the proliferation of networked logic essentially changed the operations and results of production, experience, power and culture", micro-blog was quietly changing China's political environment and political ecology. In the words of the New York Times, the attention of hundreds of millions of micro-blog users When the force is concentrated in a social hot spot, it becomes a powerful political pressure group, which is enough to promote change. From these two basic social facts, this article tries to interpret "the micro-blog political ecology that has been formed in China" with the political psychology thinking. Scholars in science, communication, education, politics and other disciplines have been involved in the field of micro-blog, but the distribution of disciplines is not balanced. The obvious "communication" subject preference leads to the dispersion and alienation of micro-blog research in the perspective of other disciplines, and leads to the research orientation of the fact exploration bias and the weak theory research. There is a big gap between the current research and the development of micro-blog's academic research and reality, and the research level is obviously lagging behind the speed of reality. The more important point is that the current micro-blog research shows the tendency of "materialization", and the lack of people leads to the "unidirectional" of "each person". Therefore, the study of this paper The meaning is to put forward and explain the rationality of "micro-blog politics" and try to find the regular things hidden behind the micro-blog politics. The research is named "the theoretical explanation of micro-blog politics". The main purpose is to describe the whole process of the change from the rise of micro-blog to the political formation of micro-blog, and to describe the characteristics of this change, and to analyze the formation of the political formation of micro-blog. The motive force, the path and the mechanism, point out some factors that are not conducive to the current political practice of micro-blog, and preliminarily conceive the future pattern and development of this political form, that is, the remolding of the theory of micro-blog politics. In order to distinguish the purely rational study of "what should be what should be" in the past, the focus of this study lies in the "psychological behavior" level. The social path of Chinese micro-blog political practice is now "what it is actually like". In a word, it is to answer four questions: what happened? Why? How to happen? What is the future? This is the following five parts: introduction. As the opening of the full text, first, from research. To start with the background and significance, to clarify the purpose and value of the topic; two, to comb the current micro-blog research and to find the relevance of the research space and theory; three, to clarify the overall framework and logical logic of the research, and to point out the relevant research methods, the possible innovation and not enough. The second chapter, "the theoretical interpretation of the micro-blog phenomenon". First, from From the beginning of Twitter in the United States to the rise of micro-blog in China, it examines the context and trend of micro-blog's production and development; two is to describe the external features of micro-blog from "contradiction" and "Dialectics", and three, from "virtual" and "public", to discuss the intrinsic essence of micro-blog, and finally draw the political implication of micro-blog, that is to say, it is made in his work. For the core argument of the virtual public field. The third chapter: "micro-blog politics" and its theoretical explanation. On the basis of analyzing the feasibility and feasibility of micro-blog politics, one is to define the concept of micro-blog politics - it is the behavior of the dialogues that people use as the micro-blog in the virtual public domain. Two, the elements of micro-blog politics are determined - it gives the value direction of the subject activity from "sharing" to "negotiation" according to the evolution path of people (neck friends) - group (circle) and society, and forms a specific psychological link from "narcissism" to "unity", and finally establishes a policy from "power" to "order". The three is the logical restriction on the conditions of micro-blog politics. The micro-blog politics discussed in this article, because it takes place in the living world of ordinary people, is, in the final analysis, the realistic deduction of life politics, micropolitics and differential politics. The fourth chapter: the realistic mirror of micro-blog politics. This chapter describes the return of the theory from theory to reality. Based on the Sina micro-blog platform and taking the Sina influence list as the sample, 13 users were randomly selected to carry out a classification survey, and based on the list of topics and the list of events ranked by the Sina micro-blog data center in 2014.03.01 -2014.03.31 time period, the individual position and narrative research, the use of influence index, and psychological index were analyzed. The fifth chapter: the theoretical explanation of micro-blog politics. According to the analysis data of the fourth chapter, this chapter puts forward the three theoretical ideas of micro-blog Politics: first, the formation path of micro-blog politics is a crisscross of two maps. View: in the longitudinal dimension, following the evolution path from the individual to the society, the neck friends seek the power politics of "my territory and me", the circle hopes to obtain the "identity politics" with the realistic identity, while the society points to the "order politics" of public governance. In the horizontal time dimension, the micro-blog politics distinctly distinguishes it into There are no things in two states. The gossip and the quick aggregation of things in the absence of events together deduce the life political orientation and liberation political eruption in the micro-blog world. Second, the strength of the micro-blog politics shows the penetration of the power from the bottom to the top: the neck friends are not exhausted by participating in the politics, affecting the public events and supervising the public. Power proves that "civilians and Shakespeare" are running together, and everyone can act as a positive energy for journalists. Third, the value reshaping of micro-blog's politics is shown as a system of internal and external support. Because of the fragmented, instant, and other characteristics of micro-blog, and the migration of celebrities from real life to the world of the Internet, how is it plastic To create a more tolerant and free public sphere, to provide reassurance for the individuals and circles in which it is in it, and the security of the system is a problem that micro-blog must face in the value construction.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D669
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本文编号：1830855