学龄前儿童睡眠及体力活动对认知能力的交互作用
发布时间：2018-07-28 12:03
【摘要】：充足的睡眠与适当的体力活动是促进儿童、青少年生长发育的必备条件,对儿童的体格生长、机体免疫,以及情绪和认知功能至关重要。然而由于父母和学校对于高学业成绩的不懈追求,以及电子产品的广为普及,致使儿童睡眠问题愈加突出、体力活动水平逐渐下降。睡眠问题和体力活动不足现已成为全球性的公共健康问题。学龄前期是身、心迅速发展的关键时期。但是,除了针对单个因素对认知影响的研究外,仅有少数研究探讨了老年人睡眠和体力活动对认知能力的共同作用,而涉及学龄前儿童的十分有限。本研究包括三个主要部分。研究一,采用问卷调查方式对上海市杨浦、宝山区306名(其中男孩176名,占57.5%)学龄前儿童睡眠行为进行调查。家长依据孩子近半年的表现填写问卷。问卷包括6个题目,全部采编自Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL/1.5-5),包括:a)不愿独自睡觉(DWSA);b)说梦话或有哭(ST/C);c)做过噩梦(Nightmares);d)入睡困难(TGS);e)夜间经常醒来(WUO);f)比大多数孩子睡得少(Sleep less)。使用《中国—韦氏幼儿智力量表(C-WYCSI)》城市版对上海市学龄前儿童的认知能力水平进行评估,根据龚耀先教授编写的《中国修订韦氏智力量表简式手册》,选取知识、图片词汇、图画填充和木块图案四个具有代表性的分测验组成“学龄前儿童简式智力量表”。知识与图片词汇测验量表分之和即为言语智商(VIQ)得分,图片填充与木块图案测验量表分之和即为操作智商(PIQ)得分,最后根据受试者年龄段查询《中国修订韦氏智力量表简式手册》得到各测验相应的权重系数,计算得到全智商(FIQ)得分。利用一系列单因素协方差分析,探讨控制混杂因素后,各独立睡眠变量与认知能力的关系。研究二,通过连续佩戴GT3X+加速度计7天(5个工作日,2个周末)获取受试者日常体力活动水平。加速度计的采样频率和采样间隔设置分别为30Hz和1s,并告知受试者,除洗澡、游泳和睡觉外,其他时间均需佩戴设备。仪器收回后,采用Acti Life软件下载原始数据,并对数据进行处理和筛选。根据Pate等人提出的不同强度体力活动的分切点对counts进行划分,得出低强度体力活动(LPA)、中强度体力活动(MPA)和高强度体力活动(VPA)的时间。采用一系列协方差分析(ANCOVA),探讨控制混杂因素后,学龄前儿童睡眠与体力活动的关系。研究三,以中位数将研究二所获得的学龄前儿童中-高轻度体力活动数据进行二分类处理,分为低mvpa和高mvpa,进行一系列多因素协方差分析(mancova),研究睡眠与体力活动水平的主效应,以及两个因素对认知能力是否存在交互作用,当交互作用显著时进行简单效应检验。研究一发现:306名受试者中,有282名至少回答了一项睡眠问卷中的问题(男孩164人,58.2%),各项睡眠行为的发生率:dwsa为82.1%;st/c为50.4%;nightmares为45.1%;tgs为47.8%;wuo为39.0%;sleepless为35.2%。学龄前男孩和女孩在大多数睡眠变量之间的发生率无显著性差异,但dwsa在男孩中的发生率显著性高于女孩(男孩86.3%vs.女孩76.2%;p=0.04)。协方差分析结果显示,在控制了混在因素后,6个睡眠变量中,仅dwsa与学龄前儿童的认知能力存在显著性相关。有dwsa状况比没有该睡眠状况的学龄前儿童平均言语智商得分和平均全智商得分分别高2分和6分(f=6.495,p=0.011;f=7.478,p=0.007)。不同性别中的亚组分析结果显示,在男性学龄前儿童中,有/无dwsa的儿童viq无显著性差异,而piq和fiq均显著高于没有该睡眠状况的儿童(f=5.948,p=0.016;f=5.773,p=0.018);在女性学龄前儿童中,存在dwsa的儿童viq较无该状况的儿童高2分(f=4.624,p=0.034),而有/无dwsa的儿童的piq和fiq无显著性差异。研究二发现:根据体力活动数据有效性筛初标准,306名学龄前儿童中,体力活动测量数据有效的271人,总有效率为88.6%,其中至少完成一项睡眠问卷中题目的受试者有260人,基本信息数据全部完整的受试者共256人(其中男孩145人,占56.6%)。男孩的睡眠和体力活动的协方差分析结果显示,全部睡眠变量与日间各强度体力活动水平时间无显著相关性。女孩的睡眠和体力活动的协方差分析结果显示,仅“比大多数孩子睡得少”的女孩比不存在该睡眠问题的女孩日平均mpa和mvpa时间分别低3.3min/day和6.5min/day(f=6.026,p=0.016;f=5.336,p=0.023),其他睡眠状况变量与体力活动间无显著相关性。研究三发现:306名受试者中,至少完成一项睡眠问题作答、认知测试结果有效、体力活动水平和基本信息数据全部完整的共252人(男孩141人,占56.0%)。睡眠与MVPA的协方差分析结果显示,在学龄前男孩中,控制混在因素后,MVPA的主效应显著(P0.05),高MVPA组的言语智商和全智商得分比低MVPA组高(2-4分和2-11分),各睡眠变量和MVPA的交互作用不显著;在学龄前女孩中,各睡眠变量和MVPA的主效应以及交互效应均不显著(P0.05)。本研究的主要结论有:不愿独自睡觉的学龄前儿童具有较高的认知能力,这表明合睡可能有益于促进学龄前儿童的认知发展。此外,睡眠少的女孩体力活动水平相对较低,而男孩中并不存在该现象,提示睡眠不足对于体力活动倾向性存在影响,且该影响具有性别差异。最后,未发现学龄前儿童的睡眠和中-高强度体力活动对认知能力存在显著性交互作用。提示,无论儿童是否存在睡眠问题,均不会影响体力活动对认知促进的有益作用。
[Abstract]:Adequate sleep and proper physical activity are essential for promoting children and adolescents' growth and development. The physical growth, immunity, and emotional and cognitive functions of children are essential. However, the growing pursuit of high academic achievements and the widespread popularity of electrical products have led to more sleep problems in children. The level of physical activity is declining. Sleep problems and inadequate physical activity have now become a global public health problem. Early school age is a critical period for the rapid development of the body. However, only a few studies have explored the cognitive ability of elderly people in sleep and physical activity in addition to the study of the cognitive effects of a single factor. The study included three main parts of the study. This study included three main parts. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the sleep behavior of preschool children in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Baoshan District, and 176 boys, accounting for 57.5%. The parents filled out a questionnaire according to their children's performance for nearly half a year. The questionnaire included 6 questions. The Department was compiled from the Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL/1.5-5), including a) not going to sleep alone (DWSA); b) saying dreams or crying (ST/C); c) having nightmares (Nightmares); d) sleeping difficulty (TGS); E) often waking up (WUO) at night; less than most children. Using < China Wechsler's intelligence scale > urban edition to Shanghai The level of cognitive ability of preschool children was evaluated. According to Professor Gong Yaoxian's "China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual >", four representative