当代中国主流价值观话语权的思想溯源与现实建构

发布时间：2018-05-30 11:36

  本文选题：主流价值观 + 话语权　； 参考：《安徽大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：当代中国主流价值观,指的是中国特色社会主义价值观,它具有鲜明的层次结构,内具终极价值目标、核心价值观以及基本价值观三大层次。终极价值目标是实现人的自由而全面发展;核心价值观是党的十八大所概括的"24"个字;基本价值观是涉及政治、经济、文化、社会、生态等具体领域的价值观。而话语权是当前学术界研究的热点问题,可以从权利以及权力两个角度来对之加以理解。对于意识形态以及价值观而言,所谓的话语权更强调的是一种"权力"。话语权是由话语主体、话语内容、话语方式、话语传播以及话语效果等诸多要素构成。当代中国主流价值观话语权可以理解为当代中国主流价值观的话语主体依据一定的原则,对当代中国主流价值观的话语内容、话语方式、话语传播以及话语效果等方面加强体系建构,通过使话语得到有效传播,从而使主流价值观实现对国内社会舆论的进一步引领,并提高国际影响的一种权力。改革开放以来,我国在经济建设上取得了显著的成就,成为了仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体,话语权正在逐渐显现。但是在意识形态、价值观领域,国际社会长期由西方主导的话语霸权格局并没有实质改变,以美国为首的西方发达国家始终利用所掌控的话语霸权,向外输出它们所谓的"普世价值观",尤其是向中国的输出,对我国社会主义主流意识形态构成巨大的威胁。为了能够维护、巩固我国社会主义主流意识形态,必须要努力提升当代中国主流价值观的话语权。由于当代中国主流价值观反映的是中国特色社会主义价值观,因此,要想对当代中国主流价值观话语权有较为深入的研究,必须要对之进行溯源。马克思主义经典作家尽管没有明确提出主流价值观话语权的概念,但是他们的著作、文献以及相关的论述中内蕴着主流价值观话语权的相关思想,能够给予当代中国主流价值观话语权建设以很大启示。马克思恩格斯认为统治阶级以及相关的思想理论工作者应当是主流价值观话语权建设的主要主体。主流价值观话语权建设必须要重视传播问题,同时也要注重提升说服力。列宁、斯大林继承和发展了马克思恩格斯关于主流价值观话语权的思想。列宁认为"灌输"是实现主流价值观话语权的有效手段,对于主流价值观话语的传播来说,必须要注重通俗化的表达方式。此外,列宁还认为不断夯实物质基础是实现与提升主流价值观话语权的有力保障,并强调注重多样化载体的运用是实现与提升主流价值观话语权的重要途径。列宁去世之后,斯大林成为了列宁的接班人,对于如何巩固和提升主流价值观话语权,他也有丰富的思想。他认为必须要高度重视党政干部话语主体的素质与能力提升问题;要推进马克思主义的不断创新、加强对青年的共产主义理想信念教育、加快经济建设,积极促进共同富裕目标的实现。中国共产党人继承和发展了马克思恩格斯、列宁、斯大林等马克思主义经典作家有关主流价值观话语权的基本思想,使主流价值观话语权思想得到进一步丰富。重视同各种反马克思主义思潮作斗争、努力实现最广大人民根本利益、高度重视大众传媒在传播主流价值观话语中的作用构成了毛泽东主流价值观话语权思想的基本内核;坚持马克思主义指导思想、大力发展生产力,提高人民生活水平、坚持将"共同富裕"作为主流价值观话语权的重要话语主题、坚决反对西方资产阶级自由化思潮、加强对主流价值观话语的有效宣传构成了邓小平主流价值观话语权的基本点;坚持并发展马克思主义、巩固和扩大舆论阵地、使民众坚定中国特色社会主义共同理想与信念构成了江泽民主流价值观话语权的基本思想;坚持以人为本的基本原则、建设社会主义核心价值体系以及推进马克思主义大众化构成了胡锦涛主流价值观话语权的主要内容。认为主流价值观话语权的提升与"中国梦"的实现密不可分、重视新兴媒体这一传播平台、通过推进全面深化改革来提升主流价值观话语权构成了以习近平为核心的党的新一届中央领导集体关于主流价值观话语权的基本思想。可见,马克思主义经典作家以及中国共产党人对于主流价值观话语权有十分丰富的思想,有利于当代中国主流价值观话语权的建构。而要想有效建构当代中国主流价值观话语权,我们也必须要理性分析当前主流价值观话语权建构所面临的挑战。主流价值观话语权建构所面临的挑战是较为严峻的,既有国际上的挑战,也有国内的挑战,还有自身所面临的困境。当前国际价值观领域呈现西方话语霸权格局、国际共运低潮期马克思主义的科学性遭到质疑以及西方凭借网络主控优势强力传播、渗透西式价值观是主流价值观话语权建构所面临的国际挑战;社会转型期社会利益分化、多样化社会思潮的发展以及中华民族传统文化还未能实现根本性的现代转化是主流价值观话语权建构所面临的国内挑战;当代中国主流价值观话语权的话语主体未能充分养成、话语内容创新不足、话语言说方式亟待优化、话语传播亟待强化等是主流价值观话语权建构所面临的自身困境。建构当代中国主流价值观话语权的意义是极为重大的,既有利于提升我国国家的文化软实力,也有利于增强对价值观领域西方话语霸权的有效回击力、使民众坚定对马克思主义的信仰。然而建构并不是杂乱无章的,必须要基于一定的原则。"坚持理论"与"立足实践"相结合、"传承弘扬"与"创新重塑"相结合、"吸收借鉴"与"批判超越"相结合是建构当代中国主流价值观话语权必须要重视的原则。对于当代中国主流价值观话语权的建构而言,在明确了具体的原则之后,必须要有可行的建构路径。由于话语权是由诸多要素构成,因此,要想提高主流价值观话语权建构的有效性,必须要从要素入手来加以建构。其一,要注重话语主体的养成。话语主体养成的基础是主体价值观自信的养成;话语主体养成的关键是加强主体间良性互动,实现由价值观自信到价值观自觉的提升。其二,要加强话语内容的创新。既要力求创造更多新概念、新范畴与新表述,构建当代中国主流价值观话语体系;也要对话语内容进行合理阐释,巩固话语内容创新成果。其三,要优化当代中国主流价值观的话语方式。要从传统政治宣传式的言说方式转为注重政治、大众和学理相统一的言说方式;要从宏大叙事的言说方式转为也注重具体且感知的言说方式;要从权威式的言说方式转变为也注重平等对话交流的言说方式;要加强话语国际表达力建设,促进中国话语与世界话语相对接。其四,要强化当代中国主流价值观的话语传播。要加强新兴媒体的传播与运用,新兴与传统媒体有机融合;要积极运用国际会议、相关的文化机构与组织以及对外援助计划等方式来推动话语传播。其五,要重视对当代中国主流价值观话语效果的评价与反馈。既要选择适宜的评价主体,将权威评价活动与民众评价活动相结合,也要建立客观的评价标准,科学评估话语效果。此外,还要建立相关的反馈体系并优化信息反馈平台。
[Abstract]:The mainstream values in contemporary China refer to the values of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has a distinct hierarchical structure with three levels of ultimate value, core values and basic values. The ultimate value goal is to achieve the free and comprehensive development of human beings; the core values are the "24" character of the party's eighteen generalizations; the basic value is the basic value. View is the value of political, economic, cultural, social, ecological and other specific fields. And the right of discourse is a hot issue in the current academic field. It can be understood from two angles of right and power. For ideology and values, the so-called right of discourse emphasizes a kind of "power". The discourse power is the discourse owner. The discourse right of contemporary China's mainstream values can be understood as the discourse subject of the mainstream values of contemporary China, based on certain principles, and the discourse content, the way of discourse, the communication of discourse and the effect of discourse on the mainstream values of contemporary China. After the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in economic construction since the reform and opening up, and has become the second largest economy in the world second only to the United States, and the right of discourse is gradually coming. However, in the field of ideology and values, the long term hegemonic structure of the international community has not changed substantially from the west, and the western developed countries, led by the United States, have