乡城移民社会网络关系演变的阶段性与社会支持分析
发布时间：2018-07-27 11:07
【摘要】：长期以来,我国农业转移人口的市民化进程严重滞后于城镇化的进程,大多数乡城移民群体无法在迁入地享有政府提供的基本公共服务,因而也就不能享受到城镇化和城市经济增长所带给他们的红利。这一状况表明我国经济社会发展的包容性程度还远远不够,在城乡之间的分割日益严重、城市中的阶级分化日益明显、城市新移民与本地市民之间的冲突日益加剧、社会不稳定因素日益增多等社会现实中,为乡城移民群体提供有效社会支持从而帮助其尽早融入城市社会就显得尤为迫切。在这一研究领域中,学术界以往多把乡城移民视为一个整体来讨论社会支持的建构方式,却很少关注于这一群体内部的异质性问题,而对于异质性问题的忽略就会导致社会支持的回应缺乏针对性和精准度。在此,本论文将从差异化的视角来探讨其社会支持问题,研究的重点议题包括如何界定乡城移民迁入城市过程中所经历的不同阶段,处于不同迁移阶段的移民群体在融入城市社会过程中的需要和诉求有何差异,多元社会主体在社会支持体系建构中如何有效协调以回应处于不同迁移阶段中的差异化诉求,这些不同的建构模式是否具有实践运作上的可行性和理论上的依据,以及政府的政策和制度应当如何设计才能够增强政策的包容性以减少对乡城移民群体所带来的社会排斥效应等。本论文按照科学研究的基本范式,以文献回顾-方法论-迁移阶段的划分-不同迁移阶段的社会网络与诉求分析-社会支持模式的阶段化建构-阶段化模式建构的理论功用-政策分析与启示为研究主线,依托移民系统理论、移民网络理论和社会资本理论形成研究框架和和方法,具体运用了社会网络分析、多元主体分析、案例分析等研究方法对于资料展开分析,得出以下主要结论:一是本文依据我国现有的政策规定并结合卡方检验与Bonferroni校正法,将乡城移民群体以在城市生活半年和五年为界,分为迁移初始期、迁移发展期和迁移稳定期三个阶段,不同迁移阶段的群体在本地社交情况、子女教育、维权情况、政府公共服务认知等方面的差异较为显著。二是本文通过对于不同阶段乡城移民群体的社会网络分析,发现针对处于迁移初始期的移民群体来说,他们在城市的社会交际网络主要集中于基于乡土关系中的同乡、工作场所中的同事和居住场所中的室友和社区工作人员;针对处于迁移发展期的移民群体来说,他们与本地房东、本地社区、本地朋友之间互动的加强表明这一阶段中乡城移民的社会网络与前一阶段相比已经发生了明显变化,他们更加需要在本地实现安居,更加期待与本地社区有更深的融入;针对那些处于迁移稳定期乡城移民群体来说,他们与本地政府、学校和一些社会组织之间的互动显得更为频繁,他们的社会网络大都与上述几个关键节点为中心呈现主动向外发散式的态势。三是本文通过对于社会网络特征的阐发归纳了不同迁移阶段中乡城移民群体的生活困难与核心诉求。在迁移初始期,他们要承受重构和适应城市生活的压力,求职艰辛、社交匮乏的现象较为突出;在迁移发展期,他们便开始寻求能够在城市站稳脚跟的可能,追求在城市的生活质量和居住条件,但是城市中高昂房价所产生的驱离效应增加了他们被社会排斥的风险,而作为城中村实际承租人的他们,却往往在城市拆迁改造的利益博弈中处于绝对的弱势地位;在迁移稳定期,他们则对于改变目前公民身份差序格局的愿望更加强烈,因而享受与城市市民无差别的基本公共服务是他们在城市生活中最大的利益诉求,具体体现在子女入学、户籍准入、住房保障享有等方面。四是基于上述社会网络特征和生活诉求的阶段性差异,笔者认为在初始期,以企业与社区为中心的协同能够成为一种有效的社会支持模式,前者能够缓解乡城移民群体的求职压力以及提供更多的人文关怀,后者能够提供基本的社区服务帮助他们增加对于城市社会的融入感;在迁移发展期,以政府与社区为中心的协同能够发挥积极的支持作用,前者主导了公租房的建设和审批,后者能够积极参与公租房社区的日常管理和服务输送;在迁移稳定期,以政府与社会组织为中心的协同是破除现有公民身份差序格局的主要模式,前者能够通过制度的优化为乡城移民群体平权,后者能够通过各种项目的开展为乡城移民群体赋权。最后,笔者认为要正在实现乡城移民群体的市民化,最终的途径还是要提升政府政策设计的包容性。因而文章建议,在政策设计上要注重前置需求评估并减少制度性排斥,在手段运用上要强化多元协同以提升社会支持有效性,在政策评估上要注重对于多元包容的社会风气的引领以促进移民群体心理融入。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the citizenization process of our country's agricultural transfer has been seriously lagged behind the process of urbanization. Most of the rural migrants are unable to enjoy the basic public services provided by the government in the migrated land, so they can not enjoy the dividends brought to them by urbanization and urban economic growth. This shows the economic and social development of our country. The degree of inclusiveness is far from enough. The division between urban and rural areas is increasingly serious, the class differentiation in the city is increasingly obvious, the conflict between the urban new immigrants and the local citizens is increasing, and the social instability is increasing in social reality, providing effective social support for the rural emigrants so as to help them integrate into the urban society as soon as possible. In this field of research, the academic community used to consider rural migrants as a whole to discuss the construction of social support, but little attention is paid to the heterogeneity of this group, and the neglect of the heterogeneity will lead to the lack of pertinence and accuracy in the response of social support. The thesis will discuss its social support from the perspective of differentiation. The key topics of the study include how to define the different stages of the migration of rural immigrants into the city, what is the difference between the needs and demands of the immigrants in the different migration stages in the process of integrating into the urban society, and the social support system of the multi social subject in the social support system. How to coordinate effective coordination in response to the difference demands in different migration stages, whether these different construction patterns have practical and theoretical basis, and how the government's policies and systems should be designed to enhance the policy's inclusiveness in order to reduce the society brought about by the rural migrants. In accordance with the basic paradigm of scientific research, this paper is based on the basic paradigm of scientific research. It is based on the review of literature review methodology - migration stage - the social network and demand analysis in different migration stages - the stage construction of the social support model - the theoretical function, policy analysis and Enlightenment as the main line, the migration system theory, and the migration The network theory and the social capital theory form the research framework and the method, and use the social network analysis, the multi subject analysis, the case analysis and other research methods to analyze the data, and draw the following main conclusions: first, this article is based on the existing policy provisions of our country and combined with the chi square test and the Bonferroni correction method, and will emigrate the local city. The group is divided into three stages of the initial period of migration, the period of migration and development and the stable period of migration in the city life for half a year and five years. The differences in the local social situation, the education of children, the rights situation of the government and the public service cognition in the different migration stages are more significant. The two is that this article is through the different stages of the rural emigrant groups. The social network analysis found that for immigrants in the initial period of migration, the social communication network in the city mainly concentrated on townships based on local relations, colleagues in the workplace and the roommates and community staff in the place of residence; for migrant groups in