sub tests were composed of knowledge, picture vocabulary, picture filling and block patterns. The "preschool children's simplified intelligence scale" was composed of knowledge and picture vocabulary test scale. That is, the score of the speech IQ (VIQ), the sum of the picture filling and the block pattern test scale, that is, the score of the operational IQ (PIQ). Finally, according to the subjects' age query, the Chinese revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual > the corresponding weight coefficient of each test, the total IQ (FIQ) score is calculated. A series of single factor covariance analysis is used. Study the relationship between the independent sleep variables and the cognitive ability after controlling the confounding factors. Study two, the daily physical activity level of the subjects was obtained by wearing the GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days (5 working days, 2 weekends). The sampling frequency and the sampling interval of the accelerometer were set to 30Hz and 1s respectively, and the subjects were told, in addition to bathing, swimming and sleeping. Acti Life software is used to download the original data and to process and screen the data, and the counts is divided according to the different strength physical activity points proposed by Pate et al. To obtain the low strength physical activity (LPA), the moderate strength physical activity (MPA) and the high strength physical activity (VPA). Time. A series of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to explore the relationship between sleep and physical activity of preschool children after controlling confounding. Study three, the median of two pre school-age children was divided into low MVPA and high MVPA, and a series of multiple factor covariance scores were divided into the median. MANCOVA, the main effects of sleep and physical activity level, and the interaction of two factors on cognitive ability, and the simple effect test when the interaction was significant. One found that 282 of the 306 subjects answered at least one sleep question (boy 164, 58.2%), and all sleep behavior. The incidence of dwsa was 82.1%; st/c was 50.4%; nightmares was 45.1%; TGS was 47.8%; wuo was 39%; sleepless was 35.2%. before school-age boys and girls had no significant difference in the incidence of most sleep variables, but the incidence of dwsa in boys was significantly higher than that of girls (boys 86.3%vs. girls 76.2%; p=0.04). Covariance analysis showed that, In the 6 sleep variables, only dwsa had a significant correlation with preschool children's cognitive ability. The dwsa status was 2 and 6 points higher than the average total IQ score and the average total IQ score (f=6.495, p= 0.011; f=7.478, p=0.007) in the preschool children without the sleep status. Subgroup analysis in different sex The results showed that there was no significant difference in VIQ between children with / without dwsa, while PIQ and FIQ were significantly higher than those without the sleep status (f=5.948, p=0.016; f=5.773, p=0.018). In the preschool children, VIQ of children with dwsa was 2 points higher (f=4.624, p=0.034) than those without the condition. There was no significant difference between PIQ and FIQ. Study two: according to the preliminary criteria for the effectiveness of physical activity data, 271 of the 306 preschool children were effective in physical activity measurement, with a total effective rate of 88.6%, of which at least 260 subjects completed one sleep questionnaire and 256 of all the basic information data were complete. The covariance analysis of boys' sleep and physical activity showed that there was no significant correlation between all sleep variables and the intensity of physical activity during the day. The covariance analysis of girls' sleep and physical activity showed that only girls who slept less than most children did not have the sleep problem. The average daily MPa and MVPA time of girls were lower 3.3min/day and 6.5min/day (f=6.026, p=0.016; f=5.336, p=0.023), and there was no significant correlation between other sleep variables and physical activity. Study three found that in the 306 subjects, at least one sleep problem was completed, and the