农民公共精神培育的思想政治教育路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:17

本文选题：农民 + 村民自治　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：1987年《村民委员会组织法(试行)》颁布以来,旨在促进农村基层民主的村民自治获得了广泛的制度供给,各级政府和自治组织围绕村民自治的制度完善不断探索,取得了很大成绩。然而,村民自治在制度化推进模式中暴露出一些问题。一方面农民在村治实践中出现生存方式的原子化,价值追求的功利化和行为短期化,思维方式的经济理性和责任意识淡薄,农民之间的信任、合作、公共至上和互惠规范日渐消解等祛公共性现象。另一方面村民自治制度在实践中陷入技术化、工具化和“没有发展的增长”的内卷化窘境,民主运行出现仪式性、功利性、盲目性和非理性等形式民主化倾向。这些问题表明,村民自治作为基层民主政治建设的重要内容,不仅仅依赖于完善的制度,还与农民思想政治教育密切相关。仅仅从制度层面推进村民自治的民主建设,虽然有助于村民自治规范运行,但却忽视农民公共精神对村民自治制度的支撑作用,使村民自治制度的民主理念难以实现。本选题提出村民自治制度、农民公共精神和农民思想政治教育三者的互动关系模式。即村民自治制度依赖农民公共精神的支撑,农民公共精神培育和养成需要农民思想政治教育的支持。探求通过思想政治教育培育农民公共精神,以实现村民自治良性运行和落实村民自治制度的民主理念成为本选题的问题域。在论证以思想政治教育提升农民公共精神,进而支撑村民自治的民主制度这一命题中,首先面对的是农民公共精神与村治制度的相互关系问题。本选题在中西比较视域中引入梁漱溟、费孝通等学者关于中国传统乡村宗族制度与伦理精神之间关系的深刻洞见,以及传统向现代转型中的乡村建设所面对的诸问题;引入西方托克维尔在《论美国的民主》中关于新英格兰乡镇精神与自治制度的关系思想,帕特南在《使民主运转起来》中关于北意大利乡镇社会资本与制度绩效的关系思想。通过剖析获得了现代村治制度良性运行需要农民公共精神支持的共同见解。但由于所处时代和中西社会历史文化及现代化路径的差异,还不能指涉当代中国农民公共精神培育的路径。本选题通过中国共产党领导农民当家作主,构建农民民主政权的历史经验证明思想政治教育是培育农民公共精神的基本路径。由此对论题的基本命题逻辑加以证成性阐发。在证成论题的命题后,关涉当下中国村民自治制度所面对的新问题。在经验总结的基础上,本选题提出构建农村“社会生活共同体”的发展思路,就社会生活共同体建构指向本身所提出的思想政治工作与农民公共精神培育的新型关系进行学理构建。在此基础上提出通过农民思想政治教育培育农民公共精神的基本途径:强化党的组织领导,发挥新乡贤道德示范和引领作用,注重农村社区文化建设,依托多元载体促进农民公共精神培育。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the Organic Law of the villagers' Committee (on trial) in 1987, the villagers' autonomy, which aims to promote rural grass-roots democracy, has been provided with a wide range of institutions, and governments and autonomous organizations at all levels have continuously explored the perfection of the system of villagers' autonomy. Great achievements have been made. However, villagers' autonomy exposed some problems in the institutional promotion model. On the one hand, the farmers in the practice of village governance appear the atomization of the way of survival, the utilitarianism of the value pursuit and the short-term behavior, the weak sense of economic rationality and responsibility of the mode of thinking, the trust and cooperation among the peasants. Public supremacy and reciprocal norms are gradually dispelling the public phenomenon. On the other hand, the villager autonomy system falls into the dilemma of technology, instrumentalization and "growth without development" in practice, and the democratic operation has the tendency of democratization in the form of ritual, utilitarianism, blindness and irrationality. These problems indicate that as an important part of the construction of grass-roots democratic politics, villagers' autonomy not only depends on the perfect system, but also has a close relationship with the peasants' ideological and political education. Only from the system level to promote the democratic construction of villager autonomy, although it helps to regulate the operation of villager autonomy, but ignore the public spirit of farmers to support the villager autonomy system, making it difficult to realize the democratic concept of villager autonomy system. This paper puts forward the interactive model of villager autonomy system, peasant public spirit and peasant ideological and political education. That is, the system of villager autonomy depends on the support of the public spirit of the peasants, and the cultivation and cultivation of the public spirit of the peasants need the support of the peasants' ideological and political education. Exploring how to cultivate the public spirit of farmers through ideological and political education in order to realize the benign operation of villager autonomy and to carry out the democratic idea of villager autonomy system become the problem domain of this topic. In the proposition of promoting the public spirit of peasants with ideological and political education, and then supporting the democratic system of villagers' autonomy, the first problem is the relationship between the public spirit of farmers and the system of village governance. This topic introduces Liang Shuming, Fei Xiaotong and other scholars about the relationship between Chinese traditional rural clan system and ethical spirit in the Chinese and Western comparative perspective, as well as the problems faced by the rural construction in the transition from traditional to modern. This paper introduces the western Tocqueville's thought on the relationship between the New England township spirit and the autonomous system in "on American Democracy", and Patnam's thoughts on the relationship between the social capital and the institutional performance of the towns and townships in Northern Italy in "making Democracy work". Through the analysis, we get the common view that the benign operation of the modern village governance system needs the support of farmers' public spirit. However, due to the differences between the times, the Chinese and Western social, historical and cultural, and the way of modernization, it is not possible to refer to the path of cultivating the public spirit of the peasants in contemporary China. This topic proves that ideological and political education is the basic way to cultivate farmers' public spirit through the historical experience of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leading peasants to be the masters of their own country and the construction of peasant democratic regime. Thus the basic propositional logic of the topic is elucidated. After the proposition of "Zheng Cheng", it concerns the new problems that Chinese villager autonomy system faces at present. On the basis of summing up the experience, this paper puts forward the idea of constructing the "community of social life" in rural areas. The new relationship between the ideological and political work and the cultivation of the peasants' public spirit, which is pointed out by the construction of the community of social life, is constructed theoretically. On this basis, the paper puts forward the basic ways to cultivate farmers' public spirit through farmers' ideological and political education: strengthening the Party's organizational leadership, giving play to the moral demonstration and leading role of Xinxiang's virtuous people, and paying attention to the cultural construction of rural communities. Relying on multiple carriers to promote the cultivation of farmers' public spirit.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D422.62

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