印度东北边疆治理研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 20:03
【摘要】：“边疆”是以国家主权为核心,以国家认同为纽带,以国家利益为取向,集政治、经济、军事、文化、社会等综合因素于一体的邻近国家边界的地域。边疆地区出现的各种社会问题统称为边疆问题,而解决边疆问题的过程称为“边疆治理”。印度东北边疆是印度最为重要和独特的地区之一。该地区地缘政治复杂多变、安全形势敏感脆弱、周边局势紧张严峻,社会文化复杂多元。长期以来印度东北边疆以民族冲突不断、移民问题突出、恐怖主义泛滥、经济长期落后凋敝著称,历来是印度政府、区域内各国以及国际社会高度关注的热点地区。印度独立以后,中央政府在不同时期对东北边疆制定了若干个政策：独立初期推行“尼赫鲁-艾尔温政策框架”,1962年“中印边境战争”以后开始关注东北边疆的安全防守,1971年颁布《印度东北部重组法案》,启动东北边疆的政治重组进程；冷战结束后,开始实施“东向政策”,印度东北边疆迎来前所未有的发展机遇。在政治治理方面,印度对东北边疆划定了行政区划,设立了立法与行政机构,成立了多层次的地方自治机构,遏制了民族分离主义组织的行动,整体安全局势好转；在安全治理方面,经历了“从忽视到重视”、“从孤立到合作”、“从混乱到集中”的历史沿革,逐渐确立起明确的国家安全战略,如今东北边疆整体安全局势已趋于稳定,社会暴乱程度明显减弱；在经济治理方面,印度强调“区域协调发展”,中央和地方政府投入了大量资金,针对农业、工业、服务业各领域的现状与问题,制定了不同的发展策略,整体经济与各产业均得到一定程度的发展；在社会文化治理方面,印度着重完善了基层医疗卫生服务体系建设,加大了对东北边疆教育发展的扶持力度,积极推动东北边疆的多渠道就业,为边疆发展与稳定夯实了社会文化基础。通过对印度东北边疆各方面治理的分析,我们可以发现印度东北边疆治理以实现东北边疆和平与繁荣为目标,形成一套多元主体解决多重问题、充分保护部落民权益、注重国际合作的边疆治理新路径。同时,也发现印度东北边疆治理还存在基层自治机构治理不利,犯罪量居高不下,行政管理程序缺乏透明度、官僚阶层腐败严重,基础设施建设缓慢,无法满足日益增长的经济发展需求等问题。在对印度东北边疆治理进行系统研究以后,总结了关于边疆治理的一些普遍规律,以期对我国或其他国家相关的边疆治理提供一定有益的借鉴或启示。特别对印度非法侵占中国藏南地区的情况进行了分析,提出了我方应有的战略准备。最后提出了扩大我国与印度东北边疆的经济合作,逐步推进孟中印缅经济走廊建设的几点思考。
[Abstract]:"Frontier" is a region with national sovereignty as its core, national identity as its link, national interests as its orientation, political, economic, military, cultural, social and other comprehensive factors. All kinds of social problems in frontier areas are called frontier problems, and the process of solving border problems is called "border governance". The northeast border of India is one of the most important and unique areas in India. The geopolitical situation of the region is complex and changeable, the security situation is sensitive and fragile, the surrounding situation is tense and serious, and the social culture is complex and diverse. For a long time, the northeast border of India has been famous for its continuous ethnic conflicts, outstanding immigration problems, widespread terrorism and long-term economic backwardness. It has always been a hot spot that the Indian government, regional countries and the international community have paid close attention to. After India became independent, The central government has formulated several policies on the northeast frontier in different periods: in the early days of independence, the "Nehru-Elwin Policy Framework" was carried out; after "the Sino-Indian Border War" in 1962, the government began to pay attention to the security and defense of the Northeast Frontier, which was issued in 1971. (B) the "Northeast India restructuring Act", starting the process of political reorganization in the Northeast Frontier; After the end of the Cold War, it began to implement the "eastward policy", and the northeast border of India ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. In the aspect of political governance, India delimited administrative divisions, set up legislative and administrative organs, set up multi-level local self-government organizations, restrained the actions of ethnic separatist organizations, and improved the overall security situation. In the aspect of security governance, after the historical evolution of "from neglect to attention", "from isolation to cooperation" and "from chaos to concentration", a clear national security strategy was gradually established. Now the overall security situation in the Northeast border area has tended to stabilize. In terms of economic governance, India has emphasized "coordinated regional development", and the central and local governments have invested a great deal of money to deal with the current situation and problems in agriculture, industry and services. Different development strategies have been formulated, the overall economy and various industries have been developed to a certain extent. In terms of social and cultural governance, India has focused on improving the construction of the primary medical and health service system. It has strengthened the support for the development of education in the Northeast Frontier, actively promoted the employment of the Northeast Frontier through multiple channels, and consolidated the social and cultural foundation for the development and stability of the Frontier. Based on the analysis of the governance of the Northeast Indian Frontier, we can find that the Northeastern Indian Frontier Governance aims at realizing the peace and prosperity of the Northeast Frontier, forms a set of pluralistic subjects to solve the multiple problems, and fully protects the rights and interests of the Buraku. Pay attention to the new path of international cooperation in border area management. At the same time, it has also been found that the governance of the northeast border areas of India is also unfavourable to the governance of grass-roots autonomous institutions, with high levels of crime, lack of transparency in administrative procedures, serious corruption among the bureaucratic class, and slow infrastructure construction. Unable to meet the growing demand for economic development and other problems. After a systematic study on the governance of the northeast border of India, this paper summarizes some general laws of the governance of the frontier, in order to provide some useful reference or enlightenment to the border governance of our country or other countries. In particular, the situation of India's illegal occupation of southern Tibet in China is analyzed, and our strategic preparations are put forward. Finally, some thoughts on expanding the economic cooperation between China and the northeast border area of India and gradually promoting the construction of the economic corridor between Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D735.1
