感恩和社会比较方向对老年人主观幸福感的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 19:00

本文选题：感恩干预 + 社会比较　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国老龄化逐步加深,老年时期的一系列问题都会导致幸福感的下降,老年人群的心理健康和幸福感成为不可小觑的重要议题。根据前人研究,感恩和适当的社会比较对提高幸福感有益,感恩作为一种情感特质是个体即时性或持久性地感知和体验、表达和回报他人、社会或自然恩惠,而社会比较是人们通过与周围他人的比较,在现实生活中定义自己的社会特征。对于我国老年群体的幸福感研究相对于其他人群还比较少。为比较感恩干预和不同的社会比较方向对老年人主观幸福感的影响差异,研究以积极心理学视角,用感恩干预和社会比较记录法对老年人的主观幸福感加以研究,为提高老年人幸福感议题提供思路。研究采用随机对照实验法,结合感恩干预和社会比较记录法来探讨感恩和社会比较对老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究包括两个实验,实验一采用2(干预模式:感恩记录、日常记录)×2(社会比较方向:向上、向下)×2(测量时间:前测,后测)的混合实验设计,检验感恩干预和社会比较方向对老年人主观幸福感是否存在影响。实验二采用2(特质感恩水平:高、低)×2(社会比较方向:向上、向下)×3(测量时间:前测,一周后测,三个月后测)的混合实验设计,进一步探讨了在感恩干预的情景下,不同特质感恩水平和社会比较方向的老年人主观幸福感水平的差异。研究结果如下:1.感恩干预和社会比较方向对老年人的主观幸福感水平存在交互影响:F(1,118)=5.28,p0.05。在日常记录组中,做向下社会比较的老年被试主观幸福感水平高于做向上社会比较的老年被试(p0.001);在向上社会比较记录组中,记录感恩的老年被试主观幸福感高于记录日常事件的老年被试(p0.001)。2.在一周后测的主观幸福分数上,特质感恩和社会比较方向的交互作用不显著:F(1,63)=2.16,p0.05,特质感恩水平的主效应显著:F(1,63)=5.34,p0.05,其中高特质感恩组的被试后测幸福感水平显著比低特质感恩组的被试高。3.在感恩干预情境下,向下的社会比较能够显著提高老年人的主观幸福感水平,在后测的主观幸福分数上,社会比较的主效应显著,F(1,63)=8.26,p0.01,其中向下社会比较的后测幸福感显著比向上社会比较高。4.感恩干预对特质感恩低的老年被试的主观幸福感影响大于特质感恩水平高的老年人(p0.01)。5.三个月后,接受感恩干预的老年人幸福感水平显著比前测水平高(p0.001)。研究结果表明,感恩干预可以有效地提高老年人的主观幸福感水平,且对特质感恩低的老年人更为有效,感恩对幸福感的积极影响可以延续到三个月后。适当的向下社会比较能够提高老年人主观幸福感,支持了社会比较的选择-启动模型理论。研究结论可以在社区或相关养老机构推广应用,成为提高老年人幸福感的方法和手段,从而有效帮助老人减轻消极情绪的影响,进而达到老年期自我的良好整合。
[Abstract]:The aging of our country gradually deepens, a series of problems during the old age will lead to the decline of happiness, the mental health and well-being of the elderly people become an important issue that can not be underestimated. According to previous studies, gratitude and appropriate social comparisons are beneficial to improving happiness. Gratitude, as an emotional trait, is an individual's immediate or persistent perception and experience of expressing and rewarding others, social or natural benefits. Social comparison is that people define their social characteristics in real life by comparing with others around them. There are few studies on the well-being of the elderly in China compared with other groups. In order to compare the effects of gratitude intervention and different social comparison directions on the subjective well-being of the elderly, the study studied the subjective well-being of the elderly from the perspective of positive psychology and the methods of gratitude intervention and social comparative recording. To improve the well-being of the elderly to provide ideas. The effects of gratitude and social comparison on the subjective well-being of the elderly were investigated by using the randomized controlled experiment method, the Thanksgiving intervention and the social comparison method. The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 was designed as a mixture of 2 (intervention model: gratitude record, daily record) 脳 2 (direction of social comparison: upward, downward) 脳 2 (measuring time: pre-test, post-test). The purpose of this study was to examine whether the intervention of gratitude and the direction of social comparison had influence on the subjective well-being of the elderly. In experiment 2, a mixture of 2 (trait gratitude level: high, low) 脳 2 (direction of social comparison: upward, downward) 脳 3 (measuring time: pre test, one week later, three months later) was used to further explore the situation of Thanksgiving intervention. Differences in subjective Well-being of the elderly with different levels of trait gratitude and Social comparison. The results are as follows: 1. Thanksgiving intervention and social comparison had an interactive effect on the subjective well-being of the elderly. In the daily record group, the subjective well-being level of the elderly subjects who made the downward social comparison was higher than that of the elderly subjects compared with the upward social comparison group (p 0.001), while in the upward social comparison group, the level of subjective well-being was higher than that in the upward social comparison group. The subjective well-being of the elderly subjects who recorded gratitude was higher than that of the elderly subjects who recorded daily events (p 0.001. 2). On subjective happiness scores measured a week later, The interaction between trait gratitude and social comparison direction was not significant. The main effect of trait gratitude level was significantly higher than that of low trait gratitude group. The main effect of trait gratitude level was 5.34% (p 0.05), and the well-being level of high trait gratitude group was significantly higher than that of low trait gratitude group. In the context of Thanksgiving intervention, the downward social comparison can significantly improve the subjective well-being of the elderly, in the post-test subjective well-being score, The main effect of social comparison was significantly higher than that of upward society. The effect of Thanksgiving intervention on the subjective well-being of the elderly subjects with low trait gratitude was greater than that on the elderly with high level of trait gratitude. Three months later, the elderly who received Thanksgiving intervention had significantly higher levels of well-being than the pre-measured levels (p 0. 001). The results show that Thanksgiving intervention can effectively improve the subjective well-being of the elderly, and is more effective for the elderly with low trait gratitude, and the positive effect of gratitude on well-being can be extended to three months later. Proper downward social comparison can improve the subjective well-being of the elderly and support the choice-priming model theory of social comparison. The research conclusion can be popularized and applied in the community or related old-age care institutions and become a method and means to improve the well-being of the elderly so as to effectively help the elderly to alleviate the influence of negative emotions and to achieve a good integration of the elderly's self.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.4

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