地方财经类院校大学生综合能力评价与培养体系研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:11

【摘要】：随着我国高等教育的发展,大学生的人数与规模不断扩大。根据国家教育部的统计(http://www.moe.gov.cn),2014年普通高校本科毕业生6593671人,招生数量7213987人。其中,财经类高校毕业生为627185人,所占总体比例为9.51%;招生数量为708136人,所占总体比例为9.82%。2015年全国普通高等院校毕业生将达到749万人,历史就业人数及招生规模将达到一个新高点。大学生扩招有利于提高国民的素质。如何提升大学生培养质量成为现阶段我国高等院校广泛关注的理论和现实问题。高等院校对大学生综合能力进行培养是提升大学生培养质量的重要途径之一。但是,自从高等院校扩大招生规模以来,根据中国首家高等教育管理数据与咨询的专业公司麦克思对本科大学生综合能力及就业情况的调查来看,自2011届本科毕业生以来逐届呈下降趋势,毕业生就业满意度仅为53%,呈现应届毕业生找不到满意专业岗位,企业找不到合适人才的尴尬局面。麦克思的《2011年就业蓝皮书》调查财经类院校大学生能力情况显示,大学生所具备的综合能力达不到工作的实际要求,大学生综合能力不足问题日益突出,大学生综合能力亟待提升。提升大学生综合能力将有助于大学生今后的发展。本文以财经类高校为例,选取12所地方财经类高校,对其在校本科大学生的综合能力进行评价,对大学生综合能力培养模式等问题进行探索性和创新性地研究,有着较强的理论与现实意义。另外,本文所涉及到的大学生综合能力研究,都是指财经类院校本科大学生综合能力研究。本文进行的主要研究如下:(1)大学生综合能力结构体系构建研究基于多因素理论,从多层面和多角度进行分析和研究大学生综合能力指标体系要素,结合对大学生综合能力的相关定义以及当今社会对人才培养发展的需求,从教师、学生、社会视角考察研究大学生应具备的综合能力,并征询相关来自高校、企业以及政府机关单位方面的专家意见,根据综合能力指标体系的确立原则,构建了具有22个二级能力指标的本科大学生综合能力结构体系。(2)大学生综合能力评价研究在建立大学生综合能力结构体系的基础上,采用德尔菲方法确定能力指标(基本素质与基本能力、专业能力、创新与实践能力)的权重,通过主成分分析和特征聚类方法建立集成评价方法,来对大学生综合能力进行评测。(3)大学生综合能力培养模式研究本文基于能力培养视角,设计实验教学软件,强调采用实验教学方法来培养大学生综合能力。以财经类高校会计学专业实验教学软件为例,研究了其设计理念、功能模块以及实验流程、功能界面的实现、系统的实施过程,设计了基于能力培养的实验教学软件。利用Probit模型,对基于实验教学软件的大学生综合能力培养模式的绩效进行了评价。本文深入研究了采用虚拟实验方法对大学生综合能力中的创业能力进行培养的问题,并构建了非平衡面板数据,实证分析了虚拟实验对培养大学生创业能力的效果。(4)大学生综合能力培养对策研究针对大学生综合能力结构体系中的各个综合能力指标,提出了大学生的基本素质与基本能力、专业能力、创新与实践能力的培养对策。本文的主要贡献在于:(1)从社会、用人单位和高校及社会评价的角度出发探索新的大学生综合能力结构体系,将高校对大学生综合能力的评价体系与社会评价体系相联系,从一个全新的研究视角构建了大学生综合能力结构体系,打造了以培养大学生综合能力为主要目标的贵州财经大学经济管理系统仿真综合实验课程。该课程于2011年在贵州财经大学开始实施,现参加本课程学生人数已达17000余人,在贵州省高校乃至全国都有较大的影响力。(2)本文在主成分分析法的基础上,结合德尔菲法,采用加权主成分分析法和聚类分析法,提出了大学生综合能力的集成评价方法。(3)本文提出了采用实验教学系统培养大学生的综合能力,开发设计了实验教学系统,并于2012年在贵州财经大学首次实施,同用友新道科技公司进行联合开发进一步整合实验教学系统。此成果在贵州省大学城进行了较好的推广应用,受到同行高校、政府机构、企业等单位的一致好评。在此基础上,利用Probit模型评价了基于实验教学系统培养大学生综合能力的绩效。(4)针对网络调查问卷容易存在缺失数据的问题,本文将最大期望值算法(EM)与朴素贝叶斯算法(NB)进行结合,提出EM-NB算法,运用EM-NB算法处理网络调查的缺失数据。
[Abstract]:With the development of higher education in China, the number and scale of college students are expanding. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education (http://www.moe.gov.cn), there are 6593671 undergraduate graduates and 7213987 students enrolled in general universities in 2014. Among them, 627185 graduates of Finance and economics universities, accounting for 9.51% of the total, 708136 students, accounting for 7,836. The overall proportion is 9.82%. In 2015, the number of graduates will reach 7.49 million, and the number of historical employment and enrollment will reach a new high. The enlargement of college enrollment is conducive to improving the quality of the people. How to improve the quality of college students training has become a theoretical and practical issue of widespread concern in China's Colleges and universities at this stage. It is one of the important ways to improve the quality of undergraduate training to cultivate students'comprehensive abilities. However, since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, according to the survey of undergraduate comprehensive abilities and employment situation by Max, the first professional company of higher education management data and consultation in China, since the 2011 undergraduate graduates Graduates'job satisfaction is only 53%, showing the embarrassing situation that the graduates can not find satisfactory professional posts and the enterprises can not find suitable talents. In this paper, 12 local universities of Finance and economics are selected as an example to evaluate the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in order to cultivate their comprehensive ability. