网球单打技术演进特征研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 14:27

【摘要】：随着我国网球运动职业化程度的不断完善,我国网球整体的竞技水平有了快速的提高,特别是女子运动员,先后实现了奥运会金牌与职业大满贯赛事冠军“零”的突破,极大的鼓舞和促进了中国网球运动的快速发展。但我们必须清醒认识到中国网球整体水平与世界高水平相比仍然存在较大的差距。网球属于隔网对抗性项目,技术是运动员竞技能力的主导要素之一。随着时代的发展,网球技术与过去相比已经出现了很大的不同,而对于网球运动员个体而言,在职业生涯过程中技术也始终处于动态变化,在战绩不断提高的同时,技术也在不断改进,由此可见网球技术演进对于项目的推动以及运动员竞技水平提高所起到的重要作用。本研究通过文献资料法、专家调查法、录像观察法、数理统计法,基于网球项目的特点,针对职业网坛单打技术演进历程及优秀网球运动员单打技术演进特征进行研究,试图从“整体”与“个体”两个角度揭示职业网坛单打技术演进规律。以期为运动训练理论的进一步完善提供素材,为网球技术训练实践提供一定的思路,为青少年网球运动员的培养提供参考。研究结果显示:1)底线技术的发展带动了职业网坛技术的整体演进,并表现在影响各项技术在单打比赛中的使用比例以及不同打法类型的进一步发展。2)影响网球单打技术演进的主要因素可分为主体因素与客体因素。主体因素中运动员身体能力的增强,教练员对技术的认识更加深入,是推动网球技术演进的主要因素。在客体因素中,科技、球拍、规则、场地四个因素,在发展过程中相互联系更加的紧密,对于运动员技术适应性的要求降低,使得网球单打技术朝着多样性个性化的方向演进。3)优秀网球运动员单打技术演进过程具有,整体技术功能大于单项技术要素之和的涌现性,个性化特征的自组织性,动态涨落现象的非稳定性特征。其中运动员个人技术系统中的优势要素和敏感要素,在其技术演进过程中起到重要作用。4)优秀网球运动员单打技术演进,主要围绕着技术要素中的敏感要素和优势要素。通过放大途径与补偿途径,加强运动员个人技术系统中的优势要素,适当的弥补劣势要素,带动运动员整体技术功能向更高的层次演进。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the professional degree of tennis in our country, the overall competitive level of tennis in our country has been rapidly improved, especially the female athletes, who have successively achieved the breakthrough of Olympic gold medal and professional Grand Slam champion "zero". Greatly encouraged and promoted the rapid development of tennis in China. But we must realize clearly that there is still a big gap between the overall level of Chinese tennis and the high level of the world. Tennis is one of the main factors of competitive ability of athletes. With the development of the times, the tennis technique has been very different from the past. However, for the tennis players, the technology has always been in the dynamic change in the course of their career. This shows that tennis technology evolution plays an important role in the promotion of events and the improvement of athletes' competitive level. Based on the characteristics of tennis events, this paper studies the evolution process of singles technology in professional tennis and the evolution characteristics of outstanding tennis players through the methods of literature, expert investigation, video observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper tries to reveal the evolution law of professional singles technology from two angles of "whole" and "individual". In order to provide materials for the further improvement of sports training theory, provide certain ideas for the practice of tennis technical training, and provide a reference for the training of young tennis players. The research results show that the development of bottom line technology has led to the overall evolution of professional tennis technology. The main factors affecting the evolution of tennis singles technology can be divided into subjective factor and objective factor. Among the main factors, the enhancement of athletes' physical ability and the deeper understanding of technique by coaches are the main factors to promote the evolution of tennis technology. Among the object factors, science and technology, racket, rules, and court are four factors, which are more closely related to each other in the process of development, and the requirements for the athletes' technical adaptability are reduced. The evolution process of singles technology of elite tennis players has the following characteristics: the overall technical function is greater than the emergence of the sum of individual technical elements, and the characteristics of individuation are self-organized. The unstable characteristics of dynamic fluctuation. Among them, the dominant and sensitive elements in the athletes' personal technical system play an important role in the process of technological evolution) the evolution of the singles technology of the outstanding tennis players mainly revolves around the sensitive and superior elements of the technical elements. Through the way of amplification and compensation, we can strengthen the advantage elements of athletes' personal technical system, make up for the inferior factors, and promote the athletes' overall technical function to evolve to a higher level.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G845

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