自主动作引发感知衰减的特征及机制

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:25

本文选题：自主动作 + 感知觉　；参考：《上海体育学院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：自主动作是一类基于对动作目标的预期所产生的动作,它是体育活动的基本组成环节,也是体育科研的热点。自主动作可以对感知加工产生影响,其中一种特殊的现象被称为感知衰减。但目前有关自主动作引起感知衰减的研究中,往往还存在以下几点问题:首先,自主动作能否引起感知衰减仍存在争议;其次,自主动作引起感知衰减的原因仍不清楚,存在两种互相矛盾的假说;最后,缺少对自主动作引发感知衰减的积极意义的探索。因此,本研究采用多个行为学实验,对自主动作引起感知衰减现象从以上三个方面依次进行探索,分别回答以下三个问题:1)自主动作是否可以引起对物体运动感知的衰减;2)自主动作引起感知衰减的特征及机制;3)自主动作引起感知衰减的积极意义。旨在对自主动作这一体育活动中最基本组成单位如何影响感知过程进行深入的挖掘,进而在理论上丰富相关知识,并为未来指导实践工作提供理论储备。研究一采用经典的和改进的实验范式,通过引入信号检测论,对自主动作可以引发感知衰减进行确认;研究二中,首先通过控制自主动作和效果的不同时间间隔,探索自主动作引起感知衰减的衰减特征,其次通过引入被试主观报告法,验证预激活假说和抑制假说的正确性;研究三主要讨论自主动作引起感知衰减的积极意义,首先通过行为学实验,探索个体对动作效果的反应速度受自主动作的影响,其次通过引入两个不同的自主动作,探索个体对不同自主动作效果的辨别能力受自主动作的影响。研究主要结果显示:(1)经典任务范式中,被试在自主动作条件下,反应准确率变化不显著;但是在改进的任务范式中,自主动作条件下,被试的辨别力d'显著小于非自主动作条件下,反应标准c变化不显著;单独的预判加工无法引起辨别力d'的变化。(2)实验3中,下自主动作执行前300ms至执行后150ms的时间中,每150ms划分一个时间段,在三段时间内,被试自主动作条件下的辨别力d'都显著降低;实验4中,被试在刺激强度小的情况下,对自主动作条件下的刺激强度的主观评分显著高于非自主动作条件下,在高强度刺激下,则差异不显著。(3)实验5中,自主动作条件下,被试对动作效果的反应速度显著更快;实验6发现被试在自主动作条件下对不同动作效果的辨别力d'更高,二实验6c发现,预判并不能提高被试对不同效果的辨别力d'。研究结论:(1)自主动作可以引发对物体运动方向一致性判断的感知衰减,表现为行为上的准确率的降低和辨别力d'的下降;这种感知衰减只能由自主动作引发,预判等过程并不能引发感知衰减。(2)自主动作引起感知衰减具有重要的时间窗口,在动作执行前300ms至动作执行后的150ms内,自主动作可以引起感知衰减,在此时间以外不能引起感知衰减。(3)自主动作引起感知衰减的原因是自主动作可以引起相应效果的感知加工发生预先激活,根据信号检测论,预激活可以导致对目标感知表现出衰减的现象。(4)自主动作引起感知衰减的一个积极意义是加速对动作效果的反应速度,另一个积极意义是提高对不同自主动作的效果的辨别能力。
[Abstract]:Autonomous action is a kind of action based on the expectation of the action target. It is the basic component of sports activities, and it is also a hot spot in sports scientific research. Autonomous action can affect the perceptual processing. One of the special phenomena is called perceptual attenuation. There are still some problems as follows: first, there are still disputes on whether the autonomous action can cause perceptual attenuation; secondly, the reasons for the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action are still unclear, there are two contradictory hypotheses; finally, there is a lack of positive significance for the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action. Therefore, this study uses a number of behavioral experiments, The spontaneous action causes the phenomenon of perceptual attenuation from the above three aspects to answer the following three questions: 1) whether the autonomous action can cause the attenuation of the perception of the motion of the object; 2) the characteristics and mechanism of the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action; 3) the positive significance of the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action. How does the basic unit affect the cognitive process in depth mining, and then enrich the relevant knowledge in theory, and provide theoretical reserve for the future guiding practice. In the second, we first explore the attenuation characteristics of perceptual attenuation by controlling the different time intervals of autonomous action and effect. Secondly, the validity of preactivation hypothesis and suppressing hypothesis is verified by the introduction of subjective report method of subjects. Three the positive significance of perceptual attenuation caused by autonomous action is discussed, first of all through behavior. In the experiment, the response speed of individual to action effect is influenced by independent action. Secondly, by introducing two different autonomous actions, the individual's ability to distinguish the effect of different autonomous actions is influenced by autonomous action. The main results show that (1) in the classical task paradigm, the accuracy rate of the reaction under the condition of independent action The change is not significant; but in the improved task paradigm, under the condition of independent action, the d'of the subjects is significantly less than the independent action condition, the change of the reaction standard C is not significant; the separate prejudgment processing can not cause the change of the discriminative d'. (2) in the Experiment 3, each 150ms is divided in the time from the initiative before execution to the execution 150ms. In a period of time, in the three period of time, the discriminability d'of the subjects under the condition of independent action was significantly reduced; in Experiment 4, the subjective score of the stimulus intensity under the condition of independent action was significantly higher than that under the condition of non autonomous action under the condition of small stimulus intensity, and the difference was not significant under the high intensity stimulus. (3) in Experiment 5, autonomous action. Under conditions, the response speed of the subjects to the action effect was significantly faster; in Experiment 6, the d'was found to be more discriminative of the different action effects under the condition of independent action. Two experimental 6C found that the pre judgment did not improve the d'. research conclusions of the different effects on the subjects: (1) the autonomous action could lead to the judgment of the consistency of the direction of the motion of the object. Perceptual attenuation, characterized by a reduction in the accuracy of behavior and a decline in discrimination d'; this perceptual attenuation can only be triggered by autonomous action, and the process of prejudgement can not cause perceptual attenuation. (2) autonomous action causes perceptual attenuation to have an important time window, and the autonomous action can be performed in the 300ms to the 150ms after the execution of action before the action is executed. Perception attenuation can not cause perceptual attenuation outside of this time. (3) the cause of perceptual attenuation caused by autonomous action is pre activation of perceptual processing that can cause the corresponding effect. According to signal detection theory, pre activation can cause attenuation to target perception. (4) an autonomous action causes perceptual attenuation. The positive significance is to speed up the reaction speed to the action effect, and the other positive significance is to improve the discriminating ability of the effects of different autonomous actions.

【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.8

【参考文献】