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to make exploratory and innovative research on the mode and other issues. In addition, the comprehensive ability of college students involved in this paper refers to the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in financial and economic institutions. Element theory, from multi-level and multi-angle analysis and Research on the elements of the comprehensive ability index system of College students, combined with the relevant definition of the comprehensive ability of college students and the needs of today's Society for the development of talent training, from the perspective of teachers, students and society to study the comprehensive ability of college students should have, and to consult relevant colleges and universities, enterprises. According to the principle of establishing the index system of comprehensive ability, the comprehensive ability structure system of undergraduate students with 22 secondary ability indexes is constructed. (2) On the basis of establishing the structure system of comprehensive ability of undergraduate students, the Delphi method is adopted to determine the ability. The weights of indicators (basic quality and basic ability, professional ability, innovation and practical ability) are evaluated by the integrated evaluation method based on principal component analysis and feature clustering method. (3) The cultivation model of College Students'comprehensive ability. Based on the perspective of ability cultivation, this paper designs experimental teaching software and emphasizes the use of it. Taking the experimental teaching software of Accounting Specialty in finance and Economics Universities as an example, this paper studies its design concept, function module and experimental flow, the realization of function interface, the implementation process of the system, and designs the experimental teaching software based on ability cultivation. This paper makes an in-depth study of the problem of cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of college students in their comprehensive ability by means of virtual experiment, and constructs unbalanced panel data to empirically analyze the effect of virtual experiment on cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of College students. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Exploring new universities from the perspective of society, employers, universities and social evaluation The structure system of students'comprehensive abilities links the evaluation system of University Students' comprehensive abilities with the social evaluation system, constructs the structure system of College Students'comprehensive abilities from a brand-new research perspective, and builds the simulation comprehensive experimental course of economic management system of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics with the main goal of Cultivating College Students' comprehensive abilities. The course was implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2011, and now more than 17,000 students have participated in the course, which has great influence in Guizhou Province and even in the whole country. (2) Based on the principal component analysis method, combined with Delphi method, the weighted principal component analysis method and cluster analysis method, this paper puts forward the comprehensive ability of College students. (3) An integrated evaluation method is proposed in this paper. (3) The experimental teaching system is used to cultivate the comprehensive ability of College students, and the experimental teaching system is developed and designed. It was first implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2012, and further integrated experimental teaching system was developed jointly with Youxindao Science and Technology Company. The results were compared in Guizhou University Town. On this basis, the performance of cultivating students'comprehensive ability based on experimental teaching system is evaluated by using Probit model. (4) Aiming at the problem of missing data in the network questionnaire, the maximum expectation algorithm (EM) and naive Bayes are proposed in this paper. Combining algorithm (NB), EM-NB algorithm is proposed, and EM-NB algorithm is applied to deal with missing data in network survey.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G642

【参考文献】