经合组织高等教育政策研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 15:33
【摘要】：人性的升华、社会的净化,都有赖于无私、利他的品德。教育,尤其高等教育作为文明传承、知识传授的重要系统,天然地承担着这种净化的使命。在全球化大背景下,国际组织的教育政策及理念已经对各国教育产生了广泛而深刻的影响。其中,经合组织(OECD)在高等教育政策领域更是具备了 "无可争议的品牌识别",相关研究尚且有限。它的"软权力"与布尔迪厄所称的"符号权力"颇为相似。本研究对经合组织教育工作发展历程、高等教育政策的缘起、政策生成过程、政策文本特征及其对各国高等教育领域的影响作了剖析,并从符号权力的视角分析了其高等教育政策生成与发挥影响的作用机制。主要研究结论如下:自组织成立至今,教育工作经历了萌芽期对教育与经济关联的求证、初创期的地位认可、发展期的重新定位,业已进入成熟期,逐渐成为组织的核心事务之一。高等教育领域的工作,虽然起步稍晚,但也从对高等教育机构管理的关注,不断拓展、深化,发展到对质量保障、大学功能、学习成果等各个领域的重视。以项目为依托,涌现出了大量的高等教育出版物(政策文本),承载着经合组织的理念,传播到各国。教育政策评议项目(高等教育部分)和国际高等教育学习成果评估(AHELO)可行性研究项目,作为经合组织高等教育领域工作的范例,其运行过程较好地展现了项目式运作的优势,同时也完整地诠释了经合组织高等教育政策生成中的符号权力:符号权力以应需而生为现实基础;符号结构的形成中倚重知识分子(专家)的独立性;高效、务实的工作风格是为符号权力的主体结构。通过运用MAXQDA软件对经合组织23个高等教育政策文本进行分析,发现这些文本在语气、内容与价值取向上体现出相似的特征:在高等教育发展上强调"质量为本",对高等教育功能的定位具有经济化倾向;注重营造危机感与竞争、革新的氛围,语气表述多委婉、缜密而客观;通过对术语的界定与不断重复,以及评价权力的使用来强化组织权威。这些特征,凸显了经合组织政策文本的重要性、客观性或是权威性,有助于增强其文本内容、观念乃至相关术语的传播。以英国、爱尔兰、美国和中国为案例,各国的媒体报道、学术研究、政策文本与实践中,均可寻觅到经合组织高等教育政策影响的踪迹。英国《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》的若干报道中或称扬或贬损的态度,有形无形中彰显着经合组织的影响;爱尔兰高等教育评议项目更是在很大程度上建构了它当今的高等教育体系。美国由于与经合组织的独特渊源,一方面对经合组织高等教育政策发挥着影响,另一方面也可以从媒体报道、政策报告中见到经合组织带给它的印记。作为非成员国,中国也在逐步引入经合组织高等教育出版物、研究其高等教育政策及项目、积极参与它的高等教育项目,并在高等教育政策制定中表现出采纳相关建议及采用有关术语的种种端倪。从符号权力的视角分析,经合组织在高等教育政策领域的符号资本来自经济资本,由此带来的影响可谓利弊并存;承载着组织符号结构的高等教育政策文本是借助文化资本生成、籍由社会资本传播的;这种结构再生产的过程是组织有意引导、各国选择,再加上历史趋势推动三者共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:The sublimation of human nature and the purification of society all depend on selflessness and altruism. Education, especially higher education, as an important system of civilization and knowledge transmission, naturally undertakes the mission of purification. Under the background of globalization, the educational policies and concepts of international organizations have exerted extensive and profound influence on education in various countries. In the field of higher education policy, OECD has the indisputable brand recognition, and the relevant research is still limited. Its "soft power" is quite similar to Bourdieu's "symbolic power". The main conclusions are as follows: since the founding of self-organization, education has gone through the budding period to verify the relationship between education and economy, the status recognition in the initial period, and the development period. The work in the field of higher education, although started a little late, has been developing from the concern of the management of institutions of higher education to the emphasis on quality assurance, University functions, learning outcomes and other fields. A large number of Higher Education publications (policy texts) carry the OECD concept and spread to all countries. The Feasibility Study Project of Educational Policy Review (Higher Education Section) and International Assessment of Higher Education Learning Achievements (AHELO), as examples of work in the field of higher education in the OECD, has well demonstrated the project-based operation process. At the same time, it fully explains the symbolic power in the formation of OECD higher education policy: symbolic power is based on the need; the formation of symbolic structure relies on the independence of intellectuals (experts); efficient and pragmatic working style is the main structure of symbolic power. Through the analysis of 23 higher education policy texts, it is found that these texts have similar features in tone, content and value orientation: emphasizing "quality-oriented" in the development of higher education, and economic orientation in the orientation of higher education function; paying attention to creating a sense of crisis and competition, innovative atmosphere, multi-euphemistic and meticulous tone of expression. These characteristics highlight the importance, objectivity or authority of the OECD policy text and help to enhance the dissemination of its text content, concepts and even related terms. The impact of the OECD's higher education policy can be traced in academic research, policy texts and practice. The OECD's influence is visibly and invisibly evident in some reports in the British Times Higher Education Supplement, which praised or belittled the OECD's influence, and to a great extent in the Irish Higher Education Review Project. As a non-member country, China is also gradually introducing OECD higher education. Educational publications study its higher education policies and programs, actively participate in its higher education programs, and show signs of adopting relevant proposals and terminology in the formulation of higher education policies. The influence of the latter can be described as both advantages and disadvantages; the higher education policy text bearing the organizational symbol structure is generated by cultural capital and disseminated by social capital; the process of this structural reproduction is the result of the joint action of the organization's intentional guidance, the choice of countries and the historical trend.