the migratory development period, they were with the local house. In the East, the local community, the enhancement of the interaction between local friends shows that the social network of rural migrants has changed significantly at this stage, and they are more needed to live in the local community, and are more likely to be more integrated with the local communities; for those who are in the stable migration period, they are more likely to be integrated with the local community. The interaction between the local government, the school and some social organizations is more frequent, and their social network mostly presents the active and divergent trend with the key nodes as the center. Three, through the elucidation of the social network characteristics, this article summarizes the living difficulties and the core of the migrants in the different migration stages. In the initial period of migration, they have to bear the pressure of reconstructing and adapting to the life of the city, and the phenomenon of hard job and social lack is more prominent. In the period of the migration and development, they begin to seek the possibility of a stable heel in the city, the pursuit of the quality of life and living conditions in the city, but the exorbitant effect of the high house price in the city They should increase the risk of their social exclusion, but as the real tenants of the city village, they tend to be in an absolute disadvantaged position in the game of the benefits of urban relocation and transformation. In the period of stable migration, they have a stronger desire to change the current pattern of civil identity difference, thus enjoying the basic difference between the urban residents and the urban residents. Public service is their biggest interest demand in urban life, which is embodied in children entrance, household registration access, housing security and so on. Four is a stage difference based on the social network characteristics and life demands. In the initial period, the cooperation between enterprise and community can become an effective social support in the initial period. The former can relieve the pressure on job hunting and provide more humanistic care for the rural migrants, and the latter can provide basic community services to help them increase their sense of integration for urban society. In the period of migration and development, the collaboration between the government and the community can play a positive role, and the former dominates the public rental housing. Construction and examination and approval, the latter can actively participate in the daily management and service delivery of public rental housing community; in the period of stable migration, the coordination between government and social organization is the main mode of eliminating the existing pattern of existing citizenship difference. The former can be used by the optimization of the system for the rural people to shift the people to the people, and the latter can pass through various projects. Finally, the final way is to realize the citizenization of the rural emigrant group, the ultimate way is to improve the inclusive government policy design. Therefore, the article suggests that the policy design should pay attention to the pre demand assessment and reduce the institutional exclusion. In the use of means, we should strengthen multiple synergies in order to promote the society. It will support effectiveness. In policy evaluation, we should pay attention to the guidance of multiple inclusive social ethos so as to promote the psychological integration of immigrant groups.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D632.4;C912.3
，
本文编号：2147627
[Abstract]:For a long time, the citizenization process of our country's agricultural transfer has been seriously lagged behind the process of urbanization. Most of the rural migrants are unable to enjoy the basic public services provided by the government in the migrated land, so they can not enjoy the dividends brought to them by urbanization and urban economic growth. This shows the economic and social development of our country. The degree of inclusiveness is far from enough. The division between urban and rural areas is increasingly serious, the class differentiation in the city is increasingly obvious, the conflict between the urban new immigrants and the local citizens is increasing, and the social instability is increasing in social reality, providing effective social support for the rural emigrants so as to help them integrate into the urban society as soon as possible. In this field of research, the academic community used to consider rural migrants as a whole to discuss the construction of social support, but little attention is paid to the heterogeneity of this group, and the neglect of the heterogeneity will lead to the lack of pertinence and accuracy in the response of social support. The thesis will discuss its social support from the perspective of differentiation. The key topics of the study include how to define the different stages of the migration of rural immigrants into the city, what is the difference between the needs and demands of the immigrants in the different migration stages in the process of integrating into the urban society, and the social support system of the multi social subject in the social support system. How to coordinate effective coordination in response to the difference demands in different migration stages, whether these different construction patterns have practical and theoretical basis, and how the government's policies