always used their controlled discourse hegemony to export their so-called "universal values", especially the export to China and the mainstream of socialism in China. In order to maintain and consolidate the mainstream ideology of socialism in our country, we must strive to improve the discourse power of the mainstream values of contemporary China. As the mainstream values of contemporary China reflect the socialist values of Chinese characteristics, we should have a more profound discourse right to the mainstream values of contemporary China. The study of the entry must be traced to it. Although Marx's classic writers have not clearly put forward the concept of the right of discourse in the mainstream values, their books, literature and related treatises contain the relevant ideas of the right of discourse in the mainstream values, which can give great inspiration to the construction of the right of discourse in contemporary China. Marx and Engels thought that the ruling class and the related ideological and theoretical workers should be the main body of the construction of the discourse right of the mainstream values. The construction of the discourse right of the mainstream values must pay attention to the issue of communication and the promotion of persuasion. Lenin, Stalin inherited and developed Marx Engels about the mainstream values. Lenin believes that "instillation" is an effective means to realize the discourse right of the mainstream values. For the communication of the mainstream values, it is necessary to pay attention to the popularization of the expression. In addition, Lenin also believes that the continuous consolidation of the material basis is a powerful guarantee for the realization and promotion of the discourse power of the mainstream values, and emphasizes the emphasis on the carrier of diversity. After Lenin's death, Stalin became the successor of Lenin. He also had rich thoughts on how to consolidate and enhance the discourse power of the mainstream values. He believed that he must attach great importance to the quality and ability of the discourse subject of Party and government cadres. The continuous innovation of Kyth's doctrine strengthens the education of the ideal and belief of Communist Youth, accelerates the economic construction and promotes the realization of the goal of common prosperity. The Chinese Communists have inherited and developed the basic ideas of the mainstream values of Marx Engels, Lenin, Stalin and other Marx classic writers, so as to make the mainstream value. The thought of the right to view discourse has been further enriched. It attaches great importance to the struggle against all kinds of anti Marx thought, striving to realize the fundamental interests of the most people, and to attach great importance to the role of the mass media in the dissemination of the mainstream values discourse, which constitutes the basic core of the thought of the right to discourse in the mainstream of Mao Zedong's values, and to uphold the guiding ideology of Marx's doctrine. Developing the productive forces, improving the people's living standard, insisting the "common prosperity" as the important discourse theme of the discourse right of the mainstream values, resolutely oppose the western bourgeois liberalization trend of thought, and strengthening the effective propaganda of the mainstream values discourse constitute the basic point of the right of Deng Xiaoping's mainstream values, and strengthen the Marx doctrine and consolidate it. And enlarging the position of public opinion, making the common ideal and belief of socialism with Chinese characteristics firmly constituted the basic thought of Jiang Zemin's right of discourse in the mainstream values, the basic principle of adhering to the people-oriented, the construction of the socialist core value system and the promotion of the popularization of Marx's principle as the main discourse power of Hu Jintao's mainstream values. It holds that the promotion of the discourse right of the mainstream values is closely related to the realization of the "Chinese dream". It attaches great importance to the spread platform of the new media, and promotes the discourse right of the mainstream values by promoting the comprehensive deepening of the reform to form the basic thought of the new central leadership of the party, with Xi Jinping as the core, on the discourse right of the mainstream values. See, Marx's