基于雷达与AIS信息质量的融合算法的研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 05:06

本文关键词：基于雷达与AIS信息质量的融合算法的研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：AIS作为一种助航系统,在有差分处理功能时定位精度高,并且通信手段可靠,因此在改善船舶航行安全方面发挥着巨大作用,但它只能接收船舶上装有AIS并且设备处于正常工作状态的船舶信息。而雷达虽然测量精度不高、在障碍物遮挡时探测能力受限,但对船舶周围的航行环境具有自主的、比较全面的监测能力,其功能仍是无法被替代的。考虑到AIS和雷达具有各自的优缺点,并且能够优势互补。因此,将AIS与雷达航迹信息进行融合处理具有很高的应用价值。本文首先分析了雷达和AIS目标信息的特点以及两者进行信息融合的必要性,并详细研究了表征雷达和AIS航迹信息质量的因素。从而为下一步充分利用雷达和AIS的信息特点来实现高效、准确的航迹融合提供了理论基础。其次对雷达与AIS航迹信息预处理中的时间对准方法进行了详细研究,并通过matlab仿真实验对几种常用插值算法的适用情况及各自的优缺点进行了分析。在此基础上本文提出了距离-速度航迹段关联算法并对算法的实用性与有效性进行了验证。对于已经确定关联的目标在充分考虑了影响雷达和AIS跟踪精度和可靠性因素的前提下,确定了自适应加权融合算法的最优加权因子,提出了基于最小均方误差准则下的自适应加权融合算法,并利用matlab仿真验证了该融合算法的有效性。最后在VS 2010的开发环境下,利用C#编程语言建立了雷达与AIS目标信息融合系统,主要包括对数据库中存储的大量雷达与AIS数据的预处理、航迹关联和航迹的融合等三大模块。最终使雷达与AIS对运动目标的跟踪轨迹在所建立的直角坐标系下显示,并将确定关联的雷达和AIS目标绘制融合符号。
[Abstract]:As a navigational aid system, AIS has high positioning accuracy and reliable communication means when it has differential processing function, so it plays a great role in improving ship navigation safety. However, it can only receive ship information equipped with AIS and equipment in normal working condition. Although radar has low measurement accuracy and limited detection ability when obstructing obstacles, it has independent and comprehensive monitoring ability for the surrounding environment of ships, and its function is still not able to be replaced. It is considered that AIS and radar have their own advantages and disadvantages and can be complementary to each other. Therefore, the fusion of AIS and radar track information is of high application value. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of radar and AIS target information and the necessity of information fusion between them, and studies the factors that represent the quality of radar and AIS track information in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for the next step to make full use of the information characteristics of radar and AIS to achieve efficient and accurate track fusion. Secondly, the time alignment method in radar and AIS track information preprocessing is studied in detail, and the applicability and advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used interpolation algorithms are analyzed through MATLAB simulation experiments. On this basis, a distance velocity track segment association algorithm is proposed and the practicability and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified. To have identified targets in full consideration of the premise factors of radar and AIS tracking accuracy and reliability, determine the optimal weighted factor adaptive weighted fusion algorithm, proposed an adaptive weighted least mean square error criterion fusion algorithm based on MATLAB, and use simulation to verify the validity of the fusion algorithm. Finally, in the development environment of VS 2010, we use C# programming language to establish radar and AIS target information fusion system, which mainly includes three modules, which are large amounts of radar and AIS data stored in database, track association and track fusion. Finally, the tracking trajectory of radar and AIS for moving targets is displayed in the rectangular coordinate system, and the associated radar and AIS targets are plotted to draw fusion symbols.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN95;U675.7

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