test results were valid, physical activity level and basic information data were found. All complete 252 people (141 boys, 56%). The results of covariance analysis between sleep and MVPA showed that in the preschool boys, the main effect of MVPA was significant (P0.05), and the scores of speech IQ and IQ in the high MVPA group were higher than those in the low MVPA group (2-4 and 2-11), and the interaction of each sleep variable and MVPA was not significant; The main conclusions of this study are that the preschool children who do not want to sleep alone have higher cognitive ability, which suggests that sleeping may be beneficial to the cognitive development of preschool children. In addition, the level of physical activity of girls with less sleep is relatively higher than that of MVPA. Low, but not in boys, suggesting that lack of sleep affects physical activity tendencies, and there is a gender difference. In the end, no preschool children's sleep and middle and high intensity physical activity have significant intercourse interaction with cognitive ability. The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive promotion.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49
[Abstract]:Adequate sleep and proper physical activity are essential for promoting children and adolescents' growth and development. The physical growth, immunity, and emotional and cognitive functions of children are essential. However, the growing pursuit of high academic achievements and the widespread popularity of electrical products have led to more sleep problems in children. The level of physical activity is declining. Sleep problems and inadequate physical activity have now become a global public health problem. Early school age is a critical period for the rapid development of the body. However, only a few studies have explored the cognitive ability of elderly people in sleep and physical activity in addition to the study of the cognitive effects of a single factor. The study included three main parts of the study. This study included three main parts. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the sleep behavior of preschool children in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Baoshan District, and 176 boys, accounting for 57.5%. The parents filled out a questionnaire according to their children's performance for nearly half a year. The questionnaire included 6 questions. The Department was compiled from the Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL/1.5-5), including a) not going to sleep alone (DWSA); b) saying dreams or crying (ST/C); c) having nightmares (Nightmares); d) sleeping difficulty (TGS); E) often waking up (WUO) at night; less than most children. Using < China Wechsler's intelligence scale > urban edition to Shanghai The level of cognitive ability of preschool children was evaluated. According to Professor Gong Yaoxian's "China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual >", four representative sub tests were composed of knowledge, picture vocabulary, picture filling and block patterns. The "preschool children's simplified intelligence scale" was composed of knowledge and picture vocabulary test scale. That is, the score of the speech IQ (VIQ), the sum of the picture filling and the block pattern test scale, that is, the score of the operational IQ (PIQ). Finally, according to the subjects' age query, the Chinese revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual > the corresponding weight coefficient of each test, the total IQ (FIQ) score is calculated. A series of single factor covariance analysis is used. Study the relationship between the independent sleep variables and the cognitive ability after controlling the confounding factors. Study two, the daily physical activity level of the subjects was obtained by wearing the GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days (5 working days, 2 weekends). The sampling frequency and the sampling interval of the accelerometer were set to 30Hz and 1s respectively, and the subjects were told, in addition to bathing, swimming and sleeping. Acti Life software is used to download the original data and to process and screen the data, and the counts is divided according to