影响明朝灭亡的军事因素探究

发布时间：2018-01-10 13:24

本文关键词：影响明朝灭亡的军事因素探究　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：军事,乃国政之本,是维护和稳定国家统治秩序的基础。明王朝庞大复杂的军事体系,在长时间地运行和转变之后,积累了愈来愈多的顽疾,成为影响明王朝灭亡的核心因素。从明朝中期开始,较为完善的军事体系在国家内外交困的环境下愈来愈显得弊端重重。面对王朝盛极而衰的循环,明王朝做了巨大的调整来抵抗前所未有的大变局,但体系愈是庞大全面,所面临的问题就愈复杂,每个小制度的调整都会牵一发而动全身,一旦处理不当,就会将缺点无限放大,伤及全身。分析明代军事体系自身的弊端,可以从中看出一个王朝从发展到衰亡的基本形态和变化趋势,可以折射出旧体制面临新事物时的对接与差异,继承与移植的成效及问题。故本文旨在通过探究影响明朝灭亡的重大军事因素,深层次地考察国家围绕军事衰败进行的改革,具有较好借鉴意义和学术价值。全文分为五个部分,主要从明代军制的变化、军事建设特点和军事思想建设的转变、新技术的应用失当与明末重大战役的处理等方面来展开,具体分析其对明朝灭亡的深刻影响。明代军制的变化以兵役制度的演变、军队组织编制的演变、军队领导体制的演变、军饷供应主体的转变四个方面为中心阐述军制变化对国家军事衰败的重大影响;明代军事建设特点和军事思想分为两个部分,分别论述明代军事布防、统领、补给等特点和明人战争观、儒家思想为指导的军事思想、选将、选兵的原则、新式技术的应用等方面,通过分析其各自的弊端,得出军事建设特点与军事思想对国家灭亡的重大影响。最后以万历年间开始的明末重大战役:万历三大征(东征朝鲜、西征宁夏、南征播州)、明金战争、明末农民战争为代表,挖掘明朝政府在重大战役上的用人、协调、指挥等方面的处理,对明末国家走势的影响。
[Abstract]:Military affairs is the foundation of national politics and the foundation of maintaining and stabilizing the ruling order of the state. After a long period of operation and transformation of the military system of the Ming Dynasty, more and more stubborn diseases were accumulated. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the relatively perfect military system has become more and more malpractice in the difficult environment of the country's internal and diplomatic affairs, facing the cycle of the dynasty's prosperity and decline. The Ming Dynasty made great adjustments to resist the unprecedented great changes, but the more comprehensive the system, the more complex the problems, and the adjustment of each small system would lead to the whole body, once handled improperly. By analyzing the shortcomings of the Ming military system itself, we can see the basic form and changing trend of a dynasty from development to decline. It can reflect the docking and difference when the old system is facing new things, the effect and problems of inheritance and transplantation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the major military factors affecting the demise of the Ming Dynasty. It is of great significance and academic value to make a deep investigation of the reform of the country around the military decline. The full text is divided into five parts, mainly from the changes of the military system in Ming Dynasty. The characteristics of military construction and the transformation of military thought construction, the misapplication of new technology and the handling of major battles in the late Ming Dynasty were carried out. The changes of military system in Ming Dynasty include the evolution of military service system, the evolution of military organization and the evolution of military leadership system. The change of the main body of pay supply is the center of the paper, which explains the great influence of the change of the military system on the national military decline. The characteristics of military construction and military thought in Ming Dynasty are divided into two parts, which respectively discuss the characteristics of military deployment, command and supply in Ming Dynasty, and the military ideology guided by Confucianism, the selection of generals and the principle of selecting soldiers. The application of new technology and other aspects, through the analysis of their respective shortcomings. Finally, in the end of the Wanli period, the three major battles of Ming Dynasty: the east march of Korea, the west of Ningxia, the south of Xizhou, the Ming and Jin wars. The peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty represented the influence on the trend of the state in the late Ming Dynasty by excavating the handling of personnel, coordination, command and other aspects of the Ming government in the major campaigns.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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