劳动者福祉视角下的大学毕业生就业质量研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 15:37

本文选题：就业质量 + 工作满意度　；参考：《东北财经大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：就业是重要的民生问题,它关系着经济的发展和社会的安定。大学生作为社会中最具有创造力和能动性的群体,是推动我国经济发展的重要力量,其就业问题更是受到社会各方面的普遍关注。事实上,当前我国大学生就业难这一现象主要指的是大学毕业生就业质量低下。朝九晚五的工作给上班族带来高薪酬的同时,也带来了亚健康、职业病、过劳等问题,忙碌重复的工作往往难以实现他们对自由生活的追求。党的十八大明确提出:要在新时期推动实现更高质量的就业,促进以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业。毋庸置疑,深入研究大学毕业生就业质量问题有较强的制度背景及现实意义。长期以来,国内学者对大学毕业生就业问题的研究主要集中在就业数量上,而忽视了对就业质量的研究。近年来国内学者逐步关注大学毕业生就业质量的研究,多集中在对劳动报酬、工作时间、工作条件等工作特征的考察,鲜有研究从劳动者福祉的视角考察大学毕业生就业质量。然而,劳动的最终目的并不是获得劳动报酬,而是追求福祉最大化,实现个体追求的生活方式,度过美好生活。本文从劳动者福祉的视角探究大学毕业生就业质量及其影响因素,具有重要的理论意义。阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论是评估个人福利或福祉的方法框架,本文基于该理论构建工作满意度、职业健康和可行能力三维度的就业质量指标测度我国大学毕业生就业质量,并对其影响因素进行深入分析,为提高我国大学毕业生就业质量提出有针对性的建议。本文共包括七个部分。第一章为引言。介绍了本文的研究背景及研究意义,概括了研究思路及框架,明确了研究目标、研究内容与研究方法,并归纳了本文的贡献与创新性。第二章为相关文献综述。首先系统梳理了就业质量的概念和内涵,指出本文基于劳动者福祉的视角研究大学毕业生就业质量,属于狭义、微观和主观意义上的就业质量研究。对就业质量评价方法和影响因素的文献综述,为本文测度就业质量并考察就业质量影响因素提供了借鉴。综述工作满意度和职业健康的研究成果,为本文探究就业质量各维度的影响因素奠定了理论基础。第三章为我国大学毕业生就业质量测度研究。在界定就业质量内涵的基础上,基于阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,结合我国大学毕业生就业现状,构建了工作满意度、职业健康和可行能力三维度的就业质量指标。使用2014年国家社科基金项目"大学毕业生就业质量与政策研究"的微观调查数据,从整体就业质量和分维度两大方面比较分析我国大学毕业生就业质量状况。其中,从各维度指标到整体就业质量采用集合交集运算和算术平均法(简单算术平均法和变异系数加权平均法)两种加总方式。研究发现,我国大学毕业生就业质量总体处于中等水平,就业质量仍有待提升,特别是职业健康和可行能力方面。分群体比较结果表明,学历越高,整体就业质量越高,但职业健康状况越差。男性和女性大学毕业生在整体就业质量方面差别不显著,但男性大学毕业生在可行能力方面明显优于女性大学毕业生。无论是整体还是分维度,党员和国有部门大学毕业生的就业质量均更高。第四章为我国大学毕业生工作满意度影响因素研究。首先对工作满意度量表进行了信度和效度检验,在此基础上,采用描述性统计、独立样本t检验和方差分析等方法,对我国大学毕业生工作满意度现状及其个体差异性进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国大学毕业生整体工作满意度介于"有点满意"和"一般满意"之间,其中,大学毕业生对薪酬的满意度最低。关于个体差异性,已婚、党员和国有部门大学毕业生的整体工作满意度分别高于未婚、非党员和非国有部门大学毕业生。然后,本文采用多元回归方法考察了我国大学毕业生工作满意度的影响因素。考虑到大学毕业生工作满意度是多种因素综合作用的结果,而且许多因素具有不确定性的特点。在回归分析的同时,本文运用灰色关联分析方法判别当前影响大学毕业生整体工作满意度的核心因素。灰色关联分析和回归分析的结果基本一致,对于大学毕业生而言,对薪酬的满意度是影响整体工作满意度最重要的因素,而对工作本身的兴趣和对上级的满意度是仅次于薪酬的重要影响因素。第五章为我国大学毕业生职业健康影响因素研究。运用"大学毕业生就业质量与政策研究"的微观调研数据,建立有序Probit模型,实证分析工作特征对我国大学毕业生职业健康的影响。根据工作要求-资源模型将工作特征区分为工作要求和工作资源两大类。其中,工作要求变量包括工作能力要求、工作时间、工作安全风险和工作不规则变化四个变量,工作资源变量包括工作收入(绝对收入和相对收入)、工作控制、工作场所的社会支持(上级支持和同事支持)、晋升机会、组织公正和工作意义等变量。研究发现,工作时间和工作安全风险对职业健康有显著的负向影响,而工作控制、组织公正和工作意义对职业健康有显著正向影响。上级支持水平越高、晋升机会越大,职业健康状况越好,这一结论尤其适用于女性大学毕业生。绝对收入越高的女性大学毕业生,其职业健康状况越差。工作不规则变化对专科毕业生的职业健康状况产生不利的影响,而绝对收入与职业健康的负相关关系在本科和研究生毕业生样本中表现更为明显。第六章为我国大学毕业生可行能力影响因素研究。以可行能力为因变量,工资收入、福利待遇、超时加班、工作稳定性、上下级关系、同事关系、工作能力、晋升机会和工作意义为自变量,并控制个体特征和地区变量,建立有序Probit模型。继续采用"大学毕业生就业质量与政策研究"的微观调查数据,实证分析我国大学毕业生可行能力的影响因素。研究结果表明,工资收入和福利待遇是我国大学毕业生可行能力的重要影响因素。较高的晋升机会和对工作意义的感知利于大学毕业生可行能力的提升,而超时加班不利于可行能力的实现。工作稳定性和同事关系对女性大学毕业生可行能力具有显著正向影响,对男性影响并不显著。对男性大学毕业生而言,学历层次越高,可行能力越强;学历与可行能力的正相关关系在女性大学毕业生群体中却不明显。对专科毕业生而言,存在工作能力越高可行能力越高的趋势,而本科和研究生毕业生的情况则相反。第七章为研究结论、政策启示与研究展望。归纳概括本文的研究结论,并提出针对性的政策建议,指出本文的不足之处,展望未来的研究方向。本文可能的创新性主要体现在如下几个方面:(1)梳理了就业质量的概念和内涵,并从劳动者福祉的角度界定和测度大学毕业生就业质量。国内学者对就业质量的研究多集中在劳动报酬等工作特征上,从劳动者福祉角度的研究较少。本文从劳动者福祉的角度界定我国大学毕业生就业质量,丰富了就业质量的相关研究。(2)基于阿马蒂亚·森的评估个人福利的可行能力方法框架,构建了工作满意度、职业健康和可行能力三维度的就业质量指标,弥补了国内学者仅用工作满意度衡量主观就业质量的不足。(3)从工作特征角度深入分析工作满意度、职业健康和可行能力的影响因素,为推进就业质量各维度影响因素的研究提供了详实的依据。国内关于大学毕业生职业健康和可行能力影响因素的研究较少,而且对就业质量影响因素的研究主要集中在大学生就业能力、情绪智力、非专业素质、人力资本与社会资本等方面。本文从工作特征角度对就业质量各维度影响因素的实证分析,细化并丰富了大学毕业生就业质量影响因素的研究。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important problem of the people's livelihood. It is related to economic development and social stability. As the most creative and dynamic group in the society, college students are an important force to promote the economic development of our country. The problem of employment is paid more attention by all aspects of the society. In fact, the problem of employment of college students in China is in fact the main phenomenon. It refers to the low quality of employment for college graduates. At the same time, the work of nine to five has brought high salary to the working people, and it also brings about sub health, occupational disease, overwork and so on. The busy and repetitive work is often difficult to realize their pursuit of free life. The eighteen Ming of the party makes sure that a higher quality of employment is to be promoted in the new period. There is no doubt that it has a strong institutional background and practical significance to study the quality of college graduates' employment. For a long time, domestic scholars have focused on the employment of graduates mainly in the number of employment, ignoring the study of the quality of employment. The research on the quality of employment of college graduates is gradually focused on the study of the job characteristics of labor remuneration, working time and working conditions. Few studies have studied the quality of employment of college graduates from the perspective of workers' well-being. However, the ultimate aim of labor is not to gain remuneration, but to maximize the well-being