classic writers and the Chinese Communists have very rich ideas about the right to discourse in the mainstream values, which is beneficial to the construction of the right of discourse in the mainstream values of contemporary China. In order to effectively construct the right of discourse in the mainstream values of contemporary China, we must also rationally analyze the construction of the current mainstream values. Challenge. The challenges facing the construction of the discourse right of mainstream values are more severe, both international and domestic challenges, and the difficulties faced by themselves. The current international values field presents the hegemonic pattern of Western discourse, the scientific nature of Marx's Science in the low tide of international communist movement and the network of the West by virtue of the network. It is the international challenge facing the construction of the discourse right of mainstream values, the social benefit differentiation in the period of social transformation, the development of diversified social thoughts and the failure to realize the fundamental modern transformation of Chinese traditional culture are the domestic challenges facing the construction of the discourse right of the mainstream value view. It is very important to construct the discourse right of the mainstream values of the discourse power of the mainstream values of China's mainstream values, which is very important, which is beneficial to the promotion of the discourse right of the mainstream values in China. The cultural soft power of the state is also beneficial to strengthen the effective response to the hegemony of Western discourse hegemony in the field of values, and make the people firmly believe in Marx's doctrine. However, the construction is not a mess, it must be based on certain principles. "Adhere to theory" and "based on practice", "inherit and carry forward" and "innovation and remould", "suck" In terms of the construction of the discourse right of the mainstream values in contemporary China, it is necessary to have a feasible construction path for the construction of the right of discourse in contemporary China's mainstream values. The validity of the construction of the discourse right of value must be constructed from the elements. First, we should pay attention to the formation of the subject of discourse. The basis of the formation of the discourse subject is the formation of the confidence of the subjective values; the key to the formation of the discourse subject is to strengthen the positive interaction between the subjects and realize the promotion of the value view and the consciousness of the values. The innovation of strong discourse content should not only strive to create more new concepts, new categories and new expressions, construct the discourse system of contemporary China's mainstream values, but also to explain the content of discourse rationally and consolidate the achievements of discourse content innovation. Thirdly, we should optimize the discourse mode of the mainstream values in contemporary China. It will turn to the way of emphasizing politics and the unity of the public and the theory of learning; to turn from the grand narrative way to the concrete and perceptive way of speaking; to change from an authoritative speech to an equal dialogue and communication, to strengthen the construction of the international expression of the discourse and to promote the relative connection between the Chinese discourse and the world discourse. Fourthly, we should strengthen the discourse transmission of the mainstream values of contemporary China. We should strengthen the spread and application of the new media, combine the new and traditional media, and actively use international conferences, related cultural institutions and organizations as well as the foreign aid plan to promote the communication of discourse. The evaluation and feedback of the effect should not only select the appropriate evaluation subject, combine the authority evaluation activities with the public evaluation activities, but also establish objective evaluation criteria and scientifically evaluate the effect of discourse. In addition, the relevant feedback system should be established and the information feedback platform should be optimized.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D64
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本文编号：1955160