法律传播中的“知沟”现象研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 07:01

【摘要】：作为一种客观存在,法律传播中的“知沟”现象是指在法律传播中,不同的受众之间、或者传播者与受众之间,基于对法律知识掌握程度的不同所形成的一种“知识鸿沟”。法律如何运行、在运行中会产生何种效应,以及如何应对这些效应,传播学中的“知沟”理论为更好地研究这一问题提供了新的视角。在法律文本、法律实践、法律效果中均存在着大量的法律“知沟”现象。通过对这些现象的梳理,我们可以发现,法律“知沟”现象存在着正负两个方面的影响。法律传播中“知沟”现象的形成主要包括三个方面的原因。社会分层的驱使、个体选择的兴趣和动机的需要、以及法律语言特性的制约。从其对法律“知沟”现象形成的影响来看,社会分层的驱使是主要原因,对法律“知沟”现象的形成起着至关重要的作用,是内因；而个体选择的兴趣和动机、以及法律语言对法律“知沟”现象的形成,虽然,也存在一定的影响,但其是外因。法律传播中的“知沟”现象在形成之后会产生两种不同的效应：正效应和负效应。正效应包括三个方面,即强化国家权力的分配、促进法律职业共同体的建构、推进法律传播的转型。正效应对法治国家的建构起着积极的推动作用；负效应也包括三个方面,即造成法律信任危机、带来法律互动的阻隔、以及造成法律强者的“自我拔高”与法律弱者的“自我矮化”,负效应对法治国家的建构起着消极的阻碍作用。对于法律传播中“知沟”现象所产生的正效应,我们可以通过加快推进法律职业化建设、倡导法律尊重人的传播观,来进一步增强,并尽可能地不断发挥其积极功效。而对于法律传播中“知沟”现象所产生的负效应,我们应当采取行之有效的方法进行消减。具体应对方法包括三种：对弱者的法律援助、健全和完善法律信息公开制度、强化法律语言传播的易读性。通过科学有效的路径,来重塑法律信任、恢复法律互动,在不断缩小法律“知沟”的同时,促进法治国家的建构。
[Abstract]:As an objective existence, the phenomenon of "knowledge gap" in legal communication refers to a "knowledge gap" formed between different audiences in legal communication, or between communicators and audiences, based on the different degree of mastery of legal knowledge. How the law works, what kind of effect will be produced in the operation, and how to deal with these effects, the theory of "knowing gap" in communication provides a new angle of view to study this problem better. In the legal texts, legal practice and legal effects, there is a large number of legal "know gap" phenomenon. Through combing these phenomena, we can find that there are positive and negative effects on the phenomenon of "knowing gap" in law. The formation of "knowledge gap" in legal communication mainly includes three reasons. The social stratification drives, the individual choice interest and the motive need, as well as the legal language characteristic restriction. From its influence on the formation of legal "knowing gap", the driving of social stratification is the main reason, which plays a vital role in the formation of legal "know gap" phenomenon and is the internal cause. The interest and motivation of individual choice, as well as the formation of legal language to the phenomenon of "knowing the gap", have some influence, but they are the external cause. The phenomenon of "knowing gap" in legal communication will produce two different effects: positive effect and negative effect. The positive effect includes three aspects: strengthening the distribution of state power, promoting the construction of legal professional community and promoting the transformation of law dissemination. The positive effect plays a positive role in the construction of a country ruled by law; The negative effect also includes three aspects, namely, the crisis of legal trust, the barrier of legal interaction, and the "self-elevation" of the legal strong and the "self-dwarfing" of the weak. The negative effect has a negative effect on the construction of a country ruled by law. As to the positive effect of the phenomenon of "knowing the gap" in legal communication, we can further strengthen it by speeding up the construction of legal professionalization and advocating the view of law to respect people, and exert its positive effect as far as possible. However, we should take effective measures to reduce the negative effects of the phenomenon of "knowing the gap" in the dissemination of law. There are three ways to deal with this problem: legal aid for the weak, perfect and perfect the open system of legal information, and strengthen the readability of legal language dissemination. Through the scientific and effective way to rebuild the legal trust, restore the legal interaction, while constantly narrowing the legal "gap", promote the construction of a country ruled by law.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D90
，

本文编号：2307046