and realize the individual. It has important theoretical significance to explore the quality of college graduates' employment and its influencing factors from the perspective of laborers' well-being. Amartya Sen's feasible ability theory is a method framework for assessing personal welfare or well-being. This article is based on the theory to construct job satisfaction, occupational health and availability. The employment quality index of the three-dimension of the capacity is used to measure the quality of employment of the university graduates in China, and to make an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the employment of the university graduates. This paper includes seven parts. The first chapter is an introduction. This paper introduces the research background and significance of the study, and summarizes the research. Thinking and framework, the research objectives, research content and research methods are clarified, and the contribution and innovation of this article are summed up. The second chapter is the related literature review. Firstly, the concept and connotation of the employment quality are systematically combed, and the research on the employment quality of college graduates based on the perspective of laborers' well-being is pointed out in the narrow, micro and subjective significance. The study on the quality of employment. A literature review on the evaluation methods and influencing factors of employment quality provides a reference for measuring the quality of employment and investigating the factors affecting the quality of employment. The research results of job satisfaction and occupational health are summarized. The third chapter is the theoretical basis for the study of the factors affecting the quality of employment. On the basis of defining the connotation of the quality of employment, based on the definition of the quality of employment, based on the Amartya Sen's feasible ability theory and the employment status of college graduates in China, the job satisfaction, the professional health and the workable ability of the three-dimension employment quality refer to the standard. In 2014, the National Social Science Fund Project "University bike" is used. The microcosmic survey data of the employment quality and Policy Research of the graduate students, from two aspects of the overall employment quality and dimension, the quality of employment of college graduates in China is compared and analyzed. Among them, the aggregate intersection operation and arithmetic mean method (simple arithmetic mean method and variation coefficient weighted mean method) are adopted from each dimension index to the overall employment quality two. The study found that the quality of employment of college graduates in our country is generally at the middle level, and the quality of employment still needs to be improved, especially in the aspects of occupational health and feasibility. The result of the comparison between the sub groups shows that the higher the educational background, the higher the overall employment quality, the worse the occupational health status. The male and female college graduates are employed as a whole. There is no significant difference in quality, but the male college graduates are obviously better than the female college graduates in the practical ability. Both the whole and the sub dimensions, the employment quality of the college graduates in the party members and the state sector is higher. The fourth chapter is the research on the influencing factors of the job satisfaction of the university graduates in China. On the basis of the test of reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, independent sample t test and variance analysis are used to analyze the status and individual difference of college graduates' job satisfaction in China. The results show that the overall job satisfaction of college graduates in China is between "a little satisfaction" and "general satisfaction". Among them, college graduates have the lowest satisfaction with salary. As for individual differences, the overall job satisfaction of college graduates in the party and the state sector is higher than that of unmarried, non party members and non state departments. Then, this paper uses multiple regression methods to investigate the factors affecting the job satisfaction of College graduates in China. Considering that the job satisfaction of college graduates is the result of a variety of factors, and many factors have the characteristics of uncertainty. At the same time, the grey relational analysis is used to distinguish the core factors that affect the overall job satisfaction of college graduates. In this agreement, the satisfaction of salary is the most important factor affecting the overall job satisfaction for the