基于3D传感器的扫描仪研制

发布时间：2018-01-03 13:46

本文关键词：基于3D传感器的扫描仪研制　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物体表面轮廓的三维测量技术是近年来才发展起来的一种新型技术,用于获取被测物体的空间表面轮廓的三维点云数据,依据采集到的物体表面点云数据,可以对待测对象进行几何检测或进行三维逆向建模,具有快速、准确、高效的优点。3D传感器是以结构光三维测量技术为基础研制出的新型测量传感器,能无接触的对物体的表面轮廓进行三维测量,测量过程中也不会对物体的表面结构造成破坏,但该传感器一次测量只能获得被测物表面一条线上的三维点,不能直接实现待测对象全局的表面轮廓扫描测量。本研究课题以3D传感器为基本测量器件,将待测物固定在精密平移轨道上,采用丝杠及步进电机驱动待测物平移,从而实现对待测对象全局的表面轮廓扫描测量,构建了一套三维扫描仪。该设备可应用于工件几何检测、外形修复,能够快速并高精度的完成扫描,获得工件完整的全角度的表面形貌特征。本课题主要研究内容如下:1.设计了系统的总体结构,基于线结构光3D传感器建立了全局三维激光扫描仪的测量模型。2.研究了系统的标定方法,设计了相应的基准尺作为标定靶标,通过扫描仪采集基准尺的一组图像实现智能传感器与平移导轨关系的标定,同时能将两个3D传感器标定在统一坐标系下,标定过程简单、有效。3.编制开发了全局三维扫描数据采集软件。4.对标定后的系统测量精度进行了验证,并进行实际的扫描测量实验,系统的测量精度可达0.03~0.13mm(视被测对象大小)。
[Abstract]:The 3D measurement technology of object surface contour is a new technology developed in recent years, which is used to obtain 3D point cloud data of the measured object's spatial surface contour, according to the collected object surface point cloud data. 3D sensor is a new kind of measurement sensor based on structured light 3D measurement technology, which can be used for geometric detection or 3D reverse modeling. It has the advantages of fast, accurate and efficient. The surface profile of the object can be measured without contact, and the surface structure of the object will not be damaged in the measurement process. However, the sensor can only obtain three dimensional points on a line of the object surface by one measurement at a time. It is not possible to directly realize the global surface profile scanning measurement of the object under test. In this research, 3D sensor is used as the basic measuring device, and the object is fixed on the precise translation track. By using the lead screw and step motor to drive the object to be measured, a set of 3D scanner is constructed, which can be used to detect and repair the geometry of the workpiece. The scanning can be completed quickly and accurately to obtain the complete surface topography of the workpiece at all angles. The main contents of this research are as follows: 1. The overall structure of the system is designed. Based on the linear structured light 3D sensor, the measurement model of global 3D laser scanner is established. The calibration method of the system is studied, and the corresponding reference ruler is designed as the calibration target. The calibration of the relationship between the intelligent sensor and the translation guide rail can be realized by a set of images collected by the scanner. At the same time, the two 3D sensors can be calibrated in a unified coordinate system, and the calibration process is simple. Effective .3.The global 3D scanning data acquisition software .4. the accuracy of the calibrated system is verified, and the actual scanning measurement experiment is carried out. The measuring accuracy of the system can reach 0.03 ~ 0.13mm (depending on the object size).
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP334.22

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