互联网金融消费者保护研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 02:17

本文选题：互联网金融 + 消费者权益　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文首先在绪论中介绍了互联网金融消费者保护的研究背景、意义以及研究概况后,在第2章介绍了互联网金融保护的一般概念和理论基础。互联网金融本质上是一种去信用中介的新金融模式,本文所论述的互联网金融重点是体现互联网金融典型去信用中介特点的P2P网络借贷和股权众筹融资。互联网金融消费者应当属于《消费者权益保护法》所指的消费者范畴,并且包括金融投资者和法人实体,指的是与互联网金融经营者建立金融服务合同关系,通过互联网技术或平台购买金融商品、接受金融服务的自然人或法人。互联网金融消费者保护的主要理论依据是信息不对称理论,由于金融经营者与消费者双方信息分布不对称,容易导致在金融交易中发生逆向选择和道德风险。当前金融监管理论从双峰理论发展到更加侧重消费者保护。互联网金融市场具有双边市场平台的特点,在双边市场理论的框架下考察我国互联网金融的竞争具有重要理论意义。在第3章,本文论述了加强对互联网金融消费者保护具有迫切必要性。首先互联网金融存在行业特殊性需要加强消费者保护,互联网金融产品本身具有专业性和复杂性,互联网金融交易双方存在信息不对称性,互联网金融交易双方地位的不平等性。其次,互联网金融消费者的权利实现面临特殊困境,互联网金融消费者权利具有特殊性,消费者的安全权更为突出,公平交易权遭遇严峻挑战,受教育权有待增强。再次,互联网金融消费者的权利实现存在法制困境,消费者保护立法缺失,互联网金融行业存在监管套利,互联网金融消费者的纠纷解决机制不畅。此外,互联网金融市场竞争格局危及消费者保护,行业内部竞争呈现出集中趋势,互联网金融与传统金融呈现无序竞争,整体互联网金融市场竞争状况不利于消费者权益保护。总之,从行业特殊性、权利实现情况、法制建设情况以及竞争格局方面都存在许多不利于消费者保护的因素,迫切需要金融监管介入加强金融消费者保护。在第4章,本文论述了互联网金融经营者与消费者的冲突与协调。首先,互联网金融经营者的说明义务与消费者知情权存在冲突,金融消费者利益受到侵害的源自金融专业知识匮乏、对金融产品存在认知偏差,应当对经营者的说明义务进行规制,进一步规范经营者不说明、虚假说明和提供主观断定判断行为。其次,金融经营者应当严格遵循适当性原则,不仅要求金融经营者推介的金融产品适当,也要求其推介行为应当符合劝诱行为适当的要求,应当对金融产品或者服务的专业性及风险等级进行评估管理,完善金融消费者风险承受能力测评制度,将合适的金融产品或服务提供给适当的金融消费者。再次,互联网金融征信的复杂性和不确定性导致金融消费者信息安全面临巨大挑战,个人隐私保护成为了制约互联网金融发展的瓶颈,要进一步对互联网征信数据采集与使用进行明确,平衡互联网征信信息共享与个人隐私保护的冲突。此外,互联网金融市场具有明显的双边市场特征,在制定互联网金融监管政策时,应该充分考虑双边市场的基本规律,采取不同于传统监管的思路与制度构建,以维护互联网金融市场消费者权益保护需要。在第5章,本文实证分析了P2P网贷模式中的消费者保护。P2P网贷典型体现了互联网金融的核心特点,是一类具有代表意义的互联网金融发展模式,在国际上发展的典型代表是美国Lendingclub公司,在国内发展的典型代表是陆金所。本文对二者运营模式对消费者的影响进行实证比较,对其中影响到互联网金融消费者权益的可能因素进行分析。美国监管部门5EC认定Lendingclub构成发行证券,应按照证券模式进行监管,通过充分的信息披露对互联网金融消费者进行保护。陆金所对国际上的P2P网贷模式进行了一定的演化和变型。陆金所模式在中国的变型引发了一系列法律风险,在风险控制、信息披露、资产证券化与债权转让模式等方面都危及消费者保护,需要加强金融监管对P2P网贷消费者进行充分保护。通过理论与实证研究论证,本文在第6章提出了我国互联网金融消费者法律保护路径选择。要确立向互联网金融消费者倾斜、适度保护的基本原则,倾斜保护是缓解金融信息不对称的内在要求,适度保护原则是实现交易双方信息平衡的基本遵循。我国互联网金融领域面临立法缺位困境,要尽快制定互联网金融消费者保护专门立法,同时还要制定类型化的互联网金融专项规制立法。特别要建立互联网金融消费争议处理制度,借鉴国际上金融申诉专员制度的成功实践经验,构建适合国情的争议处理制度。在现有监管框架下加强互联网金融监管协调机制,注重不同监管部门之间的监管协调。要创新互联网金融监管基本制度建设,保持适当的风险容忍度,维护金融创新与消费者保护的平衡；坚持负面清单原则,原则性监管与规则性监管相结合；注重信息披露,坚持透明度监管：加强行业自律,充分发挥第三方监督作用。
[Abstract]:This article first introduces the research background, significance and research situation of Internet financial consumer protection in the introduction. After the second chapter, it introduces the general concept and theoretical basis of Internet financial protection. Internet finance is a new financial model which is essentially a kind of credit intermediary. The emphasis of this article is to reflect the interconnection of Internet finance. Internet Finance typically goes to P2P network lending and equity financing. Internet financial consumers should belong to the consumer category referred to in the consumer protection law, including financial investors and corporate entities, referring to Internet Financial operator Jian Lijin, through Internet technology or by Internet technology. The main theoretical basis for the protection of Internet financial consumers is the information asymmetry theory. The asymmetric distribution of information between the financial operators and the consumers will lead to adverse selection and moral hazard in financial transactions. The current financial supervision theory is from Shuangfeng. The theory has developed to more consumer protection. The Internet financial market has the characteristics of bilateral market platform. It is of great theoretical significance to examine the competition of Internet Finance in China under the framework of bilateral market theory. In the third chapter, this paper discusses the urgency of strengthening the protection of Internet financial consumers. The particularity of the existing industry needs to strengthen the consumer protection, the Internet financial product itself has the specialty and complexity, the information asymmetry of the two sides of the Internet financial transactions, the uneven status of the two sides of the Internet financial transactions. Secondly, the realization of the rights and interests of the Internet Financial Consumers is facing special difficulties, and the Internet Financial Consumers The rights of the consumers are more special, the right of the security of the consumers is more prominent, the right to fair transaction is faced with severe challenges, and the right to education needs to be strengthened. Again, the rights of the Internet financial consumers have the legal dilemma, the consumer protection legislation is missing, the Internet financial industry has regulatory arbitrage, and the dispute settlement mechanism of the Internet financial consumers is not smooth. In addition, the competition pattern of the Internet financial market endangers the consumer protection, the internal competition in the industry presents a centralized trend, the Internet Finance and the traditional finance are disorderly, and the overall competition status of the Internet financial market is not conducive to the protection of the rights and interests of consumers. In a word, from the particularity of the industry, the realization