全面建成小康社会目标下中国西部高等教育入学机会公平研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 17:57

  本文选题：全面建成小康社会 + 西部高等教育　； 参考：《兰州大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,是反映社会公平的风向标,高等教育肩负了调节社会利益分配、促进社会公平正义的历史使命与时代责任。西部高等教育的发展既是一个教育问题,又是一个复杂的社会问题,没有“教育小康”,也就难有“社会小康”,没有“西部小康”,更难有“全国小康”。因此,西部高等教育公平在全面建成小康社会的过程中,具有战略性地位及价值,是全面建成小康社会的重要动力与途径,是全面建成小康社会的重要内容与要求,体现着全面建成小康社会的水平与标志。人民群众享有受教育机会的充分程度是反映社会公平和“五位一体”建设水平最重要的标志,只有在西部高等教育公平的动力驱动下,才能真正促进社会公平,最终实现全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标。本研究综合运用马克思主义学说、教育学、社会学、经济学等理论,以全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标为指导思想和研究背景,以马克思主义教育公平观和改革开放以来中国共产党的教育公平思想为红线,以中国西部地区高等教育入学机会公平问题为研究对象,基于社会资本、文化资本和经济资本的视角,懫取思辨研究与经验研究相统一、辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义研究相协同、定性分析与定量分析相结合、横向与纵向比较研究相结合等方法,对我国对我国西部地区高等教育入学机会的现状与问题、成因及对策进行了深入探讨。本研究主要包括六章内容。导论部分主要对选题背景、研究目的与意义、研究思路和方法、研究重点、创新点以及拟解决的问题等逐一做了阐述,同时对国内外研究现状进行综述,为其后各篇章的研究做好理论准备。第一章是基本理论部分,主要围绕核心概念、相关理论基础以及研究视角三方面进行了阐述。包括界定核心概念、明确高等教育入学机会公平的衡量指标、介绍本研究选择经济资本、文化资本和社会资本三种资本视角的缘由、明确每种资本视角的考察维度等,并在此基础上提出了自己的基本观点。本章同时还继承和扬弃了前人的研究成果,选择了较有代表性、解释力和适切性的相关理论观点,认为马克思主义社会公平观与教育观、正义论、文化再生产理论、社会资本理论等能够为本研究能够提供坚实的理论基础,对每种理论基础来源、对本研究的启示以及与本研究的契合性进行了介绍。第二章主要阐述了马克思主义中国化进程中教育公平理念的发展脉络。本章从教育公平理念的源头——马克思恩格斯的教育公平观入手,梳理了马克思主义中国化进程中教育公平理念继承与发展的成果——中国共产党的教育公平思想,最后立足于教育公平理念的最新理论平台——全面建成小康社会,阐述了新时期教育公平对全面建成小康社会的重大意义,认为促进西部高等教育入学机会公平既是高等教育事业现代化发展的需要,也是全面建成小康社会的内在规定。第三章阐述了我国西部地区全面建成小康社会面临的挑战。本章对西部地区与全国平均水平,与东部、中部、东北部三个区域以及西部地区内部三方面小康社会的实现程度进行了比较,分析了西部地区全面小康社会建设与发展的不平衡现状。同时,从西部地区与东中部小康社会的发展差距、西部地区与东中部经济与教育发展差距两大方面着手,揭示了西部地区全面建成小康社会面临的困境和障碍。认为西部地区要夺取全面建成小康社会的胜利,必须要清晰地认识到西部高等教育公平在全面建成小康社会中的战略地位,要明确西部高等教育公平之于全面小康社会的当代价值。第四章是西部高等教育入学机会公平的现状分析及问题揭示部分。本章为论文的主干环节,主要运用实证研究方法,基于全面小康社会的大背景,对我国西部高等教育入学机会状况进行了经济资本、文化资本和社会资本视角的详细考察,探讨了西部高等教育入学机会的公平现状,揭示了高等教育入学机会不公问题之所在。首先,分别从高等教育毛入学率、高校在校生人数、优质高等教育资源分布、高校招生计划、录取分数线、高校区域布局和区域经济水平等几个维度分析了西部高等教育入学机会公平的总体现状,揭示了西部与东部发达省区之间存在的公平差距事实。其次,分别从不同家庭子女在各类高校中的分布、优质高等教育资源的分布以及专业选择的差异状况三个主要方面,揭示了占有不同经济资本、文化资本和社会资本的家庭的子女在高等教育入学机会公平方面存在的较大差距。第五章是对我国西部高等教育入学机会问题进行归因分析,是论文的主干部分之一。本章主要运用质性研究方法,总结和归纳了经济资本、文化资本和社会资本导致西部高等教育入学机会不公的内在机理,并构建了三种资本影响高等教育入学机会的作用机制模型。分别从宏观原因和微观原因两大方面进行了归因分析,宏观原因主要表现为三方面:教育政策与管理体制之弊为直接性原因;招考制度“城市化倾向”之偏为主导性原因;区域经济发展水平之困为发展性原因。微观原因主要表现为三方面:经济资本对获取高等教育机会的客观限制;社会资本对获取高等教育机会的潜在压力;文化资本对获取高等教育机会的文化干预。在归因分析基础上,本章将三种资本影响高等教育入学机会的作用机制确定为直接作用机制和间接作用机制两大方面。第六章是我国西部高等教育入学机会公平的对策体系构建部分,是本文的落脚点和重点。基于所揭示的问题,笔者提出了促进西部高等教育入学机会公平的五项基本原则:发展性原则、公益性原则、机会均等原则、差别原则和补偿原则,并在此基础上构建了“五位一体”的对策体系,试图通过政府引领、社会应和、高教主导、家庭跟进以及技术推进五个方面推进西部高等教育机会公平。一是政府引领,创建“教育小康”与“社会小康”和谐共荣局面,具体策略为:在借鉴国际经验的基础上,健立健全法律法规建立统筹机制,缩小城乡教育差距;增投基础教育,适度弱势文化补偿;合理规划布局,实施教育资源共享;建设“教育小康”,促进“社会小康”。二是社会积极应和,创建“社会文化繁荣”与“城乡资本均衡”的新生态,具体策略为:加强家校广泛联系,促进学社密切合作;推动社会文化建设,缩小文化资本差距;发动社会力量办学,完善贫困生资助措施;三是高等教育主导,秉持“公平”与“质量”并重的教育机会公平理念,具体策略为:改革招生考试制度,缩小家庭社会资本差距;构筑信息援助网络,提供全方位择校信息;加强城乡校际互动,实施教育文化交流共享。四是家庭积极跟进,形成“资本数量”与“家教质量”互补共生的新格局,具体策略为:增加公共文化产品数量,提升家庭教育质量;转变传统教育思想观念,营造良好的家庭文化氛围;努力提升家长文化素养,积极参与子女的教育过程;切实增强家长信息意识,提高家庭文化资本总量。五是技术推进,促进“信息技术公平”与“教育公平”的深度融合,具体策略为:借鉴美国教育信息化建设经验;突出教育信息化对我国西部地区的现实价值;以教育信息化促进西部教育公平。文章最后指出,教育非均衡发展无益于社会和谐、政治稳定和民族团结,西部高等教育入学机会公平问题的解决需要在社会公平的语境中才能最终达成,作为社会的一个子系统,高等教育系统内的不公平和不平等,本质上是社会整体系统中不平等和不公平的投射和体现,随着人们公民权利意识的觉醒、社会公平及正义保障机制的不断完善,相信我国西部高等教育入学机会将日趋公平,全面建成小康社会的目标也终将会实现。
[Abstract]:Educational equity is an important basis for social equity and a vane reflecting social equity. Higher education has shouldered the historical mission and responsibility of the society to regulate the distribution of social interests and promote social fairness and justice. The development of western higher education is not only a problem of education but also a complex social problem, and it is difficult to have "education well-off". In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the western higher education equity has strategic position and value. It is an important motive and way to build a well-off society in an all-round way, and it is an important content and requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way, reflecting the overall construction of the well-off society in an all-round way. The level and mark of a well-off society. The full extent of the people's access to education is the most important symbol of the social equity and the "five in one" construction level. Only under the driving force of the fair of the western higher education can the social fairness be truly promoted and the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Using the theory of Marx doctrine, pedagogy, sociology and economics, the great goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is the guiding ideology and research background, and the fair idea of Marx's education and the educational fair thought of the Communist Party of China since the reform and opening up as the red line, and the fair opportunity of higher education in Western China is fair. The problem is based on the perspective of social capital, cultural capital and economic capital. It takes dialectical materialism and historical materialism research together, combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and combines horizontal and longitudinal comparative studies to study higher education in China's western region of China. The present situation and problems, causes and countermeasures are discussed in depth. This study mainly includes six chapters. The introduction mainly expounds the background of the topic, the purpose and significance of the study, the research ideas and methods, the focus of the study, the innovation and the problems to be solved, and summarizes the research status at home and abroad. The first chapter is the basic theory part, which mainly focuses on the core concept, the relevant theoretical basis and the three aspects of the research perspective. It includes the definition of core concepts, the determination of the equity of higher education entrance opportunities, and the selection of economic capital, cultural capital and social capital in this study. On the basis of the origin of the three capital perspectives and the definition of the perspective of each capital, and on this basis, it puts forward their basic views. At the same time, this chapter also inherits and sublate the previous research results, and chooses the relative theoretical views of representative, explanatory and appropriateness, and thinks that Marx's view of social fairness and education, justice, and justice On the other hand, the theory of cultural reproduction and the theory of social capital can provide a solid theoretical basis for this study, and introduce the source of each theory, the enlightenment to this study and the agreement with this study. The second chapter mainly expounds the development of the concept of educational equity in the course of the Sinicization of Marx doctrine. The source of the concept of fair education - Marx and Engels's educational equity view, combs the achievements of the inheritance and development of the concept of educational equity in the process of Marx's Sinicization - the ideology of the educational equity of the Communist Party of China, and finally, based on the latest theoretical platform of the concept of educational equity - the building of a well-off society in an all-round way. The great significance of educational equity to a well-off society in an all-round way in the period is that promoting the fair opportunity for higher education in Western China is not only the need of the modernization of higher education, but also the internal regulation of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The third chapter expounds the challenges facing the western region of China to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The regional and national average level, compared with the eastern, central, northeastern three regions and the realization degree