三晋传统体育文化研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 04:32

本文选题：三晋 + 体育文化　；参考：《山西大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：三晋大地,历史悠久,源远流长,是厚重黄河文化的重要发源地,三晋文化,传承连绵,博大精深,为华夏文明的形成和发展作出了重要贡献。而三晋传统体育文化是底蕴深厚的三晋文化中的一颗璀璨明珠,在三晋文化研究中占有举足轻重的地位,它深深植根于三晋文化的沃土中,并以其独特的地域性和传承性一代代自我复制得以保存,其发展的形态是区域文化内在规定性的必然结果。三晋体育文化以其中华传承、丰富多彩、风格迥异、个性鲜明的特性镶嵌在五千年中华文明脉络之中,孕育着“心身并育性命双修”的传统人文理想,既是劳动人民生产和生活技能的操演,又是祖祖辈辈与时代文化相互映照的共同体,与神明和祖先交往互惠的的体现。任何一种地域文化的发展和演变既是文化内在逻辑演进的历史进程,同时也是文化空间形态变迁的地理过程,并由此产生众多的地域差异及其一系列的区域文化。然而,现有的研究缺乏对三晋大地存在的多元化复合体育文化整体全局性的把握,不能用整体的、联系的、动态发展的、层次的观点来分析体育文化事项的理路,进而割裂了体育文化与生境之间,与相应区域文化之间以及与行政、经济等空间关系之间所形成的一种潜移默化、相互作用的自然过程。缩小了体育文化的时空张力,同时已有成果对于这些非物质文化遗产在当今文化背景之下的传承与保护研究也略显不足。本研究试图以文化人类学的生物文化整体观和文化相对论为纲,以三晋大地的传统体育事项为纬,以系统论的思想审视三晋体育文化的构成与内涵,借鉴区域文化研究的范式,在方法论上以马克思主义辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义思想为指导,采用考古学、历史文献学、文化人类学和体育地理学等学科的相关研究方法,对三晋地域传统体育项目溯其源、观其流、还其本、探其律,并用动态的视角探解其在当今文化背景之下的传承与保护,这对当前缓解民族文化危机,提升和深化体育文化理论研究,实现体育文化的弘扬和传播都有重大现实意义。全文在结构上分为七个部分,首先,笔者在充分论证了本研究的选题背景和选题缘由的基础上,对所涉及的相关课题进行了必要的学术史回顾,为后续的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。其次,通过历史文献分析法解读了研究中所涉及的核心概念“三晋”与“三晋文化”,同时也对本文的研究论域进行了清晰界定。接下来的第三、四、五部分是本研究的主体部分,笔者采用“生计类型”跟“历史文化区”相结合的分类办法,将三晋分为晋北、晋中和晋南三个体育文化区域。将不同区域中典型的体育活动方式放置于其土生土长的生态和文化背景中,进行详细而认真的“解剖麻雀”式微型研究,用文化人类学解读区域体育文化与生境之间的关系,同时兼顾社会、政治、经济、文化等制约条件,运用文化人类学的观点把镶嵌于三晋文化中的体育文化用线性的语言呈现和阐释出来。研究之初,一系列的问题和假设构建起了本研究的框架和思路,“如何改变以往粗线条、静态描写的研究方式,通过鲜活典型的个案研究将三晋不同区域的体育文化特征形象逼真的展现出来?迄今镞矢的考古学发现最早出现在晋北地区,这是历史的巧合还是人类社会发展的必然选择?源自游牧民族的摔跤活动为何独在晋北地区有着悠久的历史和广泛的群众基础,并以“挠羊赛”的形式延续和传承至今?晋北地区石球的大量考古发现,又向世人展现了怎样一个投掷类运动的发展历程?明清时期形意拳、通背拳、鞭杆等一批特色鲜明的传统拳械相继产生和发展于晋中地区,是偶然的现象么?晋商对山西武术的发展与兴盛又做出了哪些贡献?晋南地区的节庆民俗活动之中又蕴涵着多少传统体育运动的元素和素材?”通过对上述问题的一一解答,研究认为三个区域拥有各自独特的发展脉络,形成了不同的体育传统特色。其中晋北地区由于其特殊的地理位置以及历代与少数民族的接壤原因,形成了多民族融合尚武情节浓重的体育文化特点；晋中地区在晋商和镖局文化的影响下,武术文化凸显,各种拳种所表现出的朴实矫健,方便实用,简洁无华的文化内涵和特点恰恰与晋商含蓄、内敛、务实的性格特点不谋而合,也是三晋文化的沉积与反映；晋南地区完全处于农耕文明区,是黄河文明的发源地,农业文明发达,农耕文化性鲜明,滋生于其中的岁时节令民俗体育文化所呈现出的传承性、民俗性和史实性正是华夏文明的突出代表。再次,笔者通过对三个地区的体育文化异同的比较,总结出三晋体育文化的特点,既原生态性和华夏文明主根脉性。三晋地区是中华文明的发源地,是华夏文化的基石和主根脉,三晋体育文化的多样性正是整个华夏文明的缩影。由于生存和生活的需要而衍生的三晋体育文化,作为一种非物质文化遗产,是当地人民一种地域性的、集体的记忆和传统,以后都发展成为当地的民俗体育,体现了浓重的原生态性。为了更进一步感受三晋体育文化独特的精神实质,笔者后续对春秋战国时期兵家思想、魏晋南北朝时期佛家思想以及明清时期晋商文化思想对三晋体育文化的发展所起的根深地步的影响进行了论证和分析。此外,笔者从文化人类学的角度对三晋区域体育文化进行了总结,并提出了三晋体育文化传承的建议。体育形式最初现身的条件来自于大自然的馈赠—能,对“能”的获取和利用,推动体育活动的产生和发展；饥饿威胁促使能的运用,从而促使体育活动的发展；环境不同,衍生出的文化也不同。而三晋体育文化的区域性、传承性和多样性正印证了这些人类学观点。最后,笔者探赜索隐,力求寻找三晋体育文化传承与发展的路径；钩深致远,矢力推进民族体育文化走向繁荣昌盛。提出的针对性发展建议如下：一是,拓宽体育文化的传播路径,尤其是让体育文化与大众传媒和学校教育相结合,加强非物质文化遗产知识的普及并纳入教育体系；二是,结合当地体育特色,多渠道、多层次、多形式发展三晋传统体育产业文化；三是,建立一支有体育文化基础的研究队伍,开展三晋体育文化学术交流；四是,要充分发挥政府的作用,加强宏观调控,健全体育文化传承保护的政策法规；五是,完善科学立法。三晋体育文化曾经拥有辉煌的历史,但现实的发展却危机重重,这种情况在一定程度上也反映了中华传统体育文化的萧条之势。本研究的最后部分针对三晋体育文化存在的问题,提出了一些可行性的意见和建议,希望能对体育文化的传承与发展起到一定实际作用。关于三晋体育文化的整体研究可以说是刚刚起步,研究的框架还不十分明确,相关的研究理论还不十分成熟,仍处于开创性的研究阶段,希望通过今后的努力能够为当代中国传统体育文化的研究和发展提供一个有益的启示。
[Abstract]:The three Jin Dynasties, with a long history and a long history, is an important source of heavy the Yellow River culture. The three Jin culture has made important contributions to the formation and development of Chinese civilization. The traditional sports culture in three Jin Dynasties is a bright pearl in the deep three Jin culture and occupies a decisive position in the study of the three Jin culture. Its position is deeply rooted in the fertile soil of the three Jin culture, and is preserved with its unique regional and inheriting self reproduction. Its development is the inevitable result of the inherent regulation of regional culture. The sports culture of Sanjin, with its Chinese heritage, is rich and colorful, and the characteristics of the style are inlaid in the 5000 years of China. In the context of civilization, the traditional humanistic ideal of "heart, body and life" is conceived. It is not only the operation of the productive and living skills of the working people, but also a community reflecting each other with the culture of the times and the mutual benefit of the exchanges with the gods and ancestors. The development and evolution of any kind of ground culture is not only the inner logic of culture. The historical process of entering is also the geographical process of the change of cultural space form, and thus produces a large number of regional differences and a series of regional