西方哲学游戏论视域下的体育本质解释

发布时间：2018-05-02 11:57

  本文选题：体育哲学 + 体育本质　； 参考：《南京师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：体育现实的困境在一定程度上源于体育思想的匮乏,而体育思想的匮乏则在很大程度上源自对体育本质认识的不足。因此,对体育本质的探究是体育理论研究不可或缺的组成部分。而我国体育本质研究现状中长期存在着的概念的窠臼、体育的失落与发展的僵滞等弊病,更使体育本质研究在其重要性之外显得更为必要而紧迫。基于此,本研究选择在哲学诠释学的方法论指引下,以西方哲学中的游戏说为理论基础,将游戏视为体育本质的一种研究视域,从竞技、观众、规则、荣誉和自由五个方面逐步深入的展开对体育本质的一种哲学解释。竞技是在游戏视域下对体育本质进行哲学解释的一个起点。抽象的竞技从动物竞逐到社会竞争、再到社会竞争意识的形成及其常态化的发展过程,具象化在体育中,则相应的体现为从动物性身体对抗到技术化身体对抗、再到战术化竞技与竞技观念实在化的发展过程。这一过程形式上看是对体育中竞争本质的抽象与遮蔽,实质上则是对体育中竞争本质的渗透与升华。观众是体育本质不可或缺的主体存在。现有研究过多的将观众视为体育过程中的看客而非主体,实质上是对观众主体性及其自我尊严的蔑视。因此,对体育本质的认识需要转变对观众身份的认同,将他们视作体育中有着鲜明自我尊严的主体存在来看待,在认可的前提下给予尊重,而这也是对观众个体自我尊严的一种承认的体现。规则是体育本质得以延续和发展的根本,也是体育本身额内在发展需求。规则在体育中的运行需要保持一种动态的界限,一方面体育需要构筑起有着明确的时间界限的、自身独立的空间,另一方面体育也需要表现为一种可持续发展着的历史过程,具有可重复性。同时,规则在体育中的运行还需要得到体育参与者的普遍认同,由此确立的体育参与个体间的平等性,也体现了体育本质的公平性特征。荣誉是体育之于人的象征性存在,也是体育本质的一种象征性体现。金牌战略的异化源自被工具化了的荣誉观对体育本质的背离,体育中的荣誉应当摒弃工具化的束缚,在深化竞争意识的同时淡化竞争的符号价值。在体育过程中,竞技能力是荣誉得以创造的基础,规则意识的内化是荣誉产生的前提,符号化的表征与利益的赋予则是荣誉的一种客观化的显现。自由是体育中人的自我实现,也是体育本质所追求的根本目的所在。体育中的自由应当是人的内在冲动力在超越外在束缚后逐渐生成的一种自由意志。这种自由意志在人的理性认识的渗透下逐渐成为一种有原则的、规范化了的理性意志。约束使体育中的自由感受成为可能,而自由提供的对未知界限的空间感,则是自由赋予体育中的人最核心的价值所在。
[Abstract]:To some extent, the predicament of sports reality stems from the lack of sports thought, and the lack of sports thought is due to the lack of understanding of the essence of sports to a great extent. Therefore, the exploration of sports essence is an indispensable part of sports theory research. However, the long-term concept of sports essence research in our country, the loss of sports and the stagnation of development make the study of sports essence more necessary and urgent than its importance. Therefore, under the guidance of the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics and based on the theory of game theory in western philosophy, this study regards the game as a kind of research field of the essence of sports, from the competition, the audience, the rule, and so on. The five aspects of honor and freedom gradually unfold a philosophical explanation of the essence of sports. Athletics is a starting point for philosophical explanation of the essence of sports in the field of game. Abstract competition from animal competition to social competition, and then to the formation of social competitive consciousness and its regular development process, concrete in sports, the corresponding embodiment is from animal body confrontation to technical physical confrontation. Then to the tactical competitive and competitive concept of the development process of reality. In form, this process is the abstraction and shielding of the essence of competition in sports, and the infiltration and sublimation of the essence of competition in sports in essence. Audience is the essential subject of sports. The present research regards the audience as a spectator rather than a subject in the process of sports, which is in essence a contempt for the spectator's subjectivity and its self-dignity. Therefore, the understanding of the essence of sports needs to change the identity of the audience, to regard them as the main body with distinct self-dignity in sports, and to respect them under the premise of recognition. This is also an admission of the individual self-dignity of the audience. Rules are the basis of the continuation and development of the essence of sports, and also the inner development demand of sports itself. The operation of rules in sports needs to maintain a dynamic boundary. On the one hand, sports need to build a clear time limit, independent space, on the other hand, sports also need to be a kind of sustainable development of the historical process. It has repeatability. At the same time, the operation of the rules in sports also needs to be generally recognized by the sports participants, thus establishing the equality between the individual sports participants, but also reflects the equity of the nature of sports characteristics. Honor is not only the symbolic existence of sports to people, but also a symbolic embodiment of the essence of sports. The alienation of gold medal strategy originates from the deviation of the concept of honor from the essence of sports. The honor in sports should abandon the bondage of instrumentalization and weaken the symbolic value of competition while deepening the sense of competition. In the process of sports, competitive ability is the basis of the creation of honor, the internalization of rule consciousness is the premise of the emergence of honor, and the representation of symbolization and the giving of benefits is an objective manifestation of honor. Freedom is not only the self-realization of people in sports, but also the fundamental aim of the essence of sports. Freedom in sports should be a kind of free will which the inner impulse of human gradually produces after surmounting the external bondage. This kind of free will has gradually become a kind of rational will with principle and standardization under the infiltration of human rational cognition. Constraints make it possible to feel free in sports, and the sense of space provided by freedom to unknown boundaries is the core value that freedom gives to people in sports.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G80
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本文编号：1833782