现代美国儿童教育福利政策研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 21:37

【摘要】：随着美国反贫困运动、民权运动、种族歧视运动的开展,追求平等受教育的权利成为民众迫切的需求。联邦政府通过加大对儿童教育的资助力度来缓解社会的种族歧视等问题,美国儿童教育福利政策为满足社会需求而得到发展。经过几十年的不断完善,美国儿童教育福利政策发展趋于成熟,取得了显著的成效,对我国儿童教育福利政策发展有很重要的借鉴意义。儿童教育对儿童身心健全发展、对打破贫困代际传递,对国家发展都有很重要的作用。本研究以儿童教育福利政策相关理论为基础,梳理了美国儿童教育福利政策的发展历程,同时通过个案研究对美国儿童教育福利项目的实施状况进行了初探,进而分析了美国儿童教育福利政策的发展趋势。基于对美国儿童教育福利政策的了解和认识,提出对我国相关政策制定和实施的建议。本研究的基本内容如下:导论,从问题缘起出发,指出儿童福利事业在各个国家中占有的地位,美国儿童教育福利政策的发展情况及我国相关政策的发展现状。本研究在大量查阅儿童教育福利政策相关资料基础上,对社会福利、教育福利、儿童教育福利政策等核心概念进行界定,并对中美儿童教育福利政策的历史发展、现状、发展趋势等方面进行综述,为本研究提供借鉴和启示。导论中还明晰了研究方法及研究意义。第一章,美国儿童教育福利政策的理论基础。马歇尔公民权理论要求人们关注儿童的权利,从而促进社会公平,为本研究提供了法学基础;罗尔斯正义论提出补偿教育公平理论,为本研究提供了伦理学基础;木桶理论认为应关注群体中的"短板",其可决定整体水平素质,为教师培训和贫困儿童教育福利政策研究提供了管理学基础;全纳教育思想关注处境不利)儿童与普通儿童的融合,为本研究提供了教育学基础。第二章,现代美国儿童教育福利政策的演变。二战后,美国儿童教育福利政策开始萌芽。随着美国经济的快速发展,儿童教育福利政策不断完善,经历了初步萌芽阶段,快速发展阶段,完善成熟阶段。儿童教育福利政策从最初为了满足国家战略需求的天才教育倾向发展到现在为了让所有儿童平等接受教育的公平教育倾向。第三章,现代美国儿童教育福利政策的实施。美国儿童教育福利政策的实施大部分是通过儿童教育福利项目的实施来实现的。通过对美国儿童教育影响范围最广的教育福利项目——开端计划项目相关工作人员进行访谈,从微观视角来分析美国儿童教育福利政策的实施状况。第四章,现代美国儿童教育福利政策的发展趋势。基于美国儿童教育福利政策历史演变和实施状况,总结出了其发展趋势:政府在儿童教育福利政策发展中占据主导地位;旨在保障儿童的受教育权利,促进教育公平;强调家长参与儿童教育的权利;评估是政策实施质量的重要保障手段。第五章,现代美国儿童教育福利政策对我国的启示。对我国相关政策现状认识的基础上,提出美国儿童教育福利政策对我国的启示:针对儿童教育福利专门立法;政策实施加强与第三方组织的合作;政策制定优先保障处境不利儿童的教育福利;建立政策评估体系;重视家长参与儿童教育活动。
[Abstract]:With the development of anti-poverty movement, civil rights movement and racial discrimination movement in the United States, the pursuit of equal access to education has become an urgent need of the people. In the past ten years, the development of American children's education welfare policy has become mature and achieved remarkable results, which is of great significance to the development of China's children's education welfare policy. On the basis of relevant theories of interest policy, this paper combs the development course of American children's education welfare policy, probes into the implementation of American children's education welfare program through case study, and then analyzes the development trend of American children's education welfare policy. The basic contents of this study are as follows: Introduction, starting from the origin of the problem, points out the status of children's welfare in various countries, the development of children's education welfare policy in the United States and the development of relevant policies in China. On the basis of relevant data, this paper defines the core concepts of social welfare, educational welfare, and child education welfare policy, and summarizes the historical development, current situation and development trend of China and the United States'child education welfare policy, providing reference and Enlightenment for this study. Marshall's theory of citizenship requires people to pay attention to children's rights and promote social fairness, which provides a legal basis for this study; Rawls'theory of justice puts forward the theory of compensatory education fairness, which provides an ethical basis for this study; cask theory holds that attention should be paid to the "short board" in groups, which can be decided. The overall level of quality provides a management basis for teacher training and the study of educational welfare policies for poor children; inclusive education focuses on disadvantaged children) and the integration of ordinary children, providing a pedagogical basis for this study. Chapter 2: Evolution of modern American child education welfare policy. American child education welfare policy after World War II With the rapid development of American economy, the policy of children's education and welfare has been perfected continuously. It has gone through the initial stage, the rapid development stage and the mature stage. Chapter Three, the implementation of the modern American child education welfare policy. The implementation of the American child education welfare policy is mostly achieved through the implementation of child education welfare programs. The fourth chapter is the development trend of modern American children's education welfare policy. Based on the historical evolution and implementation of American children's education welfare policy, this paper summarizes its development trend: the government plays a dominant role in the development of children's education welfare policy; it aims to protect children. The fifth chapter is the Enlightenment of the modern American child education welfare policy to our country. On the basis of the understanding of the current situation of our country's relevant policies, this paper puts forward the Enlightenment of the American child education welfare policy to our country: Special legislation on children's education and welfare; policy implementation to strengthen cooperation with third-party organizations; policy formulation to give priority to the protection of education and welfare of disadvantaged children; the establishment of a policy evaluation system; and the importance of parents'participation in children's education activities.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G571.2

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