改革开放以来中国共产党农民民生思想的发展与创新

发布时间：2018-06-23 21:26

本文选题：中国共产党 + 农民民生思想　；参考：《西南交通大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：作为当下回应社会正义的民生问题意识,中国共产党的民生话语体系体现了鲜明的以人为本的德性向度和人文关怀。文章以农民在党的政治斗争、国家建设和发展战略中的历史功能定位为经,以中国共产党对农民民生改善的基本思想和实践模式为纬,系统论述了中国共产党农民民生思想形成、发展和创新的历史进程。在中国共产党近百年政治实践的历史坐标中,农民问题一直是中国革命和建设的基本问题,并发挥着十分重要的历史作用。在“以农立国”的中国社会,改善农民民生不仅是社会发展之必需,也是中国共产党文明执政、科学执政和人文执政的重要体现。因此,集中研究党的农民民生思想具有很强的现实性和必要性,破除“三农”危机、构建农民政治认同、解决农民民生短板和维系社会公正都离不开其理论指导。所以,党的农民民生思想是中国共产党民生思想体系中极为重要的组成部分。在新民主主义革命时期,中国农民是无产阶级最可靠的同盟军。中国共产党基于无产阶级的革命意识形态,将对工农联盟的民生关怀与无产阶级革命的政治目标结合起来,从而把民生问题定位于与农民阶级的切身利益紧密挂钩的土地革命,并把民生改善和革命力量的组织动员结合起来,实现了对农民阶级最大程度的、有效的政治动员,改善农民民生发挥着服务于革命的工具性价值。党的农民民生思想总体上表现为“农民民生为革命”。新中国成立之后,国家工业化发展战略成为重要的政治主题,农村民生建设总体上是服务于国家工业化发展战略的。尽管此阶段农村民生建设出现了一定程度的失误,但总体来看中国共产党的农民民生思想在曲折中得到了发展。改革开放之后,邓小平在继承毛泽东农民民生思想资源的基础上,基于对中国农村过度贫穷的深刻反思,围绕“什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义”,提出“贫穷不是社会主义”的民生思想,从而在中国掀起了一场以家庭联产承包责任制为主线、以解决人民温饱为基本导向的农村基本经营制度改革运动,这是改革开放之后中国农村最大规模的民生改造。此时的农民民生,是决定党的“三步走”战略中第一步能否实现的关键。在邓小平看来,“发展才是硬道理”、只有提高人民的实际生活水平才是检验一切工作是非得失的根本标准。改善和发展农民民生的根本途径就是改革,“改革农村求温饱”成为这一阶段最典型的农民民生思想。20世纪末21世纪初,改善农民民生成为实现“总体小康”的第二步战略目标的关键。随着改革的矛盾和经济发展的危机逐渐升温,民生改善成为影响农民政治认同的重要因素。因此,江泽民将民生关注的重点聚焦在农村,尤其以调整农村经营结构、治理“三乱”以减轻农民负担、打响“扶贫攻坚战”为代表。“治理农村保小康”是党的第三代领导集体的典型的农民民生思想。党的十六大以来,社会两极分化和城乡差距进一步扩大,农民负担聚焦着社会不公。在此背景下,胡锦涛站在科学发展的战略高度上,指出“三农”问题是全党工作的重中之重。为缓解社会矛盾,中国共产党相继作出了构建社会主义和谐社会、新农村建设和生态文明的战略部署,并集中力量启动了新中国历史上具有深远意义的农村税费改革运动。这是一场关乎农民民生的里程碑式的改革。“多予、少取、放活”成为此时最重要的农民民生思想。党的十八大以后,经济社会发展逐渐进入新常态,“四个全面”成为新时期的重大战略布局。民生越来越成为全面建成小康社会的关键一环,农村的滞后更是制约社会公正的短板。所以,“农业强、农村美、农民富”的“三农”新战略就具有重大的现实意义。为有效推进社会治理体系和能力建设的现代化,维护社会公平正义,习近平总书记以“实现什么样的现代化和民族复兴”以及“怎样实现现代化和民族复兴”为战略主题,开启了治国理政的新篇章。其“三农”工作的根本要求就是要主动适应新常态,以一系列新的战略安排和政策部署继续深化农村综合改革,着力改善农民民生。在实践层面就是要按“五位一体”的要求,以五大发展理念为统领,积极探寻农业转型的新途径,将改革的重点放在强化创新驱动、精准扶贫脱贫和农村生态治理等新的方面。在理论创新上就是要大力推进农业现代化等“四化”同步,实现“绿色”民生。习近平的“三农”战略思想是在总结和发展中国共产党农民民生思想的基础上进行的重大创新,标志着党的农民民生思想从此进入了一个新的历史发展阶段。当前党的农民民生思想的总体特征可以概括为“发展农村实现现代化”。
[Abstract]:As the present awareness of the people's livelihood issues in response to social justice, the Chinese Communist Party's people's livelihood discourse system embodies the distinct people-oriented virtues and humanistic care. The article takes the historical function of the peasants in the political struggle of the party, the national construction and development strategy as the classics, and the basic thought of the Chinese Communist Party on the improvement of the people's livelihood. The historical process of the formation, development and innovation of the people's livelihood of the Communist Party of China is systematically discussed with the practice model. In the historical coordinates of the political practice in the last hundred years of the Communist Party of China, the peasant problem has been the basic problem of the Chinese revolution and construction, and plays a very important historical role. The improvement of farmers' livelihood is not only the necessity of the social development, but also the important embodiment of the Communist Party's civilization in power, the scientific ruling and the humanistic administration. Therefore, it is very realistic and necessary to concentrate on the people's livelihood of the party, to break the "three rural" crisis, to construct the political identity of the peasants, to solve the short board and maintain the society of the farmers' livelihood. The thought of the people's livelihood of the party is a very important part of the ideological system of the people's livelihood in the Communist Party of China. In the period of the new democratic revolution, the Chinese peasants are the most reliable allied armies of the proletariat. In combination with the political goals of the proletarian revolution, the people's livelihood issues are located in the land revolution closely linked with the vital interests of the peasantry, and the improvement of the livelihood of the people and the organizational mobilization of the revolutionary forces have been combined to achieve the maximum, effective political mobilization of the peasantry and the improvement of the livelihood of the peasants. In general, the ideology of the people's livelihood of the party is "the revolution of the peasants and the people's livelihood". After the founding of the new China, the national industrialization development strategy has become an important political theme, and the construction of the rural people's livelihood is generally serving the national strategy of industrialization development. Although the construction of the rural people's livelihood has appeared to a certain extent in this stage On the whole, the thought of the people's livelihood of the peasants of