创新价值链视角下高校科技创新效率研究
发布时间:2018-05-19 02:28
本文选题:创新价值链 + 高等学校 ; 参考:《合肥工业大学》2016年博士论文
【摘要】:高校是我国实施自主创新战略的重要力量,但在科技创新过程中,一直存在着创新资源投入产出效率不高的问题。随着国家创新战略的实施,高校科技创新投入不断加大,如何改善资源利用低效的状况显得尤为重要。本文对我国高校科技创新效率进行研究,可为高校科技创新系统的政策制定和实施提供实证基础,对高校科技创新投入资源的优化配置和提升高校科技创新产出水平具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。围绕高校科技创新效率的研究,国内外学者进行了广泛而深入的探索,但现有研究将高校科技创新活动视为一个“黑箱”过程,无法探析高校科技创新系统过程中各个子过程对系统整体创新效率的影响,也不利于找到低效的根源。本文基于创新价值链视角,将高等学校科技创新活动分解为知识产出阶段和成果转化阶段,在此基础上,从高校科技创新各子阶段创新效率和整体创新效率的变化状况、内外部影响因素、动态变化成因、收敛性特征及外溢效应等方面进行了探索性研究。本文的创新性工作及主要研究结论如下:第一,从创新价值链的视角研究了高校科技创新活动各子阶段创新效率和整体创新效率的变化状况及内外部影响因素。实证结果表明:知识产出阶段的创新效率稳步增长,成果转化阶段的创新效率缓慢下降,整体创新效率保持总体平稳态势;知识产出阶段和成果转化阶段之间的关联有效性较弱;高校的科技活动交流对知识产出效率、成果转化效率和整体效率的提升具有显著的促进作用;以R&D人员中科学家和工程师的比例表征的R&D人员素质与知识产出效率、整体创新效率显著正相关,与成果转化效率非显著负相关;样本期间,加大政府对高校科技创新活动的支持力度不能有效提升知识产出效率和整体创新效率,政府经费资助出现规模不经济的现象;高校与企业之间的联结关系对成果转化效率具有显著正影响。第二,从创新价值链的视角研究了高校科技创新活动各子阶段创新效率的动态变化轨迹,并从技术进步、纯技术效率、规模效率等层面定量分析了高校科技创新效率变化的动因。实证结果表明:在样本期间,不断增长的科研能力有效支撑了知识产出效率的平稳提升,而相对落后的科研产出管理制度减缓了知识产出效率的增长速度;日趋完善的成果转化管理制度推动了成果转化效率的提升,而知识成果技术创新程度总体走低阻碍了成果转化效率的增长。第三,从创新价值链视角检验了高校科技创新活动各子阶段创新效率的空间相关性,在此基础上将空间效应纳入高等学校科技创新效率的收敛性研究之中,并对比分析考虑空间效应影响和不考虑空间效应影响下的高校科技创新效率的收敛性特征差异。实证结果表明:知识产出效率、成果转化效率均存在显著的绝对β收敛特征和条件β收敛特征,考虑空间效应影响以后,知识产出效率和成果转化效率的收敛速度加快,半程收敛时间明显缩短;在整个样本期内,东、中、西部地区高校的知识产出效率和中、西部地区高校的成果转化效率不存在俱乐部收敛特征,而在2007-2010年时间段,中、西部地区的知识产出效率和东、中、西部地区高校成果转化效率存在显著的俱乐部收敛特征。第四,从创新价值链视角检验分析了高校科技创新活动各子各阶段创新效率的空间外溢效应,并讨论了不同空间权重矩阵下的外溢效应差异及原因。实证结果显示:知识产出效率的空间外溢效应为正,但不显著;成果转化效率的空间外溢效应显著为正,表明某区域成果转化效率的提升能够对相邻区域产生很好的促进作用。从不同空间权重类型下的检验结果来看,地理距离和人力资本对知识产出效率外溢效应的影响无显著差异;相对于地理距离因素,经济发展水平对成果转化效率外溢效应的影响程度较大。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities . It can provide an empirical foundation for the innovation efficiency of science and technology innovation system in colleges and universities , and how to improve the output level of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities .
The correlation between the knowledge output stage and the outcome transformation stage is weak ;
The exchange of scientific and technological activities in colleges and universities has a remarkable promoting effect on the efficiency of knowledge output , the conversion efficiency of results and the improvement of overall efficiency ;
The R & D personnel quality characterized by the proportion of scientists and engineers in R & D personnel was positively correlated with the efficiency of knowledge output and overall innovation efficiency .
During the sample period , increasing the government ' s support for scientific and technological innovation activities can not effectively improve the efficiency of knowledge output and the overall innovation efficiency .
Second , from the angle of view of innovation value chain , the dynamic dynamic track of innovation efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities is studied , and the reason of the change of efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities is analyzed quantitatively from the perspective of innovation value chain .
Third , from the perspective of innovation value chain , the spatial correlation of innovation efficiency of science and technology innovation in colleges and universities is examined .
In the whole sample period , the efficiency of knowledge output in universities in the east , middle and western regions and the transformation efficiency of the universities in the western region do not exist . In the period of 2007 - 2010 , the efficiency of knowledge output in the western region and the efficiency of the transformation of the results of the universities in the east , middle and western regions are significant .
The results show that the effect of geographic distance and human capital on the efficiency of knowledge output efficiency is not significantly different from the test results of different spatial weight types .
Compared with the geographic distance factors , the level of economic development has a great impact on the spillover effect of results conversion efficiency .
【学位授予单位】:合肥工业大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:G644
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本文编号:1908320
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