of three aspects of well-off society in the west, analyzed the unbalanced situation of the construction and development of the comprehensive well-off society in the western region. At the same time, the gap between the western region and the East and middle part of the well-off society, the western region and the East and the central region. In the two main aspects of the gap between economic and educational development, this paper reveals the difficulties and obstacles faced by the western region to build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is believed that the victory of the western region to complete a well-off society in an all-round way must clearly recognize the strategic position of the western higher education equity in a well-off society in an all-round way and to clear the higher education in the West. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the present situation of the fair opportunity of higher education in western higher education and the part of the problem. This chapter is the main link of the thesis. This chapter mainly uses the empirical research method, based on the background of the well-off society in an all-round way, and carries out economic capital for the situation of higher education entrance opportunity in Western China. On the basis of the detailed investigation of cultural capital and social capital, this paper probes into the fair present situation of higher education entrance opportunities in Western China, and reveals the unfairness of higher education entrance opportunities. First, the gross enrollment rate of higher education, the number of students in Colleges and universities, the distribution of high quality higher education resources, the enrollment plan of higher education, the admission score line, the University District, The overall situation of the fair opportunity of higher education in Western China is analyzed by several dimensions of regional distribution and regional economic level, and the fair gap between Western and eastern developed provinces is revealed. Secondly, the distribution of children of different families in various colleges and universities, the distribution of high quality and high education resources and the difference of professional selection are also analyzed. The three main aspects of the situation reveal the large gap between the children of families with different economic capital, cultural capital and social capital in higher education entrance opportunities. The fifth chapter is the attribution analysis of the opportunity of higher education in Western China, which is one of the main parts of the article. This chapter mainly uses qualitative research. In this way, the internal mechanism of economic capital, cultural capital and social capital which lead to the unfairness of the entrance opportunity of higher education in Western China is summarized and summed up, and the mechanism model of three kinds of capital influencing the entrance opportunity of higher education is constructed. The attribution analysis is carried out from the macro and microcosmic reasons in two generalsides, and the macro reasons are mainly manifested in the analysis. Three aspects: the direct causes of the disadvantages of the educational policy and the management system; the leading reason for the "urbanization tendency" of the recruitment system; the development of the level of regional economic development. The microcosmic reasons are mainly manifested in three aspects: the objective limitation of the economic capital for the access to higher education; and the social capital for the acquisition of higher education machines. The potential pressure of the meeting; cultural capital's cultural intervention in obtaining higher education opportunities. On the basis of the attribution analysis, this chapter defines the mechanism of the three kinds of capital