论叶芝戏剧中的鸟人结合神话原型

发布时间：2018-03-14 05:17

本文选题：叶芝　切入点：戏剧　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：叶芝是爱尔兰著名的民族诗人,也是推动爱尔兰戏剧现代化的民族剧作家。在叶芝的戏剧作品中,包含着一个反复出现的鸟人结合神话原型。鸟人结合神话原型源自希腊和基督教神话,有天鹅和丽达、鸽子与圣母两种基本模式。在叶芝笔下,这两种基本模式还产生了鸽子与丽达、天鹅和圣母两类变体。本文从神话-原型理论入手,通过文本细读的方法,全面出梳理叶芝戏剧中出现的鸟人结合神话原型。同时借助福柯与阿甘本等人的生命政治学说和动物理论,还原出鸟人结合神话在叶芝戏剧中的内涵——人类既非动物也非天神,而是两者的结合。人既是动物性的也是人性的,既是非理性的也是理性的,既是本能的也是人为的。通过观察叶芝在不同时期对不同类型的鸟人结合神话原型态度的变化,可以发掘出叶芝人性观的动态发展历程。早年的叶芝崇尚人性中的理性成分,对于人性中的非理性部分则加以贬抑。后来叶芝开始逐步尝试非理性与理性、动物性与人性的结合,但对此并不乐观。到了晚年,叶芝的人性观进入到一个新的阶段,认为完美的人性应当是非理性与理性、本能与人为、动物性与人性的和谐统一。至此,叶芝完成了他对于人性的思索,并借此传达出他对实现个体、两性、社会和谐的构想:通过非理性与理性、本能与认为、动物性与人性等对立要素的结合,个体、两性和社会在冲突中进步,在抗争中调和,最终达成圆满。论文分为三章。第一章简述了希腊神话和基督教神话中的鸟人结合神话原型,分析包含在其中的生命政治学和动物问题,并对叶芝戏剧中出现的四种人物原型进行分类和界定。第二章以《在波伊拉海滨》、《骸骨之梦》和《女伯爵凯瑟琳》三部剧作为例,阐释叶芝戏剧中鸟人结合神话原型的两种基本模式,并借此还原叶芝早期的人性观。第三章以《胡里汉之女凯瑟琳》、《幽暗之海》、《心愿之乡》、《大钟楼之王》、《三月的满月》、《炼狱》和《库丘林之死》等七部戏剧为例,详细分析了叶芝戏剧中鸟人结合神话原型的两种变体,以及天鹅与圣母变体的三个不同阶段。通过对鸟人结合神话原型的分析,可以洞察出叶芝人性观的发展过程,以及叶芝理想中的人性模式。
[Abstract]:Yeats is a famous Irish national poet and a national dramatist who promotes the modernization of Irish dramas. Contains a recurring archetype of birdman union mythology. The birdman union mythology originates from Greek and Christian mythology. There are two basic patterns: swan and Rita, pigeons and Virgin Mary. In Yeats's works, These two basic models also produce two variants: pigeon and Rita, swan and Virgin. This paper starts with the mythology-prototype theory, and through the method of reading the text carefully, At the same time, with the help of the life politics theory and animal theory of Foucault and Agumben et al, the connotation of bird and human combination myth in Yeats drama is reducible-man is neither an animal nor a god. It's a combination of the two. Man is both animal and human, irrational and rational, instinctive and man-made. By observing Yeats's attitude toward different types of bird people combined with mythological archetypes at different times, The dynamic development of Yeats's view of human nature can be explored. In his early years, Yeats advocated the rational elements of human nature, and derogated from the irrational part of human nature. Later, Yeats began to try irrationality and rationality gradually. The combination of animal nature and human nature, but not optimistic about it. In his later years, Yeats's view of human nature entered a new stage, believing that perfect human nature should be irrational and rational, instinct and man, and harmony and unity between animal nature and human nature. Yeats completed his thoughts on human nature, and thus conveyed his vision of achieving harmony between individual, gender, and society: through the combination of irrationality and reason, instinct and belief, animality and humanity. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter briefly describes the mythical archetypes of bird and human integration in Greek and Christian mythology. This paper analyzes the politics of life and animal issues, and classifies and defines four types of archetypes in Yeats's plays. Chapter two takes three plays, "on the Seaside of Boyla", "Dream of Skeleton" and "Catherine, the Countess," as examples. Explaining the two basic models of bird man and mythological archetype in Yeats's drama, In the third chapter, seven plays such as Catherine, daughter of Holyhan, the Sea of the Dark, the Land of desire, the King of the Big Bell Tower, the full Moon of March, Purgatory and the death of Kuchulin are taken as examples. This paper analyzes in detail two variants of the mythological archetypes of bird man union in Yeats's drama, and three different stages of swan and virgin variation. Through the analysis of bird man combination myth archetype, the development process of Yeats's concept of human nature is revealed. And Yeats's ideal human nature model.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I562.073

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