college graduates, and the interest and satisfaction to the higher level are the most important factors only second to the salary. The fifth chapter is the study of the occupational health impact factors of the college graduates in China. With the microcosmic survey data of the policy research and the establishment of an orderly Probit model, the empirical analysis of the impact of the work characteristics on the occupational health of Chinese university graduates. According to the work requirements - the resource model, the work features are divided into two categories: work requirements and work resources. Total risk and work irregularity change four variables, work resource variables include work income (absolute income and relative income), job control, social support in the workplace (superior support and colleague support), promotion opportunities, organizational justice and work significance. Research finds that work time and work safety risk are significant to occupational health. Work control, organizational justice and work significance have a significant positive impact on occupational health. Higher level of support, higher promotion opportunities, and better occupational health are better. This conclusion is especially suitable for female college graduates. The higher the absolute income of female college graduates, the worse their occupational health. The change of rules has a negative impact on the professional health of college graduates, and the negative correlation between absolute income and occupational health is more obvious in the sample of undergraduate and graduate students. The sixth chapter is the research on the influencing factors of the feasible ability of college graduates in China. Overtime work overtime, work stability, upper and lower relations, colleague relationship, work ability, promotion opportunity and work meaning are independent variables, and control individual characteristics and regional variables, establish an orderly Probit model. Continue to use the micro survey data of "college graduates employment quality and policy research", to analyze the feasibility of college graduates in China. The results show that wages and benefits are important factors for the workable ability of college graduates in China. Higher opportunities for promotion and sense of work are beneficial to the improvement of the workable ability of college graduates, while overtime work is not conducive to practical ability. Work stability and colleagues' relationship to female Universities The workable ability of the graduates is not significant. For the male college graduates, the higher the academic level, the stronger the workable ability; the positive correlation between the education and the workable ability is not obvious among the female college graduates. Trend, while the situation of undergraduate and graduate graduates is opposite. The seventh chapter is research conclusion, policy inspiration and research prospect. Summarize the conclusions of this paper, and put forward pertinent policy suggestions, point out the shortcomings of this paper and look forward to the future research direction. The possible innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) comb The concept and connotation of the quality of employment are discussed, and the quality of employment of college graduates is defined and measured from the perspective of the well-being of the workers. The research on the quality of employment of the domestic scholars is mainly focused on the working characteristics of labor remuneration, and the research on the welfare of the workers is less. The relevant research on the quality of employment is enriched. (2) based on the feasible ability method framework of Amartya Sen's assessment of individual welfare, the employment quality indicators of job satisfaction, occupational health and workable ability are constructed, which make up for the shortcomings of the domestic scholars to measure the subjective job quality only with job satisfaction. (3) from the perspective of the work characteristics The influence factors of job satisfaction, occupational health and workable ability are analyzed in depth, which provide a detailed basis for the study of influencing factors of the various dimensions of employment quality. There are few studies on the factors affecting the occupational health and feasible ability of college graduates, and the research on the factors affecting the quality of employment is mainly concentrated on the college students. In this paper, the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the quality of the employment quality from the angle of work features is analyzed, and the factors affecting the quality of the graduates' employment quality are studied.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】