the different strength physical activity points proposed by Pate et al. To obtain the low strength physical activity (LPA), the moderate strength physical activity (MPA) and the high strength physical activity (VPA). Time. A series of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to explore the relationship between sleep and physical activity of preschool children after controlling confounding. Study three, the median of two pre school-age children was divided into low MVPA and high MVPA, and a series of multiple factor covariance scores were divided into the median. MANCOVA, the main effects of sleep and physical activity level, and the interaction of two factors on cognitive ability, and the simple effect test when the interaction was significant. One found that 282 of the 306 subjects answered at least one sleep question (boy 164, 58.2%), and all sleep behavior. The incidence of dwsa was 82.1%; st/c was 50.4%; nightmares was 45.1%; TGS was 47.8%; wuo was 39%; sleepless was 35.2%. before school-age boys and girls had no significant difference in the incidence of most sleep variables, but the incidence of dwsa in boys was significantly higher than that of girls (boys 86.3%vs. girls 76.2%; p=0.04). Covariance analysis showed that, In the 6 sleep variables, only dwsa had a significant correlation with preschool children's cognitive ability. The dwsa status was 2 and 6 points higher than the average total IQ score and the average total IQ score (f=6.495, p= 0.011; f=7.478, p=0.007) in the preschool children without the sleep status. Subgroup analysis in different sex The results showed that there was no significant difference in VIQ between children with / without dwsa, while PIQ and FIQ were significantly higher than those without the sleep status (f=5.948, p=0.016; f=5.773, p=0.018). In the preschool children, VIQ of children with dwsa was 2 points higher (f=4.624, p=0.034) than those without the condition. There was no significant difference between PIQ and FIQ. Study two: according to the preliminary criteria for the effectiveness of physical activity data, 271 of the 306 preschool children were effective in physical activity measurement, with a total effective rate of 88.6%, of which at least 260 subjects completed one sleep questionnaire and 256 of all the basic information data were complete. The covariance analysis of boys' sleep and physical activity showed that there was no significant correlation between all sleep variables and the intensity of physical activity during the day. The covariance analysis of girls' sleep and physical activity showed that only girls who slept less than most children did not have the sleep problem. The average daily MPa and MVPA time of girls were lower 3.3min/day and 6.5min/day (f=6.026, p=0.016; f=5.336, p=0.023), and there was no significant correlation between other sleep variables and physical activity. Study three found that in the 306 subjects, at least one sleep problem was completed, and the test results were valid, physical activity level and basic information data were found. All complete 252 people (141 boys, 56%). The results of covariance analysis between sleep and MVPA showed that in the preschool boys, the main effect of MVPA was significant (P0.05), and the scores of speech IQ and IQ in the high MVPA group were higher than those in the low MVPA group (2-4 and 2-11), and the interaction of each sleep variable and MVPA was not significant; The main conclusions of this study are that the preschool children who do not want to sleep alone have higher cognitive ability, which suggests that sleeping may be beneficial to the cognitive development of preschool children. In addition, the level of physical activity of girls with less sleep is relatively higher than that of MVPA. Low, but not in boys, suggesting that lack of sleep affects physical activity tendencies, and there is a gender difference. In the end, no preschool children's sleep and middle and high intensity physical activity have significant intercourse interaction with cognitive ability. The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive promotion.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49
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