唐五代河北地方社会的变迁与新兴文士阶层的兴起

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:19

本文关键词：唐五代河北地方社会的变迁与新兴文士阶层的兴起　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：五代宋初,河北地域出身的文武官僚崛起,在北方中央政权中形成了为学界称为"河北优势"的特殊现象。本文旨在探求"河北优势"形成的社会根源,由此考察了唐玄宗朝到五代这两百余年间河北地方人群的变动与社会变迁,并对作为"河北优势"主体的新兴文士阶层的兴起历程进行了研究。开元天宝年间,因羁縻州的设置、东北少数族的内徙定居,河北北部地方社会胡化日益加深。少数族逐渐融入当地基层社会,并改变了当地人群构成状况。在胡化语境之外,因地方士族的普遍"中央化",造成河北地方精英人群结构的变动,地方州县官、因宦寓居的士族、土著类地方精英在宗教等基层社会活动中起到了主导性的作用,这反映了后"中央化"时代,河北地方社会精英人群的构成与社会秩序状况。在这一社会变迁中,河北本土新兴文士崭露头角,以高尚、严庄等为代表的新兴文士在安禄山起兵叛乱和政权建设中起到了至关重要的作用。安史之乱后,河北进入藩镇割据时代。藩镇体制给地方新兴文士阶层提供了仕宦孔道和成长空间。河北藩镇奉行"河朔故事"的地域主义政治文化传统,导致了河北文士任官本土化的倾向,又由河北尚武文化的浸染,本土文士具备了允文允武的个人素质,并在仕宦上呈现出文武合一的特征。河北文士因任官本地而能够在仕进和地方利益的经营上相辅相成,从而形成了植根于地方社会的土著化势力。同时因出仕所在藩镇的下级幕职官以及管内州县低级摄官,河北新兴文士具备了精于吏干的政治素质。长庆元年(821)以降,河朔复叛,河北藩镇独立性增强,外来士人更为不足,这使得处于藩镇政权下级的地方新兴文士能够突破藩府下级、上级幕职官之间"天然"的身份"藩篱",成功进身藩镇高层,这预示着河北新兴文士阶层的兴起。唐末五代初期,河北成为李克用、朱全忠两大军事集团争夺的焦点。晋唐政权在经略河北的进程中,有效吸纳了河北地方文士,并予以重用。随着梁唐易代的完成,河北地方文士从地方政权进入了北方中央政权,形成了后唐以降官僚群体中的"河北优势"。"河北优势"局面的形成与唐末河北藩镇相对稳定、安全的政治环境不无关系,而作为"河北优势"主体的河北新兴文士在河北藩镇之下长期积累并形成的精于吏干、允文允武的实干型政治素质,是他们在军事化的五代政权中取得仕宦成功并形成"河北优势"的重要原因。综而观之,从开元天宝年间到五代初期,伴随着河北政治环境的变化,河北地方社会也悄然发生了变迁,河北本土新兴文士阶层势力不断成长,从下级升至高层,又从"地方"走向"中央",他们在唐宋之际社会变迁以及政治精英身份转型的进程中,不无先行者的意味。
[Abstract]:Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, Hebei region was the rise of civil and military officials in the north, the central government formed a special phenomenon of scholars known as the "Hebei advantage". This paper aims to explore the social roots of "advantages of Hebei formation, which examines the emperor to change the five generation of the two hundred years between Hebei local people and social change and the scribes, emerging class as" Hebei advantage "subject of the rise process were studied. The Kaiyuan Tianbao, by Jimi setting, settled the minority migration in Northeast, north of Hebei local society increasingly. Hu minority gradually integrate into the local society, and changed the constitution. In the local population besides Hu context, because the local gentry is" central ", caused by the Hebei local elite population structure changes, the local magistrate, because the official live local nobles, indigenous elites in religious and other basic social activities The move has played a leading role, which reflects the "central" era, and a social order situation of Hebei local social elite population. In this social change, Hebei emerging local scribes emerged, with a noble, emerging scholar Yan Zhuang represented plays a crucial role in the security Lu Shan led a rebellion and regime construction. After an Lushan Rebellion, Hebei entered the military governorship era. Local system provides the official channels and growth space to local emerging class. Hebei adhere to the "local scribes the story" regionalism political culture tradition, leads to the tendency of Hebei local officials and scholars, by the Hebei martial culture local scribes have disseminated, versed in literary and military arts personal qualities, and showed a characteristic in the military official. Hebei officials and local scribes because in official and local interests the operation of auxiliary Together, which is rooted in the local society of indigenous forces. At the same time due to the official military official and subordinate curtain tube county junior photo officer, Hebei officials have expertise in emerging scholars doing political quality. Changqing first year (821) in the Hebei Province, the complex revolt, enhance the independence of foreign scholars. Even less, which was in the lower place new regime to break through the imperial scribe junior, between the "superior natural scene official" identity "fence", successful on the local level, which indicates that the rise of Hebei emerging the scribe class. The late Tang and Five Dynasties period, Hebei became the focus of Zhu Quanzhong Li Keyong, the two major military for the group. The Jin Tang regime in the process of controlling Hebei, effectively absorb the Hebei local scribes, and be reused. With the easy generation of Liang Tang, Hebei local scholars entered the north central power from the local government, the formation of The later Tang Dynasty to the bureaucratic group in the "Hebei" advantage. "Forming advantages of Hebei and Hebei at the end of the Tang Dynasty situation relatively stable political environment, security relations, and as" Hebei advantage "the main body of the Hebei in Hebei Province under the new law and the formation of long-term accumulation in the official dry, hands-on political quality is versed in literary and military arts that is the five generation of their military regime made official successful and important reason for the formation of" Hebei ". The concept of comprehensive, from the beginning to the five generation Kaiyuan Tianbao, accompanied by changes in the political situation in Hebei, the local community in Hebei is also quietly changing, Hebei local emerging forces continue to grow the scribe class, from lower to rise to the top, and from the" local "to the" central ", they are in the Tang and Song Dynasties changes of society and political elite identity transformation process, is the forerunner of the meaning.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K242

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