我国应用技术型大学质量保障研究
发布时间：2019-05-22 04:10
【摘要】：在我国经济社会发展的“新常态”下,培养适应社会发展需要的应用技术型人才成为当前深化教育领域综合改革、推进高等教育结构调整的主要目标。建设应用技术型大学已成为当前高等教育改革领域里的一个热门话题。本文在厘清建构应用技术型大学质量保障的基本理论的基础上,运用混合研究法,对六所“应用技术大学(学院)联盟”学校进行了实证研究,基于对现实问题的把握,分别从应用技术型大学的教学质量保障、科研质量保障和社会服务质量保障三个视角切入,建构应用技术型大学的质量保障体系,并探讨了以质量为导向的应用技术型大学的质量评价体系,在此基础上进一步探明了应用技术型大学质量保障体系的运行机制和完善策略。我国“应用技术型大学”的概念虽然是在借鉴国外应用技术大学建设经验的基础上提出来的,但具有中国特色。在办学方面,应用技术型大学要适应国家产业结构,实行产教融合、校企合作办学；在办学方向上,要以强化技术技能积累与创新为突破口；在办学目标上,要以发展现代职业教育为走向；在人才培养方面,要着力提高人才培养质量。应用技术型大学的质量标准是由人才质量标准、专业质量标准、教学质量标准、科研质量标准和社会服务质量标准等构成的标准体系。质量标准的制定需要以国家政策、域外经验和学校现实为依据,在突出应用型特征的基础上,坚持多样性与基础性的统一、稳定性与发展性的结合、定性与定量的统一、科学性与操作性的结合。我国应用技术型大学质量保障的现实问题突出表现在以下几个方面：在教学质量保障方面,存在着教学质量标准单一、教学计划制定随意、实践教学实效不足和教学质量监控不够等问题；在科研质量保障上,问题集中表现在科研理念相对落后、科研资助力度不够和科研管理机制不健全等方面；在社会服务质量保障方面,存在着社会服务质量观念淡薄、社会服务管理机制缺位及人才培养与市场脱节等问题。因此,我国应用技术型大学质量保障体系的建设需要在关照现实问题的基础上进行整体建构：在教学质量保障体系建设上,需要从加强课程与教材体系建设、构建实践教学新体系和加强教学基地建设入手；在科研质量保障体系的建设上,需要从加大科研经费的投入、构建科研资助体系和建立完善的科研管理新制度着手；在社会服务保障体系的建设上,应当从完善社会服务组织机构、加强社会服务能力建设和加强社会服务制度建设三方面入手。以质量为导向的应用技术型大学质量保障体系的评价要坚持定性与定量评价相结合的原则、强化分类评价、坚持评价指标的多元理念、重视评价指标间的差异。这一评价体系具有评价方法的创新性、评价标准的科学性、运用范围的广泛性等基本特征。应用技术型大学教学质量保障体系的评价内容包括课程建设评价、实践教学评价、课堂教学评价等；科研质量保障体系的评价内容包括科研经费投入评价、科研管理机制评价和科研成果评价；社会服务质量保障体系的评价内容包括咨询与技术服务质量评价、人才培养与培训质量评价、文化与资源服务评价和教师社会服务能力评价。应用技术型大学教学质量保障体系的运行机制主要包括教学质量管理的决策机制、行之有效的教学质量监督机制和以学生为本的教学质量激励机制；科研质量保障体系的运行机制包括科研经费的管理机制、科研水平的提升机制和科研制度的优化机制；社会服务质量保障体系的运行机制包括社会服务的导向与动力机制、管理与激励机制、人才培养与培训的监控机制和社会服务队伍的提升机制。应用技术型大学质量保障体系的完善需要在加强顶层设计的基础上,强化应用技术型大学质量保障体系的特色。一方面,需要学校统一组织协调整个战略改革：面向未来,加强质量保障的目标设计；提升效率,优化质量保障的组织设计；全程监控,完善质量保障的过程设计；注重规范,改进质量保障的制度设计；营造氛围,提升质量保障的文化设计。另一方面,注重强化自身质量保障体系的特色,凸显质量保障的科学性与发展性,兼顾质量保障的标准化与特色化,正确认识全面保障与突出重点的关系,恰当处理应用研究与人才培养的关系,合理协调内部保障与外部评估的关系。
[Abstract]:Under the "new normal" of the economic and social development of our country, it is the main goal to promote the comprehensive reform in the field of education and to promote the structural adjustment of higher education. The construction of the technology-based universities has become a hot topic in the current reform of higher education. On the basis of clarifying the basic theory of construction and application of the quality guarantee of the university, this paper makes an empirical study on the six "Applied Technology University (College) Alliance" schools based on the mixed research method, and based on the grasp of the real problem, the teaching quality of the applied technology type university is guaranteed. The quality assurance system of the application technology type university is constructed and the quality evaluation system of the application technology type university with quality orientation is discussed. On this basis, the operational mechanism and the perfect strategy of the quality assurance system of the application technology type university are further proved. Although the concept of Chinese "Applied Technology University" is based on the experience of foreign application technology university, it has Chinese characteristics. in that aspect of running a school, the application of the technology-type university should adapt to the national industrial structure, carry out the integration of the production and education and the cooperation of the school and the enterprise; in the direction of running the school, the breakthrough of the accumulation and innovation of the technical skills should be strengthened; In the aspect of personnel training, we should focus on improving the quality of personnel training. The quality standard of the application technology type university is a standard system, which is composed of the quality standard of the personnel, the professional quality standard, the teaching quality standard, the scientific research quality standard and the social service quality standard. The formulation of the quality standard needs to be based on the national policy, the outside experience and the school reality, on the basis of the outstanding application features, the combination of diversity and basic unity, stability and development, the combination of stability and development, the combination of qualitative and quantitative, scientific and operational nature. The practical problems of the quality guarantee of the application of the technology-type university in our country are in the following aspects: in the aspect of the guarantee of teaching quality, there are problems such as the single standard of teaching quality, the establishment of the teaching plan, the lack of practical teaching effect and the insufficient monitoring of the teaching quality; in that guarantee of the quality of the scientific research, the problem is concentrated on the aspects of relatively backward scientific research idea, insufficient scientific research and financial support, and unsound scientific research management mechanism; in the aspect of social service quality guarantee, there is a light and thin social service quality concept, The lack of the management mechanism of social services and the disjunction between the personnel training and the market. Therefore, the construction of the quality assurance system of the application of the technology type of China needs to be constructed on the basis of the attention to the reality: in the construction of the teaching quality assurance system, it is necessary to start with the construction of the strengthening course and the teaching material system, the construction of the new system of practice teaching and the construction of the teaching base; In the construction of the scientific research quality assurance system, it is necessary to proceed from the investment of the scientific research funds, the construction of the scientific research support system and the establishment of a new system of scientific research and management. In the construction of the social service guarantee system, the organization of the social service organization