刚性维稳压力下的基层政府动员研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 11:51

本文选题：刚性维稳 + 基层政府　；参考：《苏州大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：无论是在解放战争时期还是在社会主义改造,乃至今天现代化建设中,作为具体形态的政府动员能使党和国家在必要时候集中精力于既定目标,有效动员全社会的资源为之奋斗,在一些情况下能产生其他管理方式难以企及的施政效应,在理性官僚制度缺失、公民社会不成熟和社会自组织能力弱下的晚发外生型现代化国家,政府动员至少可以被认为是一定约束条件下治理方式的次优选择。然而在改革开放后社会急剧变革的今天,市场化改革在带来经济迅猛发展的同时,也因资源分配方式的转变使得改革初期国家统一分配下获得均等利益的群体逐渐分化,农村与小城镇越来越呈现边缘化,农民与城市失业者成为弱势群体,在改革中感到自身利益受损。而从当前国情而言,又难以在全国范围内做到绝对公平,理想与现实的落差更加剧了基层民众心中的不公平感,进而上升为对现实的不满与对体制的质疑。传统的“运动式动员”因意识形态的式微与政府权威下坠而效用能力下降,又因管控思维与刚性特征而在权利意识至上的今天易遭致反感,而降至次要地位,而不被高频率使用。在此背景下,“策略化动员”因灵活高效、风险较低而成为刚性维稳压力下基层政府日常实践中的倾向选择。“策略化动员”依赖于具体策略的运用,它不是遵循正规化、理性化的官僚制逻辑,而是一种“策略化”的逻辑。即基层政权缺乏稳定、抽象和普遍主义的运作规则,而是功利主义地将各类方法、技术、规则、手段和策略——不论其性质和实施成本如何——作为运作的规则。在当前的基层政权运作中,“摆平”或“搞定”是“策略化动员”在具体运作中的关键词,同时也是基层干部对策略主义逻辑的生动解读。由于乡土中国的变迁,当前的基层社会既非完全遵从礼治秩序也非完全基于现代公共规则行事,而是一个传统权威与规范缺失、现代权威与秩序尚未建立、多重规范和价值相互竞争与并存的“结构混乱”的社会。在这样的基层社会之中,压力维稳与公民维权双重压力之下的基层政府以策略化的逻辑,采用各种非正式策略对基层社会进行策略治理,往往能够避免正面冲突,高效解决问题,起到刚性制度难以起到的作用。但非正式策略的运用也侵蚀了正式制度的运行空间,动摇了正式制度的权威性,也增加了利益主体的机会主义行为,严重地影响基层政府合法性的“规则基础”,降低基层民众对基层政府的信任基础,对宏观的国家治理也构成了巨大威胁。从长远来看,基层治理积极追求有效性的过程,也应该同时伴随着合法性的累积过程。两个过程要形成相互促进的关系,政治体系必须把自身的有效性建设和积累与合法性的累积结合起来,使有效性建设包含有合法性的追求。”政策实践中基层政府需摆脱对单纯“有效性”的依赖,谋求意识形态、制度与有效性的有机结合,只有民众真正接受与主动认同才能构建长久稳固的合法性基础。
[Abstract]:Whether it is in the period of the liberation war or in the socialist transformation, and in today's modernization, the mobilization of the government, as a specific form of government, can make the party and the state concentrate on the established goals, mobilize the resources of the whole society to strive for it, and in some cases can produce the administrative effects that other management methods are difficult to reach. With the lack of rational bureaucrat system, the immature civil society and the weak social self-organization ability, the government mobilization can at least be considered as the suboptimal choice for the governance mode under certain constraints. However, in today's rapid social reform after the reform and opening up, the market-oriented reform has brought the same rapid economic development. At the same time, the transformation of the distribution mode of resources makes the group that obtain the equal benefit gradually differentiate under the unified distribution of the state in the early period of the reform. The rural and small towns are becoming more and more marginalized. The peasants and the urban unemployed become the disadvantaged groups, and they feel their own interests are damaged in the reform. Absolutely fair, the gap between the ideal and the reality aggravates the sense of injustice in the heart of the grass-roots people, and then rises to the discontent of the reality and the question of the system. The traditional "sports mobilization" has fallen because of the decline of the ideology and the authority of the government, and the supremacy of the right consciousness because of the control of thinking and the characteristics of rigidity. In this context, "strategic mobilization" has become a tendency in the daily practice of grass-roots government under rigid and stable pressure in this context. "Strategic mobilization" depends on the use of specific strategies. It does not follow the regularized, rationalized bureaucracy. Logic is a "strategically" logic. That is, the lack of stable, abstract and universalism rules at the grass-roots level, but utilitarian methods, techniques, rules, means and strategies, regardless of their nature and implementation costs, as the rules of operation. "Doing it" is a key word in the concrete operation of "strategic mobilization" and a vivid interpretation of strategic logic at the grass-roots level. Because of the change in local China, the current grass-roots society does not fully comply with the rule of ritual and not entirely based on modern public rules, but a traditional authority and lack of norms and modern rights. In such a grass-roots society, the grass-roots government, under the dual pressure of pressure stability and civil rights, adopts a variety of informal strategies to govern the grass-roots society in such a grass-roots society. The use of the informal strategy has also eroded the operational space of the formal system, shaken the authority of the formal system, increased the opportunistic behavior of the main body, seriously affected the "rule base" of the legitimacy of the grass-roots government, and reduced the grassroots government to the grass-roots administration. In the long run, the process of pursuing the effectiveness of grass-roots governance should also be accompanied by the cumulative process of legitimacy in the long run. The two processes should form a mutually promoting relationship, and the political system must build up its own effectiveness and accumulation and the accumulation of legitimacy. In the policy practice, the grass-roots government should get rid of the dependence on the simple "validity" and seek the organic combination of ideology, system and effectiveness in policy practice. Only the real acceptance and active identification of the people can build a long and stable foundation of legitimacy.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】