the Communist Party of China has been developed in a tortuous way. After the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping, based on the inheritance of Mao Zedong's livelihood resources for the people's livelihood, was based on a profound reflection on the excessive poverty in China's rural areas, and proposed that "poverty is not a" "what is social meaning and how to build socialism", and that "poverty is not the case." The people's livelihood of the people's livelihood is the three step of the party's "three steps" strategy. The key to the realization of the first step is that in Deng Xiaoping's view, "development is the hard truth". Only to improve the people's actual living standard is the basic standard for checking all work and wrong. The fundamental way to improve and develop the livelihood of the peasants is to reform and "reform the rural areas for warmth and satiety" as the most typical farmers' people's livelihood thoughts in this stage. In the early twenty-first Century of the.20 century, improving the livelihood of the peasants became the key to the second step of achieving the "overall well-off". With the contradiction of the reform and the crisis of economic development, the improvement of the people's livelihood became an important factor affecting the political identity of the peasants. Therefore, Jiang Zemin focused the focus of the people's attention in the rural areas, especially in the adjustment of agriculture. The village management structure, the management of the "three disorderly" to lighten the burden of the peasants, and hit the "fight against poverty and attack the hard" as the representative. "Harnessing the countryside to protect the well-off" is the typical peasant people's livelihood thought of the third generation of the party's leading collective. Since the Sixteen Party of the party, the social polarization and the gap between the urban and rural areas have expanded further, and the peasants' burden focuses on the social injustice. At the strategic height of scientific development, Hu Jintao points out that the "three rural" issue is the most important part of the whole Party's work. In order to alleviate social contradictions, the Communist Party of China has made a strategic deployment of building a socialist harmonious society, a new rural construction and an ecological civilization, and concentrating on a far-reaching significance in the history of the new China. The rural tax and fee reform movement. This is a landmark reform about the livelihood of the farmers. "More, less and free" has become the most important thought of the people's livelihood. After the eighteen Party of the party, the economic and social development has gradually entered the new normal, "four comprehensive" has become a major strategic layout in the new period. The livelihood of the people has become more and more complete. The key part of the well-off society is that the lag of the rural areas is the short board which restricts the social justice. Therefore, the new strategy of "agriculture, rural beauty and farmers rich" is of great practical significance. In order to effectively promote the modernization of social governance system and capacity construction, the society will be fair and just, and the general secretary of Xi Jinping "what to realize" The strategic theme of modernization and national revival and how to realize modernization and national revival has opened a new chapter in the governance of the country. The fundamental requirement of the "three rural" work is to actively adapt to the new normal, continue to deepen the comprehensive rural reform with a series of new strategic arrangements and policies, and improve the livelihood of the farmers. In practice, we should take the "five in one" requirement as the command of the five development concepts, actively explore new ways of agricultural transformation, and put the emphasis on the new aspects of strengthening innovation driven, reducing poverty and poverty alleviation, and rural ecological governance. In theory innovation, we should vigorously promote the synchronization of agricultural modernization and so on. The "green" people's livelihood. Xi Jinping's "three rural" strategic idea is a major innovation based on the summary and development of the people's livelihood of the Communist Party of China, which marks a new stage of historical development. The overall characteristics of the people's livelihood of the party can be summed up as "developing agriculture". The village is modernized.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D422.6;D239

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