cultures. However, the existing research lacks the overall grasp of the overall nature of the pluralistic and complex sports culture in the three Jin Dynasties and can not be used as a whole, connected, dynamic and hierarchical. It analyzes the logical path of sports cultural matters, and then separates a subtle and interactive natural process between the sports culture and the habitat, the corresponding regional culture and the spatial relations with the administration and the economy. It has narrowed the space and time force of sports culture, and at the same time, the achievements have been made for these intangible cultural relics. The study of inheritance and protection produced under the cultural background is also slightly inadequate. This study attempts to take the overall view of cultural anthropology and cultural relativity as the outline, the traditional sports events of the three Jin Dynasties as weft, and systematic theory to examine the composition and connotation of the three Jin sports culture, and draw lessons from the paradigm of regional cultural research. On the basis of Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author adopts the related research methods of archaeology, historical philology, cultural anthropology and physical geography. It traces its source, views its current, and explores its law, and explores its cultural back in a dynamic perspective. The inheritance and protection under the scene is of great practical significance to the current relief of the national cultural crisis, the promotion and deepening of the theoretical research on sports culture, and the realization of the promotion and dissemination of sports culture. The full text is divided into seven parts. First, the author has fully demonstrated the background of this study and the reason for the selection of topics. The relevant topics have been reviewed in the necessary academic history, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the follow-up study. Secondly, through the historical literature analysis, the core concepts involved in the study, "three Jin" and "three Jin culture", are interpreted. At the same time, the research domain of this article is clearly defined. The next third, fourth and five parts are In the main part of this study, the author uses the classification method of "livelihood type" and "historical and cultural area", and divides the three Jin Dynasties into three sports culture areas in northern Shanxi, Jinzhong and South Shanxi. The miniature study of sparrow, which uses cultural anthropology to interpret the relationship between regional sports culture and habitat, and takes into account the constraints of social, political, economic and cultural conditions, presents and interprets the sports culture inlaid in the Sanjin culture with the view of cultural anthropology. At the beginning of the study, a series of problems and assumptions. The framework and ideas of this study have been set up. "How to change the past rough lines, the static description of the research way, and through fresh and typical case studies to show the vivid image of the sports cultural features in different regions of the three Jin Dynasties? So far the archaeological discoveries are first appeared in the north of Shanxi Province, which is a coincidence of history or the social development of human society." The inevitable choice of the exhibition is why the wrestling activities originating from the nomadic people have a long history and a broad mass base in the north of Shanxi Province, and continue and pass on to the present day in the form of "scratch sheep". It is an accidental phenomenon that a batch of distinctive traditional boxing, such as the general back and the whip, has been produced and developed in Jinzhong. What contributions have been made to the development and prosperity of Shanxi Wushu? One by one, the study holds that the three regions have their own unique development veins and formed different sports traditional features. In the northern Shanxi region, because of its special geographical position and the reasons for the succession of ethnic minorities, the cultural characteristics of the multi ethnic combination and the strong martial plot are formed, and the Jinzhong region is in Shanxi