and systems should be designed to enhance the policy's inclusiveness in order to reduce the society brought about by the rural migrants. In accordance with the basic paradigm of scientific research, this paper is based on the basic paradigm of scientific research. It is based on the review of literature review methodology - migration stage - the social network and demand analysis in different migration stages - the stage construction of the social support model - the theoretical function, policy analysis and Enlightenment as the main line, the migration system theory, and the migration The network theory and the social capital theory form the research framework and the method, and use the social network analysis, the multi subject analysis, the case analysis and other research methods to analyze the data, and draw the following main conclusions: first, this article is based on the existing policy provisions of our country and combined with the chi square test and the Bonferroni correction method, and will emigrate the local city. The group is divided into three stages of the initial period of migration, the period of migration and development and the stable period of migration in the city life for half a year and five years. The differences in the local social situation, the education of children, the rights situation of the government and the public service cognition in the different migration stages are more significant. The two is that this article is through the different stages of the rural emigrant groups. The social network analysis found that for immigrants in the initial period of migration, the social communication network in the city mainly concentrated on townships based on local relations, colleagues in the workplace and the roommates and community staff in the place of residence; for migrant groups in the migratory development period, they were with the local house. In the East, the local community, the enhancement of the interaction between local friends shows that the social network of rural migrants has changed significantly at this stage, and they are more needed to live in the local community, and are more likely to be more integrated with the local communities; for those who are in the stable migration period, they are more likely to be integrated with the local community. The interaction between the local government, the school and some social organizations is more frequent, and their social network mostly presents the active and divergent trend with the key nodes as the center. Three, through the elucidation of the social network characteristics, this article summarizes the living difficulties and the core of the migrants in the different migration stages. In the initial period of migration, they have to bear the pressure of reconstructing and adapting to the life of the city, and the phenomenon of hard job and social lack is more prominent. In the period of the migration and development, they begin to seek the possibility of a stable heel in the city, the pursuit of the quality of life and living conditions in the city, but the exorbitant effect of the high house price in the city They should increase the risk of their social exclusion, but as the real tenants of the city village, they tend to be in an absolute disadvantaged position in the game of the benefits of urban relocation and transformation. In the period of stable migration, they have a stronger desire to change the current pattern of civil identity difference, thus enjoying the basic difference between the urban residents and the urban residents. Public service is their biggest interest demand in urban life, which is embodied in children entrance, household registration access, housing security and so on. Four is a stage difference based on the social network characteristics and life demands. In the initial period, the cooperation between enterprise and community can become an effective social support in the initial period. The former can relieve the pressure on job hunting and provide more humanistic care for the rural migrants, and the latter can provide basic community services to help them increase their sense of integration for urban society. In the period of migration and development, the collaboration between the government and the community can play a positive role, and the former dominates the public rental housing. Construction and examination and approval, the latter can actively participate in the daily management and service delivery of public rental housing community; in the period of stable migration, the coordination between government and social organization is the main mode of eliminating the existing pattern of existing citizenship difference. The former can be used by the optimization of the system for the rural people to shift the people to the people, and the latter can pass through various projects. Finally, the final way is to realize the citizenization of the rural emigrant group, the ultimate way is to improve the inclusive government policy design. Therefore, the article suggests that the policy design should pay attention to the pre demand assessment and reduce the institutional exclusion. In the use of means, we should strengthen multiple synergies in order to promote the society. It will support effectiveness. In policy evaluation, we should pay attention to the guidance of multiple inclusive social ethos so as to promote the psychological integration of immigrant groups.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D632.4;C912.3
，
本文编号：2147627
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