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2
[Abstract]:The sublimation of human nature and the purification of society all depend on selflessness and altruism. Education, especially higher education, as an important system of civilization and knowledge transmission, naturally undertakes the mission of purification. Under the background of globalization, the educational policies and concepts of international organizations have exerted extensive and profound influence on education in various countries. In the field of higher education policy, OECD has the indisputable brand recognition, and the relevant research is still limited. Its "soft power" is quite similar to Bourdieu's "symbolic power". The main conclusions are as follows: since the founding of self-organization, education has gone through the budding period to verify the relationship between education and economy, the status recognition in the initial period, and the development period. The work in the field of higher education, although started a little late, has been developing from the concern of the management of institutions of higher education to the emphasis on quality assurance, University functions, learning outcomes and other fields. A large number of Higher Education publications (policy texts) carry the OECD concept and spread to all countries. The Feasibility Study Project of Educational Policy Review (Higher Education Section) and International Assessment of Higher Education Learning Achievements (AHELO), as examples of work in the field of higher education in the OECD, has well demonstrated the project-based operation process. At the same time, it fully explains the symbolic power in the formation of OECD higher education policy: symbolic power is based on the need; the formation of symbolic structure relies on the independence of intellectuals (experts); efficient and pragmatic working style is the main structure of symbolic power. Through the analysis of 23 higher education policy texts, it is found that these texts have similar features in tone, content and value orientation: emphasizing "quality-oriented" in the development of higher education, and economic orientation in the orientation of higher education function; paying attention to creating a sense of crisis and competition, innovative atmosphere, multi-euphemistic and meticulous tone of expression. These characteristics highlight the importance, objectivity or authority of the OECD policy text and help to enhance the dissemination of its text content, concepts and even related terms. The impact of the OECD's higher education policy can be traced in academic research, policy texts and practice. The OECD's influence is visibly and invisibly evident in some reports in the British Times Higher Education Supplement, which praised or belittled the OECD's influence, and to a great extent in the Irish Higher Education Review Project. As a non-member country, China is also gradually introducing OECD higher education. Educational publications study its higher education policies and programs, actively participate in its higher education programs, and show signs of adopting relevant proposals and terminology in the formulation of higher education policies. The influence of the latter can be described as both advantages and disadvantages; the higher education policy text bearing the organizational symbol structure is generated by cultural capital and disseminated by social capital; the process of this structural reproduction is the result of the joint action of the organization's intentional guidance, the choice of countries and the historical trend.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2
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