should be improved. To strengthen the capacity-building of social services and strengthen the construction of social service system. The quality-oriented application technology type university quality assurance system should adhere to the principle of combining the qualitative and quantitative evaluation, strengthen the classification evaluation, adhere to the multi-concept of the evaluation index, and attach importance to the difference between the evaluation indexes. The evaluation system has the basic characteristics of the innovation of the evaluation method, the scientific nature of the evaluation standard, the wide application range and the like. The evaluation contents of the teaching quality assurance system of the application technology type university include the course construction evaluation, the practice teaching evaluation, the classroom teaching evaluation and the like; the evaluation contents of the scientific research quality assurance system include the investment evaluation of the scientific research funds, the evaluation of the scientific research management mechanism and the evaluation of the scientific research results; The evaluation contents of the social service quality assurance system include the consultation and technical service quality evaluation, the training and training quality evaluation, the culture and resource service evaluation and the evaluation of the teacher's social service ability. The operating mechanism of the teaching quality assurance system of the application technology type university mainly includes the decision-making mechanism of the teaching quality management, the effective teaching quality supervision mechanism and the student-oriented teaching quality incentive mechanism, the operating mechanism of the scientific research quality assurance system includes the management mechanism of the scientific research funds, The mechanism of the improvement of the scientific research level and the optimization mechanism of the scientific research system; the operational mechanism of the social service quality assurance system includes the guiding and dynamic mechanism of the social service, the management and incentive mechanism, the monitoring mechanism of the personnel training and training and the lifting mechanism of the social service team. The improvement of the quality assurance system of the applied technology type university needs to strengthen the characteristics of the quality assurance system of the technology-based university on the basis of strengthening the top-level design. On the one hand, it is necessary for the school to coordinate and coordinate the whole strategic reform: the goal design of the future and the strengthening of the quality guarantee; the organization design for improving the efficiency and optimizing the quality guarantee; the process design of the whole process monitoring and the improvement of the quality guarantee; and the system design which focuses on the specification and improves the quality guarantee; Create an atmosphere to improve the cultural design of quality assurance. On the other hand, focus on strengthening the characteristics of the self-quality assurance system, highlighting the scientific and developmental nature of the quality guarantee, taking into account the standardization and characteristic of the quality guarantee, correctly understanding the relationship between the comprehensive guarantee and the outstanding focus, and properly processing the relationship between the application research and the personnel training, The relationship between internal assurance and external evaluation should be reasonably coordinated.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.2
，
本文编号：2482666
[Abstract]:Under the "new normal" of the economic and social development of our country, it is the main goal to promote the comprehensive reform in the field of education and to promote the structural adjustment of higher education. The construction of the technology-based universities has become a hot topic in the current reform of higher education. On the basis of clarifying the basic theory of construction and application of the quality guarantee of the university, this paper makes an empirical study on the six "Applied Technology University (College) Alliance" schools based on the mixed research method, and based on the grasp of the real problem, the teaching quality of the applied technology type university is guaranteed. The quality assurance system of the application technology type university is constructed and the quality evaluation system of the application technology type university with quality orientation is discussed. On this basis, the operational mechanism and the perfect strategy of the quality assurance system of the application technology type university are further proved. Although the concept of Chinese "Applied Technology University" is based on the experience of foreign application technology university, it has Chinese characteristics. in that aspect of running a school, the application of the technology-type university should adapt to the national industrial structure, carry out the integration of the production and education and the cooperation of the school and the enterprise; in the direction of running the school, the breakthrough of the accumulation and innovation of the technical skills should be strengthened; In the aspect of personnel training, we should focus on improving the quality of personnel training. The quality standard of the application technology type university is a standard system, which is composed of the quality standard of the personnel, the professional quality standard, the teaching quality standard, the scientific research quality standard and the social service quality standard. The formulation of the quality standard needs to be based