，
本文编号：2188746
[Abstract]:"Frontier" is a region with national sovereignty as its core, national identity as its link, national interests as its orientation, political, economic, military, cultural, social and other comprehensive factors. All kinds of social problems in frontier areas are called frontier problems, and the process of solving border problems is called "border governance". The northeast border of India is one of the most important and unique areas in India. The geopolitical situation of the region is complex and changeable, the security situation is sensitive and fragile, the surrounding situation is tense and serious, and the social culture is complex and diverse. For a long time, the northeast border of India has been famous for its continuous ethnic conflicts, outstanding immigration problems, widespread terrorism and long-term economic backwardness. It has always been a hot spot that the Indian government, regional countries and the international community have paid close attention to. After India became independent, The central government has formulated several policies on the northeast frontier in different periods: in the early days of independence, the "Nehru-Elwin Policy Framework" was carried out; after "the Sino-Indian Border War" in 1962, the government began to pay attention to the security and defense of the Northeast Frontier, which was issued in 1971. (B) the "Northeast India restructuring Act", starting the process of political reorganization in the Northeast Frontier; After the end of the Cold War, it began to implement the "eastward policy", and the northeast border of India ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. In the aspect of political governance, India delimited administrative divisions, set up legislative and administrative organs, set up multi-level local self-government organizations, restrained the actions of ethnic separatist organizations, and improved the overall security situation. In the aspect of security governance, after the historical evolution of "from neglect to attention", "from isolation to cooperation" and "from chaos to concentration", a clear national security strategy was gradually established. Now the overall security situation in the Northeast border area has tended to stabilize. In terms of economic governance, India has emphasized "coordinated regional development", and the central and local governments have invested a great deal of money to deal with the current situation and problems in agriculture, industry and services. Different development strategies have been formulated, the overall economy and various industries have been developed to a certain extent. In terms of social and cultural governance, India has focused on improving the construction of the primary medical and health service system. It has strengthened the support for the development of education in the Northeast Frontier, actively promoted the employment of the Northeast Frontier through multiple channels, and consolidated the social and cultural foundation for the development and stability of the Frontier. Based on the analysis of the governance of the Northeast Indian Frontier, we can find that the Northeastern Indian Frontier Governance aims at realizing the peace and prosperity of the Northeast Frontier, forms a set of pluralistic subjects to solve the multiple problems, and fully protects the rights and interests of the Buraku. Pay attention to the new path of international cooperation in border area management. At the same time, it has also been found that the governance of the northeast border areas of India is also unfavourable to the governance of grass-roots autonomous institutions, with high levels of crime, lack of transparency in administrative procedures, serious corruption among the bureaucratic class, and slow infrastructure construction. Unable to meet the growing demand for economic development and other problems. After a systematic study on the governance of the northeast border of India, this paper summarizes some general laws of the governance of the frontier, in order to provide some useful reference or enlightenment to the border governance of our country or other countries. In particular, the situation of India's illegal occupation of southern Tibet in China is analyzed, and our strategic preparations are put forward. Finally, some thoughts on expanding the economic cooperation between China and the northeast border area of India and gradually promoting the construction of the economic corridor between Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D735.1
，
本文编号：2188746
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