merchants and Biao Juwen. Under the influence of the culture, the culture of martial arts is highlighted, the simplicity and practicality of various kinds of fist, simple and pragmatic cultural connotations and characteristics are exactly the same as the Shanxi Merchants' implicit, introverted and pragmatic characteristics, and the deposition and reflection of the Sanjin culture; the southern Jinnan region is the birthplace of the Yellow River civilization. The industry civilization is developed, the farming culture is distinct, the age of age which is born in it makes folklore sports culture inherit, folkloric and historical is the outstanding representative of Chinese civilization. Again, the author compares the similarities and differences of sports culture between the three regions, and summarizes the characteristics of the three Jin Sports culture, both the original ecology and the Chinese civilization. The three Jin region is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cornerstone of Chinese culture and the main root of Chinese culture. The diversity of sports culture in Sanjin is the epitome of the whole Chinese civilization. The three Jin sports culture, derived from the needs of existence and life, is a regional and collective memory of the local people as a kind of intangible cultural heritage. In order to further feel the spiritual essence of the unique sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties, the author followed the thoughts of the soldiers in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the Buddhism thought in the period of the Wei, Jin, the northern and Southern Dynasties and the development of the sports culture of the Jin Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, the author makes a demonstration and Analysis on the influence of deep roots. In addition, the author sums up the sports culture in the three Jin regions from the angle of cultural anthropology, and puts forward some suggestions on the inheritance of sports culture in the three Jin Dynasties. The original condition of the form of sports comes from the gift of nature, the acquisition and utilization of "energy", and the promotion of sports activities. The emergence and development; the threat of hunger impels the use of energy, thus promoting the development of sports activities; the environment is different, and the cultures derived are different. And the regional, inheriting and diversity of the sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties confirm these anthropological views. Finally, the author seeks to seek the path of the inheritance and development of the sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties. The suggestions are as follows: first, to broaden the path of sports culture, especially to combine sports culture with mass media and school education, to strengthen the knowledge of intangible cultural heritage and to bring into the educational system; two, combined with local sports. Characteristics, multi-channel, multi-level, multi form development of the traditional sports industry culture in three Jin Dynasties; three, establish a research team with sports culture foundation, carry out the academic exchange of sports culture in three Jin Dynasties; four, to give full play to the role of the government, strengthen macro-control and improve the policies and regulations of the protection of sports culture; and five, perfect science The sports culture in Sanjin once had a glorious history, but the development of the reality was in crisis. This situation also reflected the depression of Chinese traditional sports culture to a certain extent. The last part of this study put forward some feasible opinions and suggestions aiming at the problems of sports culture in Sanjin, hoping to be able to the sports culture. The overall study of the sports culture in Sanjin can be said to be just starting, the framework of the study is not very clear, the related research theory is still not very mature, still in the pioneering research stage, and hope that through the future efforts can be enough for the research and development of contemporary Chinese Traditional Sports culture. Provide a useful inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G80-05

【参考文献】