on the national policy, the outside experience and the school reality, on the basis of the outstanding application features, the combination of diversity and basic unity, stability and development, the combination of stability and development, the combination of qualitative and quantitative, scientific and operational nature. The practical problems of the quality guarantee of the application of the technology-type university in our country are in the following aspects: in the aspect of the guarantee of teaching quality, there are problems such as the single standard of teaching quality, the establishment of the teaching plan, the lack of practical teaching effect and the insufficient monitoring of the teaching quality; in that guarantee of the quality of the scientific research, the problem is concentrated on the aspects of relatively backward scientific research idea, insufficient scientific research and financial support, and unsound scientific research management mechanism; in the aspect of social service quality guarantee, there is a light and thin social service quality concept, The lack of the management mechanism of social services and the disjunction between the personnel training and the market. Therefore, the construction of the quality assurance system of the application of the technology type of China needs to be constructed on the basis of the attention to the reality: in the construction of the teaching quality assurance system, it is necessary to start with the construction of the strengthening course and the teaching material system, the construction of the new system of practice teaching and the construction of the teaching base; In the construction of the scientific research quality assurance system, it is necessary to proceed from the investment of the scientific research funds, the construction of the scientific research support system and the establishment of a new system of scientific research and management. In the construction of the social service guarantee system, the organization of the social service organization should be improved. To strengthen the capacity-building of social services and strengthen the construction of social service system. The quality-oriented application technology type university quality assurance system should adhere to the principle of combining the qualitative and quantitative evaluation, strengthen the classification evaluation, adhere to the multi-concept of the evaluation index, and attach importance to the difference between the evaluation indexes. The evaluation system has the basic characteristics of the innovation of the evaluation method, the scientific nature of the evaluation standard, the wide application range and the like. The evaluation contents of the teaching quality assurance system of the application technology type university include the course construction evaluation, the practice teaching evaluation, the classroom teaching evaluation and the like; the evaluation contents of the scientific research quality assurance system include the investment evaluation of the scientific research funds, the evaluation of the scientific research management mechanism and the evaluation of the scientific research results; The evaluation contents of the social service quality assurance system include the consultation and technical service quality evaluation, the training and training quality evaluation, the culture and resource service evaluation and the evaluation of the teacher's social service ability. The operating mechanism of the teaching quality assurance system of the application technology type university mainly includes the decision-making mechanism of the teaching quality management, the effective teaching quality supervision mechanism and the student-oriented teaching quality incentive mechanism, the operating mechanism of the scientific research quality assurance system includes the management mechanism of the scientific research funds, The mechanism of the improvement of the scientific research level and the optimization mechanism of the scientific research system; the operational mechanism of the social service quality assurance system includes the guiding and dynamic mechanism of the social service, the management and incentive mechanism, the monitoring mechanism of the personnel training and training and the lifting mechanism of the social service team. The improvement of the quality assurance system of the applied technology type university needs to strengthen the characteristics of the quality assurance system of the technology-based university on the basis of strengthening the top-level design. On the one hand, it is necessary for the school to coordinate and coordinate the whole strategic reform: the goal design of the future and the strengthening of the quality guarantee; the organization design for improving the efficiency and optimizing the quality guarantee; the process design of the whole process monitoring and the improvement of the quality guarantee; and the system design which focuses on the specification and improves the quality guarantee; Create an atmosphere to improve the cultural design of quality assurance. On the other hand, focus on strengthening the characteristics of the self-quality assurance system, highlighting the scientific and developmental nature of the quality guarantee, taking into account the standardization and characteristic of the quality guarantee, correctly understanding the relationship between the comprehensive guarantee and the outstanding focus, and properly processing the relationship between the application research and the personnel training, The relationship between internal assurance and external evaluation should be reasonably coordinated.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.2
，
本文编号：2482666
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