吴稚晖与现代语文运动的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 11:38

本文关键词： 吴稚晖 “万国新语” 语言文字无政府主义激进主义　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：吴稚晖是现代著名的语文运动家,在中国语文现代化探索的道路上,他留下特殊的足迹、做出了独特的贡献。清代末年,他以《新世纪》报为主要阵地,以无政府主义、科学主义、进化主义为思想基础,先后提出了万国新语、切音简字、注音字母等改革策略,并在现代语文教育方面做出了重大贡献。在五四时期,他继续坚持现代语文改革,对新文化运动(特别是白话文运动)产生了一定影响,成为新文化运动的重要思想资源,钱玄同、胡适等人的废除汉字思维和白话文改良思路,无一不打上吴氏深深烙印。不仅如此,新文化运动的思想基础——科学主义、进化主义等,也和吴稚晖如出一辙。本文在分析清末民初语言文字改革的社会思想现状和时代语境之后,着重探究吴稚晖在语文改革中所作出的重大贡献。早年,吴稚晖提倡以“万国新语”完全替代汉字,继而创造切音简字代替象形文字,后又提出字母注音等系列改革策略。除了汉字改革,吴稚晖还提出了翻译外文书籍应该做到存原文、直译当注、释译当疏的观点。同时他还致力于探索现代语文统一的方法。其次分析吴稚晖与五四时期思想、理论及实践方面的关联。在思想上,主要从无政府主义、科学主义、进化主义三种思想探索吴稚晖与五四白话文运动期间思想上的前后相继的关系,理论上他们二者都运用了西方语音中心论和工具论思想,但在实践过程中二者都陷入了激进主义策略的漩涡,都主张彻底废除中国语言文字。最后论述吴稚晖语言文字改革的贡献与缺陷。吴稚晖在语文运动中作出的贡献不容忽视,他客观的推动了汉字改革,同时促进西方先进文化传入中国,还推动了教育从封建形态逐步转型,但是他忽视了中国文字本身所具有的优点,无限崇拜西方,同时忽视文字与文化传统的关系,也压制了语言文字多元化发展。
[Abstract]:Wu Zhihui is a famous modern Chinese campaigner. He left a special footprint and made a unique contribution on the way of exploring the modernization of Chinese language. In the late Qing Dynasty, he took "New Century" newspaper as his main position. On the basis of anarchism, scientism and evolutionism, the author put forward the reform strategies such as the new Chinese, the simplified characters and the phonetic letters. In the May 4th period, he continued to adhere to the reform of modern Chinese, which had a certain impact on the New Culture Movement (especially the vernacular language Movement). Become the important ideological resources of the new cultural movement Qian Xuantong Hu Shi and others to abolish the thinking of Chinese characters and vernacular improvement ideas all on Wu deep brand. Not only that. The ideological basis of the New Culture Movement-scientism, Evolutionism, and so on, is the same as Wu Zhihui. This paper analyzes the social ideological situation and the context of the times in the reform of language and Chinese characters in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In the early years, Wu Chih-hui advocated the replacement of Chinese characters with "Wanguo Xinyu", and then created simplified characters instead of hieroglyphics. In addition to the reform of Chinese characters, Wu Zhihui also proposed that translation of foreign books should be done to save the original text, literal translation should be noted. At the same time, he also devoted himself to exploring the method of the unification of modern Chinese. Secondly, he analyzed the connection between Wu Zhihui and the thought, theory and practice of the May 4th Movement. In thought, he mainly from anarchism. Scientism and Evolutionism explore the relationship between Wu Zhihui and the thought in succession during the May 4th vernacular movement. In theory, they both use western phonetic centralism and instrumentalism. But in the process of practice, both of them fall into the whirlpool of radicalism strategy. Both advocate the complete abolition of Chinese characters. Finally, it discusses the contribution and defects of Wu Zhihui's language and character reform. Wu Zhihui's contribution to the Chinese language movement can not be ignored, and he objectively promoted the reform of Chinese characters. At the same time to promote the introduction of advanced Western culture into China, but also to promote the gradual transformation of education from the feudal form, but he ignored the advantages of Chinese characters, unlimited worship of the West. At the same time, ignoring the relationship between writing and cultural tradition also suppresses the pluralistic development of language and character.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193

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