affecting the higher education entrance opportunity as the direct and indirect mechanism of two aspects. The sixth chapter is the countermeasure system of the fair opportunity of higher education in Western China. On the basis of the problems revealed, the author puts forward five basic principles to promote the fairness of the entrance of higher education in Western China: the principle of development, the principle of public welfare, the principle of equal opportunity, the principle of difference and the principle of compensation, and on this basis, we have constructed the "five in one" system of countermeasures and try to pass it through. The government leads the society to promote the fair opportunity of higher education in Western China. First, the government leads and creates a Harmonious Co prosperity situation of "education well-off" and "social well-off". The specific strategy is to build up a comprehensive mechanism for establishing and perfecting laws and regulations on the basis of international experience. The gap between urban and rural education, the basic education of increasing investment, the moderately disadvantaged cultural compensation, the rational planning of the layout, the implementation of the sharing of educational resources, the construction of a "well-off education" and the promotion of a "well-off society". Two are the new ecology of social culture prosperity and the balance of urban and rural capital. We should cooperate closely, promote social and cultural construction, narrow the gap of cultural capital, mobilize social forces to run schools, and improve the financing measures for poor students; three is the concept of fair education opportunity which is dominated by higher education and holds equal weight with "fairness" and "quality". The concrete strategy is to reform the enrollment examination system and narrow the gap of family social capital; build a letter. It provides a full range of information for school selection, strengthens the interschool interaction between urban and rural schools, and implements the sharing of educational and cultural exchanges. Four is a new pattern that families actively follow up to form a complementary and symbiotic pattern of "capital quantity" and "quality of home education". The specific strategy is to increase the quantity of public cultural products, improve the quality of family education, and change the traditional educational ideas, Building a good family culture atmosphere, improving parents' cultural quality, actively participating in the education process of children, strengthening the awareness of parents' information and raising the total amount of family cultural capital. Five is the technology promotion, promoting the deep integration of "information technology equity" and "educational equity". The concrete strategy is to draw on the construction of educational information in the United States. In the end, the paper points out that the unbalanced development of education is not beneficial to social harmony, political stability and national unity, and the resolution of the fairness of the entrance opportunity of higher education in western higher education needs to be finally reached in the context of social equity. As a subsystem of society, the inequity and inequality in the higher education system are essentially the projection and embodiment of inequality and unfairness in the whole system of society. With the awakening of people's consciousness of citizens' rights and the continuous improvement of social equity and justice guarantee mechanism, it is believed that the opportunity for higher education in Western China will be increasingly fair, The goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way will eventually come true.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.2
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本文编号：2114175