of rights, the construction of the legal system and the competition In the fourth chapter, the conflict and coordination between Internet financial operators and consumers is discussed in the fourth chapter. First, there is conflict between the explanation obligation of Internet financial operators and the right to know the consumers, and the profit of the financial consumers is good. Due to the lack of financial professional knowledge and cognitive bias on financial products, it is necessary to regulate the obligations of the operators, to further standardize the operators' non explanation, false explanation and to provide subjective judgment behavior. Secondly, the financial operators should strictly follow the principle of appropriateness and not only request the financial operators to recommend them. The appropriate financial products should also meet the appropriate requirements of the persuasion, the evaluation and management of the professional and risk levels of financial products or services, the improvement of the financial consumer risk tolerance assessment system, and the provision of appropriate financial products or services to the appropriate financial consumers. The complexity and uncertainty of the network financial credit leads to the huge challenge to the information security of the financial consumers. Personal privacy protection has become a bottleneck restricting the development of Internet finance. It is necessary to further clarify the data collection and use of Internet credit, to balance the conflict between the information sharing of Internet information and the protection of personal privacy. The network financial market has obvious characteristics of bilateral market. In the formulation of the Internet financial supervision policy, we should fully consider the basic rules of the bilateral market, adopt different ideas and systems which are different from the traditional supervision, in order to protect the protection needs of the consumer rights and interests of the Internet financial market. In the fifth chapter, this paper empirically analyses the P2P net loan model. Consumer protection.P2P net loan typically embodies the core characteristics of Internet finance, is a representative of the Internet financial development model, the typical representative of the international development is the American Lendingclub company, the typical representative of the domestic development is Lu Jin. This paper makes an empirical comparison of the influence of the two mode of operation on the consumer. The possible factors affecting the rights and interests of the Internet financial consumers are analyzed. The United States regulatory agency 5EC believes that Lendingclub constitutes the issue of securities, which should be regulated in accordance with the securities model and protect the Internet financial consumers through full disclosure of information. Lu Jin has evolved a certain evolution of the P2P net loan model on the international level. The pattern of Lu Jin's pattern in China has caused a series of legal risks, which endanger consumer protection in the aspects of risk control, information disclosure, asset securitization and the transfer of creditor's rights. It is necessary to strengthen financial supervision to protect consumers of P2P net fully. Through theory and demonstration, the sixth chapter puts forward me in this paper. China's Internet financial consumer legal protection path choice. To establish the basic principle of the Internet financial consumers inclined, moderate protection, inclined protection is the inherent requirement to alleviate the financial information asymmetry, the principle of moderate protection is the basic compliance of the information balance of the two parties. The special legislation of Internet financial consumer protection should be formulated as soon as possible, and the special regulation legislation of Internet finance should be formulated. In particular, it is necessary to establish an internet financial consumption dispute processing system, draw on the successful practice experience of the International Financial Ombudsman System, and construct a dispute handling system suitable for the national conditions. Under the framework, we should strengthen the coordination mechanism of Internet financial supervision, pay attention to the supervision and coordination between different regulatory departments. We should innovate the basic system construction of Internet financial supervision, maintain the appropriate risk tolerance, maintain the balance of financial innovation and consumer protection, adhere to the principle of negative list, combine principle supervision with regular supervision, and pay attention to the letter. Interest disclosure, adhere to transparency regulation: strengthen industry self-discipline, give full play to the role of the third party supervision.

【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.8

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