勒克莱齐奥作品《奥尼

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:12

本文选题：勒克莱齐奥　切入点：奥尼恰　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：让-马里·古斯塔夫·勒克莱齐奥(Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio,1940-)2008年被授予诺贝尔文学奖,可以说是当今法国文学的核心人物。勒克莱齐奥以宽广的世界视野,对异域文明予以持续关注与深刻思考,被认为是具有"世界性"的作家。勒氏的多元文化身份无疑对其创作产生了深远影响。《奥尼恰》(1991)记录了作者七岁时前往非洲的寻父之旅,被普遍认为是一部寻找历史踪迹的自传体小说,在勒氏作品中具有较为特殊的地位。非洲不仅开启了勒氏的写作之旅,其独特的自然风貌与文化,也在他身上打下深深烙印,成为其—生创作的注脚。各国对勒克莱齐奥作品的研究著作颇丰,就《奥尼恰》的研究而言,则侧重于自传书写及创作手法。在以多元文化碰撞为显著特点的全球化背景下,研究该作品中的文化身份,既可为我们解读其作品提供新的切入点,同时也可以启发我们理解"文化身份"这一议题。本文从小说人物的文化认同出发,以欧洲和非洲作为文化身份流动的两端,依"断裂—连接—再重建"的逻辑分三部分展开论述:第一章探讨《奥尼恰》中勒克莱齐奥与欧洲文化共同体的"断裂"。首先在斯图亚特·霍尔的文化认同理论及后殖民批评的关照下对殖民者辛普森和罗德的文化认同进行分析,从而挖掘冲突源头的本质主义身份观。作者与欧洲的断裂还表现为对非洲书写定式的突破。第一,超越野蛮、单纯的非洲人形象,还原其丰富性。第二,突破异域风情小说传统,尝试真正进入非洲世界,理解当地人的生活与思想。第二章讨论勒克莱齐奥对非洲文化的认同,这种认同表现在两个层次上。第一层为精神上的归属:通过玛乌、吉奥弗洛瓦及樊当三人殊途同归的文化认同历程,勒克莱齐奥实现了对母亲、父亲、童年以及非洲的多重回归。第二层,追寻非洲文化的归属。此部分论证非洲语言、宗教和历史在《奥尼恰》中的呈现一定程度上突破了欧洲中心主义话语,表现出前所未有的丰富性。第三章:身份的重建。勒克莱齐奥在《奥尼恰》中对非洲文化的回归并不意味着重返"黑人性",后者依旧落入了本质主义身份观的窠臼。从强弱势文化碰撞的维度上看,勒氏在作品中提倡杂交式的文化身份,强调不同文化的平等对话。从人与自然关系的角度出发,《奥尼恰》重构了作者的理想身份,即与自然和谐共处的自然身份。最后进一步揭示勒克莱齐奥在书写中构建身份,身份探寻也推动着其写作的丰富与革新。勒克莱齐奥的文化身份并非是非此即彼的划分,而是丰富、多元的。《奥尼恰》成书于1991年,此后勒氏笔耕不辍,持续对身份问题进行思考与书写。非洲与其说是勒克莱齐奥精神的归宿,不如说是他思想和创作的源头,是他"不断启程"进行"诗意冒险"的起点。
[Abstract]:Jean-Marie Leclezio, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cleziovic, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008, which can be said to be the core figure of contemporary French literature. Leclezio, with a broad world perspective, continues to pay attention to and think deeply about foreign civilizations. Considered to be a "world" writer, Le's multicultural identity undoubtedly had a profound impact on his creation. [Onicha] 1991) chronicled the author's quest for a father in Africa at the age of seven. Widely regarded as an autobiographical novel looking for historical traces, Africa has a special position in his works. Africa not only opened his writing journey, its unique natural style and culture, but also made a deep impression on him. To become the footnotes of his life creation. Many countries have studied Leclezio's works, but in the case of Onicia, they have focused on the writing and writing techniques of autobiographical books. In the context of globalization, which is marked by the collision of multiculturalism, The study of the cultural identity in the novel can not only provide a new entry point for us to interpret his works, but also enlighten us to understand the topic of "cultural identity". Europe and Africa as the two ends of the cultural mobility, The thesis is divided into three parts according to the logic of "fracture, connection and reconstruction": the first chapter discusses the "fracture" between Leclezio and the European Cultural Community in "Onicha". Firstly, the theory of cultural identity of Stuart Hall is discussed. And the post-colonial criticism to analyze the cultural identity of colonists Simpson and Luo De. The breakage between the author and Europe is also a breakthrough in African writing patterns. First, transcend the barbaric, pure African image and restore its richness. Break through the tradition of exotic novels, try to truly enter the African world, understand the lives and ideas of the local people. Chapter two discusses Leclezio's recognition of African culture. This kind of identity is manifested on two levels. The first level is spiritual attribution: through the process of cultural identity of Mau, Giovova and Fandang, Leclezio realized the goal of his mother and father. The second level is the pursuit of African culture. This part demonstrates that the African language, religion and history in Onicha have to some extent broken through the discourse of Eurocentrism. Show unprecedented richness. Chapter 3: identity reconstruction. Leclezio's return to African culture in Onichar does not mean a return to "black", which still falls into the fabric of essentialist identity. From the perspective of the collision of strong and weak cultures, In his works, Le advocates a hybrid cultural identity and emphasizes equal dialogue between different cultures. From the perspective of the relationship between man and nature, Onicha reconstructs the author's ideal identity. Finally, it is revealed that Leclezio constructs identity in his writing, and identity exploration also promotes the enrichment and innovation of his writing. Leclezio's cultural identity is not a division of either or or. It was rich and diverse. "Onicha" was written in 1991, and since then Le's work has continued to think and write about identity. Africa is not so much the home of Leclezio's spirit as the source of his thought and creation. It is the starting point for his poetic adventure.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I565.074

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